...The Shrimp Commodity System A Sustainability Institute Report by Denise Johnston, Chris Soderquist and Donella H. Meadows There’s a basic fear between your world and mine. I don’t know why. What I came to say was, teach the children about the cycles. The life cycles. All the other cycles. That’s what it’s all about, and it’s all forgot.” —Gary Snyder. “To/From Lew” July 2000 © Sustainability Institute PO Box 174 Hartland Four Corners VT 05049 Inquiries to d.meadows@dartmouth.edu Table of Contents Commodity Project Background ...................................................................................... page 2 The Shrimp System .......................................................................................................... page 3 Wild Shrimp Fisheries Shrimp Aquaculture Model Purpose and Development..................................................................................... page 4 Model Structure ................................................................................................................ page 5 Scenarios from the Model................................................................................................. page 9 Scenario 1: Unbounded Aquaculture Scenario 2: The Environment Strikes Back Scenario 3: Help for the Fishery Scenario 4: Best Practice for the Shrimp Farmers Summary of Dynamic Lessons ....................................................................................... page 12 Notes on Process to Date...
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...ABSTRACT This paper studied to identify the barriers of this entrepreneurship and the reason behind the emergence of those barriers that will help the farmers to have smooth business which will ultimately lead to a successful growth and development of pond fish culture of Bangladesh. The population of this study consisted of 252 fish farmers of the selected villages of Faridgonj upazila of Chandpur district. Required data are collected by personal interviewing of the respondents. From the study it can be seen that unavailability of proper information, lack of proper knowledge on pond management and unavailability of credit has been considered as the potential barriers of pond fish culture entrepreneurships. It is also observed that education, age, family size, income from pond fish culture, availability of information sources has significant impact on pond fish culture entrepreneurships. This study will help the concern policy makers to concentrate on the major barriers of pond field culture and to take appropriate initiative to eliminate those barriers of pond fish culture for the purpose of ensuring the significant contribution of pond fish culture in the economy of Bangladesh. This research will also help other researchers to conduct similar researches. Keywords: Pond fish culture, entrepreneurships, barriers, technical knowledge, pond management. Statement of the problem The fishery sector is an integral part of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector is playing...
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...the ocean. Mangroves thrive in the salty coastal water, where other plant species would die. Aquaculture practices in the Philippines have had negative impacts on mangrove tracts, resulting in more than 337 000 hectares lost since 1925 (Samson and Rollon, 2008). The removal of mangroves for aquaculture creates exponential environmental backlash, as the role of mangroves is replaced with polluting aquaculture. The purpose of this paper is to compare the benefits of aquaculture to the negative effects on mangrove ecosystems. When considering the negative aspects of aquaculture it is also important to provide solutions to help mitigate mangrove damage and destruction. This paper has been organized to first provide a background on mangroves and Philippine aquaculture, specifically brackish water ponds. The second portion of this paper is to provide information on the damages caused by aquaculture unto mangrove ecosystems and the environment. The third portion provides solutions to the problems facing mangrove ecosystems because of aquaculture. This paper looks to inspire and educate on the relationship between aquaculture and mangrove ecosystems in the Philippines. The Benefits of Mangroves Mangroves provide countless benefits to coastal and inland ecosystems. Acting as a boundary between ocean and land, mangroves help to buffer and dissipate wave energy. As sea levels rise, coastal erosion is degrading the shores and depositing sediment into the ocean. Mangroves work against...
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...OF DOMESTIC GREYWATER | 11 11 12 17 | 7. 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 | TRADE IN WASTE: TYPES AND EFFECTINTRODUCTION TYPES OF WASTEWATERINORGANIC WASTEWATER ORGANIC WASTEWATER | 25 25 25 26 27 | 8. 8.1 8.2 | HOW CAN TRADE IN WASTE BE MINIMIZED INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND | 30 30 31 | | BIBLIOGRAPHY | 34 | 1. UNDERSTANDING TRADE WASTE 1.1 WHAT IS TRADE WASTE? Trade Waste refers to liquid wastes from any business, industry, trade or manufacturing process approved for sewer disposal other than domestic sewage. These wastes are controlled by Local Governments under the trade waste laws of the Sewerage and Water Supply Act. 1.2 WHO HAS TRADE...
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...African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 2(7), pp. 287-295, July, 2007 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991- 637X © 2007 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in subsaharan Africa U.U. Gabriel1, O. A Akinrotimi2, D. O. Bekibele2, D. N Onunkwo2 and P. E. Anyanwu3 Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 2 African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B 5122, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. 3 Aquaculture Division, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 12729, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Accepted 30 May, 2007 1 Aquaculture development and growth in Africa have been on low ebb despite the vast aquatic resources that abounds on the continent. Since the introduction of aquaculture to Africa, some decades ago, there have been a lot of innovations, technological advancement and progress in the areas of genetics, seed propagation, pond construction and farm management in general. Despite breakthroughs recorded in these areas most farmers in Africa still rely heavily on imported feed ingredients and fish feeds from European countries, which makes fish farming expensive as fish feed account for at least 60% of the total cost of production. This has contributed in no small measure to the slow pace at which...
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...Water drainage techniques, materials, processes and maintenance (Name of Student) (Name of Institution) Water drainage techniques, materials, processes and maintenance Under ordinary conditions rain water seeps into the ground and forms underground water. Most of the water that falls as rain soaks into the ground or gets carried away by rivers. But in urban areas, the built environment alters the natural drainage of water, with hard surfaces increasing both the rate and amount of rainwater that turns into run-off. And it has to go somewhere. Traditional piped ‘drains’ have a limited capacity to cope with the high levels of surface water generated by extreme rainfall events. And, when the capacity of one or more parts of the drainage system is exceeded, the worst happens. For example, in the floods of June 2007, extreme rainfall in the Midlands and the north of England led to large-scale urban flooding, with over 55,000 properties affected: two thirds of these were from surface water run-off overloading drainage systems. In addition to flood risk, large amounts of surface water run-off can cause water quality problems. As water runs over hard urban surfaces, it picks up pollutants that are washed into water courses. For example, run-off from roads contains heavy metals and hydrocarbons which can seriously impact on water quality. A well planned drainage infrastructure helps to manage water run-off by preventing domestic...
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...developmental aspects. Science, Technology and Innovation Discussion Paper No. 13. Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.: Center for International Development. Ahmed, M. 1997. Fish for the poor under a rising global demand and changing fishery regime. Naga—The ICLARM Quarterly (supplement). July–December: 4–7. Ahmed, M., and M. H. Lorica. 2002. Improving developing country food security through aquaculture development—lessons from Asia. Food Policy 27: 125–141. Ahmed, M., C. L. Delgado, S. Sverdrup-Jensen, and R. A. V. Santos, ed. 1999. Fisheries policy research in developing countries: Issues, priorities and needs. Manila: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management and International Food Policy Research Institute. Allan, G. 1998. Potential for pulses. International Aquafeeds 2: 17–20. Alston, J. M., G. W. Norton, and P. G. Pardey. 1995. Science Under Scarcity: Principles and practice for agricultural research evaluation and priority setting. Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.: Cornell University Press. Anderson, J. L. 1985. Private aquaculture and commercial fisheries: Bioeconomics of salmon ranching. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 12 (4): 353–370. '(/*$'2 (7 $/ Anderson, J. L., and Q. S. W. Fong. 1997. Aquaculture and international trade. Aquaculture Economics & Management 1: 29–44. Asche, F., and S. Tveteras. 2000. On the relationship between aquaculture and reduction fisheries. Paper...
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...STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT AT TEEMARTINS AQUACULTURE, ADAZI – NNUKWU, ANAOCHA L.G.A, ANAMBRA STATE. FROM 29TH APRIL,2013 TO 29TH OCTOBER, 2013 BY IFEZUE ADAZE OLUEBUBECHI 2009032006 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMAENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE ANAMBRA STATE UNIVERSITY IGBARIAM CAMPUS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF SIWES PROGRAMME MARCH 2014 DEDICATION This I.T SIWES report is dedicated to my friends, all 500 level students of faculty of Agriculture, and to God for his protection and guidance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is my pleasure to thank and praise the most high God for his sustenance throughout my SIWES programme. I am most grateful to the CEO of Teemartins aquaculture, Mr Emeka Martins Iloghalu who made it possible for me to carry out the I.T in his farm and also for his assistance whenever I needed it and also the staff of Teemartins Aquaculture. My sincere gratitude goes to the Dean of Faculty of Agriculture Dr C.O Uzuegbunam, the HOD of Animal Science department Dr.A.O. Aniebo, my I.T supervisor Mr D.N. Igili and other members of the faculty board for their keen interest for me to acquire these skills outside the school environment. Their efforts can’t be forgotten. I also thank my lovely parents for their support and also my siblings...
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...Use of renewable energy technologies for desalination Wang Shuxian z3452701 Abstract Only about 0.25% of total fresh water, which is only 3% of total water in global world, could directly supply for the most needs of human beings and animals. Another significant impact is due to rapid population growth, causing severe fresh water scarcity. Other factors include rapid industrial growth, industrial wastes and sewage discharged and climate change. It would be feasible to overcome the water scarcity through seawater desalination; however, if seawater containing high salinity is converted to fresh water by desalination, it consumes large amounts of energy. Therefore, it is important to find suitable alternative energy resources for the desalination technology due to conventional fossil fuels crisis and environmental pollution. Renewable energy is commonly alternative energy sources considered for desalination, including solar thermal energy, solar photovoltaics, wind energy, hybrid solar PV-wind energy and geothermal. Renewable energy can power the desalination systems comprising comprise the phase change processes, which include the multistage flash, multiple effect boiling and vapour compression and membrane processes, which include reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. Finally, the paper will discuss the best renewable energy powered desalination systems. Keywords: Desalination; Renewable energy; Solar thermal energy; Solar PV energy; Wind energy; Geothermal energy 1. Introduce...
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...(CIRDAP) is a regional, intergovernmental and autonomous institution. It was established in 1979 at the initiative of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations with support from other UN organisations and donor countries/agencies. The member countries of CIRDAP are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh (host state), Fiji Islands, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The main objectives of the Centre are to: (i) assist national action, (ii) promote regional cooperation, and (iii) act as a servicing institution for its member countries for promotion of integrated rural development through research, action research, training and information dissemination. Amelioration of rural poverty in the Asia-Pacific region has been the prime concern of CIRDAP. The programme priorities of CIRDAP are set under four Areas of Concern: 1) Agrarian development; 2) Institutional/infrastructural development; 3) Resource development including human resources; and 4) Employment. Within these areas of concern, the thematic areas are: Poverty alleviation through participatory approaches with emphasis on social sector development (e.g. health, education and nutrition); Employment generation through microcredit support, infrastructure development and local resource mobilisation; GO-NGO collaboration; Gender issues; Governance issues; and Environmental concerns...
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...Running head: CASE ANALYSIS FOR INTERNATIONAL PAPER Case One: International Paper Lisa Pallock MKT 2300 September 20, 2014 1. Give some examples of how International Paper defies the common social criticisms of marketing as discussed in class. In the literature, no prices or packaging information was provided. International Paper defies common social criticisms of marketing regarding commercial noise. They do not practice aggressive advertising considering a large part of the population has yet to hear of this socially responsible organization. Also, International Paper does not experience an unnatural state due to false wants and too much materialism. They achieve this by keeping society’s welfare very close in their decision making. 2. Analyze International Paper according to the Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. The first level of the pyramid is the economic level and states be profitable. International Paper has certainly met this requirement selling $25 billion last year, placing itself in the 105 slot on the Fortune 500 list. The second level is legal responsibilities and is focused on obeying the law. This company takes many steps to aid the environment, including cutting hazardous waste 8% in a two-year period, keeping it well in line with EPA restrictions (Case Analysis, 2012). Next, be ethical. David Struhs, vice president of Environment, Health and Safety said International Paper has been routinely sharing environmental, economical...
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...ISSN 0859-600X Volume XIII No. 2 April-June 2008 Vietnamese catfish Culture-based fisheries in Lao Changing face of carp culture Providing Claims Services to the Aquaculture Industry Algae blooms Disease Large scale Weather losses Mass escape Non-compliance Pollution & Environmental contamination Predators Super chill Theft Damage to equipment, cages, moorings A global network of offices in 63 countries, provides local expertise in a rapidly growing aquaculture industry. Specialists available in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Italy, Norway, Spain, South Africa, UAE, United Kingdom and United States. For more information contact Mark Vos, tel: + 31 6 21 544 344 or markvos@crawco.nl Aquaculture Asia is an autonomous publication that gives people in developing countries a voice. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the contributors and do not represent the policies or position of NACA. Editorial Board Wing-Keong Ng M.C. Nandeesha Editor Simon Wilkinson simon@enaca.org Editorial Assistant Phinyada Sompuech Editorial Consultant Pedro Bueno NACA An intergovernmental organization that promotes rural development through sustainable aquaculture. NACA seeks to improve rural income, increase food production and foreign exchange earnings and to diversify farm production. The ultimate beneficiaries of NACA activities are farmers and rural communities. Contact The Editor, Aquaculture Asia PO Box 1040 Kasetsart Post Office Bangkok...
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...excellent candidates for aquaculture, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Tilapias live in freshwater ecosystems, but can also tolerate water that contains low levels of salt. They are most often grown in ponds, cages and rice fields. Tilapias prefer a warmer water temperature that is why it’s the second most cultured fish in the Philippines. White bean nutrition facts show a complete nutrition source that has significant amounts of essential amino acids, as well as an abundance of unsaturated fat, minerals, vitamins, and protein. Also, it contains no cholesterol and is a great source of plant protein that can substitute for meat, poultry, or other meats. For this reason, white bean is a good source of protein. Due to the high cost of commercial feeds, the researchers thought of utilizing white bean, which is a good source of protein, as main ingredient for an alternative supplemental feeds. Small quantities of fish feed can be made quite easily in the laboratory, classroom or at home, with common ingredients and simple kitchen or laboratory equipment. Fish farmers, hobbyists and anyone interested in aquaculture will not only save money but they will also ensure consistent quality of their fishes. Statement of the Problem The main concern of this research study is to determine if the white bean-based pellets are effective as supplemental feed for the growth of baby tilapia. Furthermore, the researchers will also answer the ff. questions: 1. Is there a significant...
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...Financial Prospectus Content Paper Starting a new business involves time, money, expectation, planning, and decision. New venture needs to create a business plan outlining business ideas, concepts, goals, trends, strength, and weakness. There are 7 components of a financial prospectus to put a business into motion such as: - Business description - Market analysis - Market plan - Competitor Assessment - Operating Plan - Financial Plan - Executive summary The new business venture I planned to invest would be a Shrimp Farmer. The market demands of organic food have increased the global production of freshwater shrimp farming. Shrimp has become the most popular seafood in the United States. On the other hand, consumers are becoming more conscious and concerned about the environment damage. Many shrimp farmers often use antibiotics and hormones to increase the shrimp production. The methods used before to meet the shrimp’s demands have dramatically damage environment. Now, many advances in researcher found new methods and technology that have changed the scenario. Business Description Carrillo’s Shrimp Farm would be placed in the Desert of Imperial Valley to combine the effects of the hot sun with the qualities of deep pumping well water allowing a faster growth. The shrimp would be raise in a pond with significantly depth water having as a mission a fresh, healthy, and free hormone shrimp. Since the well water rich in mineral would be...
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...Water – The India Story March 23, 2009 1 Table of Contents Summary Global Water Situation – A Snapshot Water in India Innovative Water Management Initiatives 2 Freshwater rich regions across the globe are projected to face water scarcity if current reserves are not managed effectively Global Freshwater Scenario Global Freshwater reserves are rapidly depleting and this is expected to significantly impact many densely populated areas of the world Low to middle income developing regions as well as highly developed countries will face water stress in the future, unless existing water reserves are managed effectively • Although low and middle income developing countries currently have low per capita water consumption, rapid growth in population and inefficient use of water across sectors is expected to lead to a water shortage in the future • Developed countries traditionally have high per capita water consumption and need to focus on reducing their consumption through improved water management techniques and practices By 2025, India, China and select countries in Europe and Africa will face water scarcity if adequate and sustainable water management initiatives are not implemented Freshwater Situation in India Traditionally, India has been well endowed with large Freshwater reserves, but the increasing population and overexploitation of surface and groundwater over the past few decades has resulted in water scarcity in some regions ...
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