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Submitted By wolniewicz
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Tema 3: Den økonomiske krise- i Danmark og globalt

Lektion 21a. Hjælpepakker og finanskrisen

Materiale:
ØkonomiNU, s.22-25

1. Hvad blev der gjort for at afbøde virkningerne af finanskrisen?
Forskellige hjælpepakke blev sat i gang, statsstøtte til private banker, støtte til udsatte brancher, nedsættelse af renter og massive lån til banksektoren.

2. Hvad viser tabel 1.1? forklar dernæst hvad der baggrunden for denne udvikling i de offentlige finanser?
Udviklingen i BNP gik fra små underskud som udgangspunkt til massive underskud, dog med undtagelse af DK der startede krisen med et stort plus i BNP men den spiral vendte så til det stik modsatte. Kun Tyskland brød denne tendens i 2007/2008 hvor de havde små overskud i BNP. Baggrunden for denne udvikling var at den globale krise tog fat i efteråret 2008. Her sprang boligboblen og det gav en domino effekt, som endte med at påvirke hele den globale økonomi.

3. Hvad viser figur 1.10?
Den viser 4 udvalgte landes udvikling i den givne periode. De 4 lande har håndteret krisen på forskellige måder, og lavet direkte forskellige reaktioner. Et land som Sverige som pga tidligere erfaringer passede en smule mere på pengene i højkonjunktur tiden havde nemmere ved at rette op på den skankene økonomi. Et land som Tyskland mærker nu virkningen af deres gode konkurrence evne, der giver dem et opsving i økonomien. Mod har vi lande som USA der stadigvæk mærker eftervirkningerne af den bristede boligboble, der gjorde at man blev gældssat.

4. Redegør for hvordan udviklingen har været i landenes økonomier efter finanskrisen?
For de fleste vendte økonomien så småt i 2010. Stigninger i BNP blev en realitet, vækstlandene var kommet op i omdrejninger og hev derfor andre lande med op. Det tog dog en smule mere tid før USA kom i gang igen grundet deres høje arbejdsløshed. Inden for EU var krisen dog ikke helt forbi. Underskud på de offentlige finanser blev nu alvorlige for lande som Grækenland, Portugal og Spanien. Grundet de store problemer internt i landene var mange i tvivl om Euro-samarbejdets fremtid, og hvorvidt de forskellige lande kunne kapere deres underskud på de offentlige finanser, og undgå statsbankerot. Det blev derfor svært for de pressede lande at låne penge til at finansiere underskud.

Lektion 21b. Dansk økonomi og de samfundsøkonomiske mål

Materiale:
ØkonomiNU, s.22-34

5. Hvilke samfundsøkonomiske mål søger økonomer og politikere at opnå i samfundsøkonomien? Hvorfor disse mål er vigtige?
Der er de 6 samfundsøkonomiske mål der går på tværs af alle ideologier. De er: Fuld beskæftigelse, Ligevægt på betalingsbalancen, Økonomisk vækst, Stabile priser, Udligning af sociale forskelle og Hensyn til miljøet. Disse mål vil skabe et godt og harmonisk samfund med overskud til både de socialt dårligt stillede, miljøet, prisudvikling, arbejdsstyrken og økonomien.

6. Hvilke forskelle er der imellem de borgerlige og venstreorienterede partier mht de økonomiske mål?
De borgerlige vægter frem venstrefløjen økonomien meget højt. De borgerlige har de direkte økonomiske mål som hoved fokus punkter. Mens de venstreorienterede ser menneskelige fokus punkter som arbejdsløshed og udligning af sociale forskelle som mere vigtige. Men grundlæggende kan alle partier slutte op om de 6 samfundsøkonomiske mål, dog i forskellige prioriteringsgrad.

7. Hvad en målkonflikt? Giv konkrete eksempler herpå.
Er når man opfylder et mål og man ser nogle eftervirkninger. Det kan være at man opnår fuld beskæftigelse og der importeres arbejdskraft fra udlandet. Det medfører at udlandet bliver opmærksom på den aktuelle branche, og derfor opfordre til at outsource jobbene til udlandet for at spare penge på produktionen, og derfor mister vi arbejdspladser i DK men importere så de vare vi før selv producerede og eksporterede. 8. Diskuter i gruppen hvilke samfundsøkonomiske mål, der vigtigst. Argumenter for jeres svar!
Når en økonom skal se på hvordan et lands økonomi kører, naturligvis kigges der først på bruttonationalproduktet, og hvor meget det stiger per år. Men derudover er der fire punkter som bliver fokuseret på. Det kaldes de fire blanceproblemer. Først og fremmest kigges der på arbejdsløsheden, hvis den ligger omkring 3-5 % er man fuldt ud tilfreds, men hvis den er derover begynder det at blive et problem for samfundsøkonomien. Derefter er der den offentlige saldo, som er udgifter til skole, militær og børnehaver etc. Hele dette regnskab kaldes den offentlige sectors regnskab. Derefter er der pristigninger, som man også kalder inflationen. Hvis priserne stiger, og ikke løningerne, er forbrugerne nødt til at købe mindre, derfor skal inflationen gerne ligge på omkring 2. Til sidst er der betalings balancen, som holder øje med hvor meget der bliver tjent, og hvor meget der bliver brugt.

8. Hvad viser figur 2.3? Forklar i den forbindelse sammenhængen mellem udviklingen i arbejdsløsheden og betalingsbalancen.
Angiver sammenhængen mellem arbejdsløshed og betalingsbalancen. De stiger og falder i nogenlunde samme perioder. I nogle perioder er der et meget stort skæl mellem de to faktorer, men i ca. 2007 krydsede de to hinanden hvilket var et klart positivt tegn.

9. Hvad viser tabel 2.1 på side 33? Forklar endvidere hvad der er baggrunden for denne udvikling i de fire balanceproblemer
Finanskrisen brød magien, som du ser af tabellen, når du sammenligner 2007-2008 med 2009-tallene. Dens voldsomhed gik især ud over arbejdsløsheden og de offentlige finanser, som her i begyndelsen af 2010’erne må siges at være de væsentligste danske balanceproblemer. Kraftigt stigende udgifter til dagpenge samt svigtende skatteindtægter forringede de offentlige finanser – omend underskuddet stadig er i den pæne ende sammenlignet med andre europæiske lande, da vi jo som udgangspunkt havde stort overskud. Ligeledes er den danske arbejdsløshedsprocent lavere end i de fleste europæiske lande.

10. Hvilke problemer står dansk økonomi overfor –på kort og lidt længere sigt?
På længere sigt er dansk økonomi præget af andre problemer. Som følge af det faldende fødselstal i de seneste årtier vil de ældre årganges andel af den samlede befolkning stige kraftigt. Desuden stiger levealderen i disse år. Samtidigt bliver der færre i den erhvervsaktive alder, som jo er dem, der skal forsørge børnene og de gamle. Den såkaldte forsørgerbyrde øges derfor markant de kommende år. Dette vil lægge et yderligere pres på de offentlige finanser i fremtiden. Der er færre til at betale skat og flere udgifter til pensioner og plejehjem. Om dette problem løses ved, at vi alle skal arbejde lidt mere, eller betale lidt mere i skat.

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