...Policy Paper on Political Stability and Economic Development: The Case of Bangladesh 1. Introduction Among the non-economic variables considered as sine qua non for development, political stability comes first. One may argue that other non-economic factors like rule of law, law and order situation are subsumed under political stability. On the other hand, major determinants of development like savings and investment, relative price stability, human resources, level of technology, factor productivity can play an effective role when political atmosphere is congenial. For example, it is argued that political stability and convenient law and order ensure the confidence of the people in the economy and its further development, which encourages the people to save. It also promotes confidence of the investors in the economy and convinces them to invest and reinvest. Of course, price stability, higher education and technical qualifications of the population, increasing factor productivity, technological modernity, export promotion etc. may not be directly related to political stability. But political stability in the long run ultimately ensures a relative price stability, improves educational and qualification status of the people, increases factor productivity, enables technology transfer, promotes exports. Those are the factors essential for economic growth. Moreover, long term political stability provides a congenial atmosphere for evolution of democracy. Democratic political order in turn...
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...Political Socialization The process in how a person forms their political ideals and values by taking in what is around them. People are politically socialized by different agents of socialization. These agents include a person’s family, the media, where they have received their education, their peers, religion, faith, geography, age, and gender. This definition holds true in America and in different countries as well.. Everyone is politically socialized in some manner. The importance of age in the process of political socialization is rather important. Young or old, the ideals of how the government is seen by someone has a direct effect on what their age is. The agent of age is unique because some agents of political socialization turn into factors of age in political socialization. These factors include family, school, media, and religion. Why do young people older citizens’ majority of the time seem to have different political outlook from each other? Anja Neundorf gives a three part answer to contribute a reason to this question. The first part of an answer to why older and younger people differ in political views states “So-called age effects refer to changes that are associated with basic biological processes or progression through the life-cycle as social roles change with age or as the accumulation of social experience increases” (Neundorf 2). In other words as an individual gets older their behavior changes according to where they are in the life cycle. Political...
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...of violence in a political system, both maintaining a particular political order and in bringing about political change? 2. When is violence more likely to be restored to and why might it succeed? 3. Is it sometime necessary? Political violence can emerge from an attempt by a group or a government to obtain political goals through use of violence or the threat of violence. Before elaborating definition and aspects of Political violence, it will be useful to identify non-violence processes a government or beaurocracy implements by following the law of a country. Elections, a political agreement between two parties and etc. are some examples of non-violent actions that the government or the executives of a government follow when necessary. These exemptions to violence are normally defining country’s law system and in case of the United States they are defined in the Constitution. Elections are used for many different purposes but it is very important when the result of it affects large population. Changing a leadership through an election affects to the future of a country. When inspect most counties and their political system, it becomes obvious that governments are using political violence or at least threat of violence to establish the political object in the region, and this tool (political violence) is not only use by types of governments such as monarchy, dictatorship, or oligarchy, it has also become a tool for democracy and republic political systems. (cite :...
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...casual questions in the realm of politics and government is what political science and this book are all about. 4. Knowing the fundamentals of your political system and good thinking is important because it allows you to keep your leaders, and family and friends accountable. 5. Single cause explanations flow from a particular or partisan posture or in the need to explain something in a sound bite 6. Correlation- a relationship between factors such that change in one is accompanied by change in one is accompanied by change in the other Causation- a relationship between variables such that change in the value of the others Spurious relationship- a relationship between variables that reflects correlation but not causation 7. Government- intuitions that have the authority and capacity to create and enforce public policies (rules) for a specific territory and people. There are about 89,000 governments 8. Government is different from other institutions in society in that it has a broad right to force, government can make citizens do things they otherwise might not do (such as pay taxes, educate their children, carry car insurance, and pay for lost library books) 9. Social contract- an agreement among members of a society to form and recognize the authority of a centralized government that is empowered to make and enforce laws governing the members of that society Authoritarian system- a political...
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...Festivity of Political Campaigns Still Persist By Francel Salas Election from the word itself “elect” which means to choose or to vote a righteous person that will lead his country and his people with his intention of further boost the development of the country side. As a democratic country Philippines used to have its election. And now election 2013 is fast approaching, politicians are becoming very ostensible to the public due to their political campaigns that will convince our voters to vote for them. Different tactics and skims are evident to these aspiring politicians. Nowadays, vast number of banners and tarpaulins sponsored by prominent politicians are encircling the different municipalities and cities of the country that are obviously bespeaks of the upcoming election. Furthermore, even holiday seasons are also utilize for political purposes wherein last Christmas, some of the well-known politician candidates used to distribute “hamon”- definitely for their political intention. Also the “Feast of the Black Nazarene” last January 9, became an instrument for campaign, politicians gave free t-shirts to those devotee with the face of Black Nazarene in the front and the name of politician at the back. Additionally, television networks, radio stations, newspapers and even social media will be used as their medium to broadcast their propagandas. Political campaign would not be complete without the prepared speeches from the candidates with their smiling faces to the...
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...Joseph Lee Spradlin Dr. Steven Shirley Federal Government GOVT 2305 16 October 2013 Political Opinions: Free, Frequent, and Frivolous Politics it seems is one of those volatile topics that most people try to avoid. However, I have noticed that regardless of what political party people claim to affiliate with many people have at least some common ground. As an example, I have found most of the people I have dealt with believe that Politicians in general are Lairs and Crooks. Many of those people believe that the person in office has it wrong and that they could do a better job. Though few choose to actively participate in the political process by educating themselves on the candidates, topics, voting, or expressing their thoughts to the elected officials by means of correspondence. “Political Socialization is the process by which an individual acquires values, beliefs and opinions about politics.” (Dautrich and Yalof 272) This is an ongoing process that for many people grows and broadens with age and education. That is to say that as we gain knowledge through formal education and wisdom through life experiences the concepts of what we hold as important change. We then excise our expressed views by use of the political process. This can be accomplished by way of donating our time or money to a particular cause or candidate, petitioning for or against causes, or voting either for a Political Party (known as along Party Lines),or the candidates that best represent our views, or...
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...I used to believe that the two party system was ideal for the American People and American Government as a whole. It allowed individuals to align themselves closest to the political party for which held their beliefs. “The first major political division between the Federalists and Antifederalists established a precedent that continued over time and ultimately resulted in the domination of the two party system.” 1 This two party system hold so much power that the democrats and republicans make it nearly impossible for these groups to have any sense of sustainability. “Because third parties normally do not win elections, Americans tend not to vote for them or contribute to their campaigns, so they continue not to win.” 2 Because both parties know that the threat a third party is almost nonexistent, they tend to have different approaches to how they handle third party diversions from their bases. The whole idea of politics has become a game of party power and control rather than support for the American people. While the democrats have an embracing approach to third party distractors of their base, republicans have taken the approach of distancing themselves from them. This whole game is an attempt to attract the high percentage of independent voters. In that in the last 15 years, the differences between the two parties have become so minuscule that it is hard to tell them apart. This is supported by the fact that in “2014, fully 42 percent of the electorate claimed to independent...
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...Raja Nabil Dzurkarnain Professor W. Thomas Fagan PSCI 2000 May 6, 2012 1) Everyone have their own political ideology and opinions in what’s happening in the world right now. I would categorize myself as a Liberal. Liberal and conservatives have their own view in how they see certain issues. However, I can be liberal in some issues and conservative in other issues. Being a Muslim, how I view things can be different from anyone who doesn’t share the same faith as me. For example, same sex marriage is legal in some states in the United States. Religion wise, I totally against same sex marriage because it is forbidden in Islam and been regarded as a sinful act. From the perspective of humanity, same sex marriage would make no sense because the couples cannot reproduce an heir. Besides that, there are also different opinions on abortion. Muslims regard abortion as wrong and forbidden but many accept it may be permitted in certain cases. From my understanding, abortion on the ground of financial reason or not be able to take care of the baby when the baby growing up is a great sin in Islam. In my opinion, the mother should be allowed to abort her baby if it’s because of poverty. The reason is if the mother cannot provide the baby with food and shelter than there is no point of keeping the child. Every child deserves the basic needs to grow up. The reason I mention this is because I don’t view all issues from Islamic perspectives. Some of the things you just need to be...
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...Political Parties Political Parties Rights for the individual are at the heart of the Libertarian Party, the belief that no one should have to sacrifice their values for the benefit of others. In 1971 the party was founded with the vision of peace, harmony and abundance. Free trade between individuals and protection from government seizure of assets, fraud, and misrepresentation are just a few of the key goals. The Libertarian Party seeks to protect individuals from control by state or government, they believe abortion should be free choice and not decided by state or government. They aim to protect freedom of speech and the ability to participate or abstain from religious activities. Sexual preferences and orientation is also another key point that the party believes should be left to the individual to decide. The Libertarian party believes all of the aforementioned rights should be protected as long as it does not impede on the rights of another. The Republican Party opposes abortion except in certain cases; many individuals may feel as though this should not be a decision to be made by the government. Mitt Romney opposes the idea unless it involved rape, incest, or threatens the mother’s life. Several life circumstances could impact ones belief, many of which would fall outside the views of Republicans. Religion is also contributing factor, an individual’s religious beliefs play an important role in pro-life arguments. This argument would fall...
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...Northeastern University POLITICAL CORRECTNESS And How It Affects People’s Attitude By Maria Sheehan English 1004 July 2013 Political correctness affects the language people use in a society. However, sometimes it fails to change the attitudes behind the language. The term “Political correctness” is very common and widely used among people. The term has undergone many changes throughout its existence. Initially this term signified the language people used to minimize possible offence on the basis of gender, race, or ethnicity. The definition of PC by “The Collins Cobuild English dictionary for advanced learners” reflects true and original meaning of the term. “If you say that someone is politically correct, you mean that they are extremely careful not to offend or upset any group of people in society, for example with their attitudes towards sex, race, or disability.” It also implies the intention and efforts to change discriminatory attitudes. However, It could be argued that politically correct language do not translate to politically correct attitudes. Van Boven, Dutch jurist and professor emeritus, argues that when people perceive the language they speak as having high standards of political correctness, they become more politically correct themselves (Van Boven, 2000). This statement can be supported by the PC ideologies, which were intended to enforce and change people’s views on gender, race and other minorities. One of...
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...Gabriel Laurencin Jr Political Science Assignment VI April 17, 2015 The last three months of college have offered me opportunity to learn and understand the science that is involved in politics. Politics can be simplified into smaller components and an easier understanding by studying how it works and the systems of which they operate. This is what we call a social science. According to Britannica Encyclopedia Political science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity and political behavior. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics which is commonly thought of as the determining of the distribution of power and resources. When I started the political science class my views on politics were negative. Negative in the sense that I wanted little to do with politics. My view of politics was a form of corruption were citizens were robbed. My recent studies of the political science have changed my views, interest, and expectations of politics. Growing up in the Virgin Islands my generation has heard and seen very little positive talks about politics. My definition of politics before my political science class was fairly simple. I thought politics were a group or an entity of elected officials that controlled government money. I learned that I was not one 100% right but there was way more to that one simple word. The very first thing that political science made me understand is the importance...
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...Huri Tursan, Democratisation in Turkey: The Role of Political Parties, Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2004. Comparative studies on regime changes in Southern Europe and Latin America have shown the central role that stable and strong party systems play in the consolidation of democracy. Although Turkish political parties and the party system have received considerable scholarly attention, their impact on the country’s democratization process has not been systematically examined. Huri Tursan’s book seeks to fill this gap in the literature on contemporary Turkish politics. A modified version of the author’s doctoral dissertation written at the European University Institute in Florence, the study describes the historical evolution of political parties, with particular focus on developments concerning party politics since Turkey’s transition from an authoritarian one-party regime to a multi-party system in the late 1940s. The bulk of the book analyzes the changing electoral fortunes of the individual parties over the past five decades, the impact of the breakdowns of democracy through military interventions in 1960, 1971, and 1980 on party competition, and trends in the party system over the years. The analysis of the changes in the party system concerning volatility, fragmentation, and polarization constitute the book’s main empirical contribution. The picture that emerges from Hursan’s study is that of a party system which lacks strong and cohesive parties and which has experienced...
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...Political science Students Name University Affiliation Political cultures definition can be a country’s psychology. Political culture is the set of beliefs attitudes and sentiments responsible for giving order to a process that is political. Studies of political culture attempt to uncover underlying long held values and characteristics of societal groups rather than their attitudes that are short-lived towards issue of public surveys on the latter’s opinions. Political culture is thus a manifestation in aggregate form of the subjective and psychological forms of politics. Political culture attempts to make more explicit and systematic understanding of long-standing concepts that are in association with ideologies, political psychology of the nation and the people's fundamental values. There are no means that freedom and equality can stop disagreeing. Freedom is when one has the right to do something without asking for permission whereas equality is getting treatment that is similar to everyone else and equality differ in that freedom and using them in infringing equality and equality can help in undermining freedom. A good example is a situation where one can use their freedom to insult people from other races. Insulting of others goes against the fact that they are all equal. An example of equality is a situation where traffic is cleared in order for a political leader to be the priority. Freedom and equality can never lack conflict this is...
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...Many kinds of political systems developed in different areas of the world depending on the needs of the people. In order to be recognized as a new and independent country, such nation must be able to determine what system of government should be used. Egypt has offered humanity the oldest political system ever, while other countries political systems totally improved their countries. Egypt has to determine in the new constitution the identity of its governance system. The ruling systems in the international arena can be divided into two categories the first is the presidential system, the closest example being the American system; the second is the parliamentary system, with examples being the United Kingdom. A Political system is a system of politics and government. It's a complete set of institutions, interest groups, political parties, trade unions, lobby groups. It's composed of members of social organization and it ensures the maintaining of order and sanity in the society. Among the political systems are presidential and parliamentary is the parliamentary type of democratic government. The leader of the parliamentary form of government is noted to become more dynamic and responsive to all the need of its people. The parliamentary form is capable of reducing or preventing legislative. Since the power is given to the Prime Minister the possibility of having problems regarding legislative congestion is prevented. It can also be said that parliamentary is more flexible...
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...World History II Nationalism & Imperialism of the 19th century Nationalism is a positive feeling of belonging to a particular nation, often including a desire to serve the nation, based on such elements as birth and ancestry, later choice and naturalization, acceptance of a common future, and or material and cultural benefits of membership in the nation. In order to better understanding what nationalism is, one must learn the meaning of nationalism. Nationalism is the devotion to the interests or culture of a particular nation. Nationalism is a striving force that can help a country thrive. To be a bit more specific, nationalism promises to unite and empower the masses of a nation to work together for a common good. As a positive force, it views other nations as potential allies or as friendly competitors. As a negative force, it threatens to force the masses to serve the state and to turn one nation against another in destructive warfare. Nationalism was a debatable issue in 19th century. had developed differently in Western Europe and Eastern, Central Europe. Western Europe was identified with Civic Nationalism, and nationalism was also seen as an imperialist and economic movement. The first goal of nationalism was to create a modern, independent nation where none existed. Independent movements within the Ottoman Empire fought in battle to free their regions from imperial dictatorship. The American colonies fought to create a new nation, independent from England...
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