...Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome commonly known as PCOS have never piqued my interest until late 2006 when my daughter was diagnosed with the disease. My daughter have always been obese growing up and I attributed it to her genetic make-up. At age nine, I have noticed physical changes that accompanied her obesity like skin tags, dark patches of skin on groin, armpits and neck, and excessive facial hair growth. As migrants who just settled in the United States, with little knowledge of healthcare resources, my first resort was over the counter remedy like topical creams to lighten dark spots which did nothing at all. It never entered my mind that my daughter's physical manifestations could be a sign of a more serious health condition until her school...
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...Discovered in 1935 by gynecologists Irving F. Stein and Michael L. Leventhal, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome was named the “Stein-Leventhal syndrome” for many years thereafter (Adi & Tank, 122). The ovulation disorder of the ovaries in women, with a common symptom of infertility, is known today as a condition called Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, or PCOS. It is the result of an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries. As a result, the imbalance produces the growth of benign masses or ovarian cysts. In addition, PCOS can cause irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, overproduction of insulin, and weight gain. PCOS affects approximately five million women in the United States between the ages of 15 and 44 (womenshealth.gov)....
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...Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a problem in which a woman's hormones are out of balance. It can cause problems with your periods and make it difficult to get pregnant. In PCOS, small cysts form in the ovaries which affect the hormones and disrupt the normal menstrual cycle. PCOS also may cause unwanted changes in the way you look. If it is left untreated, it can lead to serious health issues. There are various symptoms of PCOS such as: irregular periods, acne, weight gain, extra hair on the body and face and trouble in getting pregnant. Diagnosis can be made on the basis of the symptoms and lab tests. When the patient is diagnosed with the PCOS it is then important to get the treatment done in order to get rid of the disease. When it comes to the treatment then the patient can go for the two spectrums of the treatment that is the medicinal treatment in which doctors prescribe birth control pills to reduce the symptoms, Metformin to get the regular periods and fertility treatment for those who are trying to get pregnant. The other spectrum is the lifestyle change in which you can follow the strict nutritional diet, regular exercise and yoga regime. The relaxing and rejuvenating power of yoga helps a lot in tackling the symptoms and problems caused by PCOS....
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...Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome What does infertility, mainly hair growth, and obesity all have in common? These are all symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, the most common endocrine disorder. This endocrine disorder, is now the leading cause of infertility, and is now just starting to becoming more acknowledged. This disorder comes along with many different health risk, that just increase as you get older. According to the Center of Young Women's Health, the disorder is a hormone imbalance in the brain, and in the ovaries. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome affects one in ten women, ten percent, more than three million women in the world (“Center”). The most common endocrine disorder, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, is overlooked, under addressed,...
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...Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or (PCOS) is a common condition in women of reproductive ages. Up to 70% of women with PCOS remain undiagnosed. Infertility is the most common symptom of PCOS. Polycystic ovary syndrome causes irregular menstrual cycles excessive body or facial hair and polycystic ovaries as the main symptom. Women with PCOS produce higher amounts of a male hormones known as androgen which contribute to some of the symptoms of the condition. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a constellation of symptoms rather then a specific disease and the cause or causes are not completely understood. Interestingly the ovaries may develop cysts but that is not necessary for the diagnosis polycystic ovary syndrome. Many females that suffer from PCOS...
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...INFERTILITY I. Introduction A. Thesis II. Infertility A. Causes B. Symptoms C. Treatment III. Causes A. Ovulation Disorders Article by Robin Weiss B. Quote from Weiss “Ovulation is the other cornerstone of your fertility. Just as you cannot get pregnant without a lining for the fertilized egg to burrow into, if there is no egg to fertilize pregnancy is not possible” C. Paraphrase from article. IV. Symptoms A. Symptoms of Infertility by The Staff at Mayo Clinic 1. Quote by the staff “The main symptom of infertility is the inability of a couple to get pregnant. An abnormal menstrual cycle that's too long (35 days or more) or too short (less than 21 days) can be a sign of female infertility. There may be no other outward signs or symptoms.” 2. Paraphrase from research. B. Article by The New York Times 1. Quote from article “The main symptom of infertility is the inability to become pregnant. Specific symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility.” 2. Paraphrase from article. V. Treatment A. Clomiphene citrate 1. What is Clomiphene citrate and how does it work? B. Human menopausal gonadotropin (Repronex, Menopur) 1. What is it? C. In vitro Fertilization VI. Conclusion I. Mery Gonzalez Coach Drinkwater English IV 1 Feb 2013 INFERTILITY Every woman dreams of having children as they reach their late 20’s early 30’s, and most women...
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...Running head: PCOS, AN UNDER DIAGNOSED DISORDER PCOS, An Under Diagnosed Disorder Abstract A very common, but often under diagnosed hormone disorder is called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome also known as, PCOS. A positive diagnosis along with treatment can become the answer to many other health problems, including infertility, which may have plagued the patient. Purpose Statement Shows how PCOS, when diagnosed and treated properly can become the answer to many other health problems, including infertility, which may have plagued the patient. Statement of Qualification I bring knowledge to this study because I was diagnosed with PCOS 3 years ago at the age of 28. Having missed the proper diagnosis for the majority of my child-bearing years, I suffered from many of the symptoms that will be later discussed. I have since been under treatment and have found the answer too many of the health problems I had earlier in life. PCOS, An Under diagnosed Disorder In the medical field, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, also known as (PCOS) is a disorder of hormones that is rarely diagnosed. Many women carry out their lives with this disorder and are never treated for it. The disorder is common, affecting as many as one out of ten; however, this number may be higher due to under diagnosis. PCOS carries a wide range of symptoms and they vary from person to person. A few of these symptoms are obesity...
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...remember the doctor asking me the dreading question “how is your sex life?” I could tell he was new to the field with his uncomfortable break on his voice. So I decided to just go for it and be honest and break the ice and said “we have a lot of sex, more than ever, in the morning, for my lunch break, when I got off, and before we went to sleep” He looked at me and his eyes open so wide, I almost thought his eyes were going to come out of there sockets like a cartoon character watching a bomb about to blow up in their hands. He told me he was going to do some test and give me an ultra sound of my ovaries. About three months went by and I got a call from the nurse saying the doctor needed to speak to me. He told me I had PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome). He said they needed to run more test and one of them consisted of them...
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...Constitutional symptoms: Pt states she exercises 2-3 times per week with a yoga class. She maintains a regular diet in which she tries to eat low fat for her cholesterol. She is conscious of her high cholesterol and states it has improved. Pt states overall health as good. Eyes: Pt is myopic in which she wears glasses and contacts. She denies any changes in vision and pain. Ears, nose, mouth, and throat (ENT): Pt states she has no changes in auditory function. Pt denies congestion. Pt denies any soreness in her throat, no hoarseness or pain noted. Cardiovascular: Patient denies any palpitations, lightheadedness, or angina. No claudication noted. Pt denies and calf tenderness or swelling. Respiratory: Pt denies dyspnea on exertion, cough, wheeze, and decrease exercise tolerance. Gastrointestinal: Pt denies any pain, discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Pt states she has a bowel movement daily, last one this morning, moderate in size and formed. Denies any changes in stool character. Pt denies s/s of GERD. Genitourinary: Pt states she is continent. Denies pain with urination. States that urine is clear, yellow. Denies frequency, urgency, and hematuria. Musculoskeletal: Pt states she does have back pain that has worsened over the past two weeks. Denies trauma, pain is location between clavicles on thoracic spine. Pain is localized and does not radiate. Pain is made worse with physical activity. With activity pain can be a level 6 out of 10...
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...releases too little of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency. All treatment for Addison's disease involves hormone replacement therapy to correct the levels of steroid hormones your body isn't producing. Some options for treatment include Oral corticosteroids, Corticosteroid injections, and Androgen replacement therapy. Doctors may prescribe fludrocortisones to replace aldosterone. Hydrocortisone (Cortef), prednisone or cortisone acetate may be used to replace cortisol. Cushing's disease, Overproduction of a pituitary gland hormone leads to an overactive adrenal gland. A similar condition called Cushing's syndrome may occur in people, particularly children, who take high doses of corticosteroid...
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...Disease Process Worksheet _______________________________________________ Name of Presenter ___________________Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)_______________________ Disease or Illness Note: You may use this form as your format or include these topics in a PowerPoint presentation. Overview of Disease or Disorder (what is it? What does it do to the patient? What are usual outcomes?) | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS can have enlarged ovaries that contain fluid called follicles located in each ovary that can be seen during an ultrasound. Women with PCOS produce higher amounts of male hormones known as androgens which contribute to some of the symptoms. Women with PCOS have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, excessive hair growth, acne and obesity can occur. | Clinical Signs (How does the disease present?) | Women with PCOS usually have the following symptoms: Obesity, Acne, Infertility, Pelvic pain, Enlarged polycystic ovaries, Hirsutism (excess facial and body hair), Infrequent, absent or irregular menstrual cycle, Hypertension, Sleep apnea, Pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes | Etiology (What causes the disease or illness?) | It is not known what causes PCOS but excess insulin, heredity and low-grade inflammation may play a role. | Epidemiology (The incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population.) | Between 1 in 10 and 1in 20 women of childbearing age has PCOS. As many as 5...
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...What is PCOS? PCOS is called polycystic ovary syndrome, and it is a syndrome that affects a large number of women, whether they know it or not. What is PCOS exactly? It is a hormonal disorder that causes the ovaries to enlarge with small cysts on the outer edge. There is no known exact cause of this disorder, but most of the symptoms occur from hormone imbalances. With the excess of insulin that is produced, sometimes an increased production of androgens happens and causes trouble with ovulation. Androgens are hormones that influence sex-related characteristics, so having an excess amount that the ovaries produce can result in having acne, hirsutism (which is excess facial and body hair) and could even cause reproductive dysfunction. This...
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...What causes PCOS? PCOS is caused by an imbalance in the hormones (chemical messengers) in your brain and your ovaries. PCOS usually happens when a hormone called LH (from the pituitary gland) or levels of insulin (from the pancreas) are too high, which then causes the ovaries to make extra amounts of testosterone Resistance to insulin Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control the amount of sugar in the blood. It helps to move glucose from blood into cells, where it's broken down to produce energy. Insulin resistance means the body's tissues are resistant to the effects of insulin. The body therefore has to produce extra insulin to compensate. High levels of insulin cause the ovaries to produce too much testosterone, which interferes with the development of the follicles (the sacs in the ovaries where eggs develop) and prevents normal ovulation. Insulin resistance can also lead to weight gain, which can make PCOS symptoms worse, because having excess fat causes the body to produce even more insulin. Hormone imbalance Many women with PCOS are found to have an imbalance in certain hormones, including: • raised levels of testosterone – a hormone often thought of as a male hormone, although all women usually produce small amounts of it • raised levels of luteinising hormone (LH) – this stimulates ovulation, but may have an abnormal effect on the ovaries if levels are too high • low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) – a protein in the blood, which binds...
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...Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an ovulation and infertility disorder that occurs in many women. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a problem that occurs in with the ovaries. In PCOS, the ovaries are bigger than average, and the outer surface of the ovary has an abnormally large number of small follicles, which are the sac of fluid that grows around the egg under the influence of stimulating hormones from the brain (Thatcher, 10). PCOS involves more than just the ovaries filled with small cysts, which is associated with high male hormones. In PCOS, these follicles remain immature, never growing to full development or ovulating to make an egg capable of being fertilized. For the woman, this means that she rarely ovulates (releases an egg) and so is less fertile. She also does not have regular periods and may go for many weeks without a period. Other features of the condition are excess weight and excess body hair. The condition is common infertile women and particularly common with women with ovulation problems (an incidence of about 75 percent) (Hammerly, 6). In the general population, around 25 percent of women will have polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound examination but most have no other symptoms or signs of PCOS and are perfectly healthy. It is not known if women are born with this condition, PCOS seems to run in families, which means that something that causes the condition is inheritable. When PCOS is passed down the man’s side of the family, the men are not infertile...
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... Pelvic Inflammatory Disease There is an estimated one million women in the United States who are treated for pelvic inflammatory disease. About 75,000 suffer from infertility due to damage from PID. That affects the fallopian tubes and uterus. What is Pelvic inflammatory disease? PID is an infection of the women reproductive organs How do women get PID? Women can get it from having a STD and not know. With the STD untreated it causes pelvic inflammatory disease. The bacteria spread from the vagina and cervix and causes PID. In 75 to 90 percent of the PID cases gonorrhea and Chlamydia are present. You can also get it by having many sexual partners and drug use. When a female douche she increases her chances of getting PID. It is proved most cases of is often poly microbial. Signs and symptoms vary in different cases depending on the individual. It can range from none to sever symptoms. There is not an actual test for PID. The doctors diagnose you off of your medical history and pelvic examination. If you have fever, cervical motion tenderness, lower abdominal pain, new or different discharge, painful intercourse, uterine tenderness, adnexal tenderness, or irregular menstruation. You need to let your doctor know as soon as possible. It can come fast and painful if it is produced from gonorrhea. The doctor will do a pelvic exam if you have any of these symptoms. In severe cases a laparoscopy, intra-biopsy may be done. The less severe...
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