...The lives of the plain Indians were positively affected by the technological development and government actions in the latter half of the 19th century, due to the simulation of Plain Indians in American culture in the reservation. However, the government funded transcontinental railroads; removal of Indians on to reservations, the encouragement for colonization in the west had catastrophic effect, and the effects and conflicts due to assimilation. Therefore, the negative impact by technological development would affect them for years to come. The transcontinental railroad brought unity to the United States linking the East with the West. However, this transformation was cataclysmic for the Plain Indians living the west. The federal government...
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...Kristopher Daniels The West How did the culture of the Plains Indians, specifically the Lakota Sioux, change in the late 19th century? Since the migration to reservation camps, things have changed a lot in the Lakota Sioux culture. Before the migration the Sioux were used to living off of the land, making clothing out of hides of leather and hunting for their own food. Now half of the Sioux live on reservations in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, and some in the northern part of Montana. Most of them have a hard time just trying to survive because the way they use to live was the only thing they knew and they didn’t know any other ways of getting food other than hunting. The Sioux tribe was torn apart because of their land being stripped from them by white settlers. The government, particularly President Grant, purposed and passed many treaties of peace, but wasn’t able to properly enforce them causing American military personnel and citizens to become openly hostile. These peace policies’ required Plains Indians to live in small reservations, receive a ration of food and supplies from the U.S. government, and adapt American ideals. The small reservations were built on land with soil that could not be harvested and were constantly being invaded by the surrounding white population, and corruption within the U.S. government allowed many White settlers to eventually take over reservation land, further confining the Plains Indians to a smaller and smaller territory...
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...Textile Culture Fabric Structures Warp and Weft/ The warp is stronger Plain weave fabrics Cotton and Linens: * Calico * Muslin * Batiste/lawn * Chambray * Voile Silks: * Chiffon – sheer, soft, smooth * Organza – sheer, widget, stiff silk, wedding dresses because it keeps in shape * Taffeta – Big ball gowns, yarn dyed fabric, plain weave, rustling noise, smooth to the touch * Georgette – transparent, fluent, high twist thread, springy affect, dry bouncy feeling * Crepe di chine – bouncy feeling * Habotai – it doesn’t bounce * Shantung – Horizontal slub Unbalanced plain weave fabrics Canvas/duck, poplin (summer jackets, in shoes and bags) Poplin resolves in a horizontal rib, it’s a crisp fabric, normally made of cotton, it has a crispy feel to it, Warp ribs: Always horizontal * Faille/bengaline – very thin * Ottoman – very thick, more pronounced, very compactable * Grosgrain Variations of plain weave Panama = hopsack = natté = basket weave (all the same) – difference between plain weave and basket weave, basket doubles up the structure, instead of 2 its 4 yarns – the structure looks a little rusty, often use in fine wools Oxford * Similar to basket weave * Is using not for shirting Balanced twill 2/2 Un-balanced twill – diagonal * Jeans are always un-balanced twill * Its no longer 2/2 it becomes 3/1 * Warp-face white, weft-face blue * Denim – 3/1 twill Twill Weave fabrics ...
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...proud race of very spiritual people that were later known to us as Native Americans. Native American people were indigenous to the country we now refer to as the United States of America. The Native American people will later be called the American Indian. There is documentation to show Indians have inhabited North America as far back as 150000 B.C. Native Americans are a culture of proud spiritual nations with strong values and heritage. They were once free to wonder vast lands in a quest of survival without boundaries, regulations, and politics as we know it . Native American people were broken up between tribes, bands and rancherias each with various beliefs, needs, demographics and characteristics. There was a sacred prophecy told throughout the land of the arrival of different people that would bring disease, sickness and death to the native people. In 1492 the prophecy began to show true. Christopher Columbus reports of a new world began the introduction of European colonization “white man” to this native land. The introduction of the white man to America would have lasting effect on every Native American throughout history. From the first encounters to present day Indians, life would forever be changed. One of the first European descriptions of the New World and the people who inhabit it was written in a letter to Luis de Sant Angel, Tresurer of Aragon. In this letter Columbus, C. (1493) writes I found no...
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...The nineteenth century was a time of hardship and loss for the Native Americans that included many fierce battles against the United States government in an effort to keep their homeland. Determined to maintain their culture and resist the efforts by the U.S. Army to force them onto reservations, the Plains Indians, which included the Sioux, Arapahoe, and Cheyenne tribes banded together to fight for their land. In the summer of 1876, an emboldened army of Plains Indians led by Sioux Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse fought in what is now known as the Battle of the Little Bighorn. The Indians killed Lieutenant Colonel George Custer and nearly wiped out the 7th Cavalry. Even though the Battle of the Little Bighorn was a great victory for the Native Americans it was not enough to put an end to their inevitable loss of the war against the United States for their homeland. In 1868, the United States signs the Fort Laramie Treaty with the Sioux in an effort to bring peace between the white settlers and the tribe. Under the terms of the treaty, the U.S. agrees to withdraw from...
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...Assimilate- to absorb a group into the culture of a larger population 4. Allotment- a plot of land assigned to an individual or family for cultivation 5. Little Crow- 6. Indian Peace Commission- The Indian Peace Commission proposed creating two large reservations on the Plains, one for the Sioux and another for southern Plains Indians. 7. George Armstrong Custer- commander of the Seventh Cavalry and was defeated and killed at battle of Little Bighorn 8. Ghost Dance- a ritual that celebrated a hope for day of reckoning when settlers would disappear, the buffalo would return, and Native Americans would reunite with their deceased ancestors. 9. Dawes Act- this act allowed to each head of household 160 acres of reservation land for farming; single adults received 80 acres, and 40 were allotted for children. 10. How did Native Americans respond to land lost due to white settlement of the Great Plains? They attacked them. 11. How did Chief Joseph resist the government's attempts to move the Nez Perce to reservations? They fled their homes and embarked on a flight of more than 1,300 miles. In October 1877, Chief Joseph surrendered, and his followers’ were exiled to Oklahoma 12. Why do you think the government's policy of assimilation of Native Americans was a failure? 13. List the reasons that the government's plans to move the Plains Indians onto reservations failed. 14. Assume the role of a Plains Indian affected by the assimilation policy...
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...The late 19th century marked the end of the Plains Indian Wars. The United States defeated all violent resistance by Native American people in the West and were able to succeed in their goal of Manifest Destiny, complete control of the West. By the end of the Plains Indian Wars, tribes were all living on reservations under United States government control and many aspects of their culture were damaged by the fighting. The United States, even though they won almost complete control of the West from the Plains Indian War, still wanted to push forward on the goal of having Native Americans conform to United States culture and eventually become “real Americans”. This is the same goal that the United States had about Native Americans for hundreds of years, but in the late 19th century the strategy to achieve this goal was shifting. Tactics of violence were attempted to be replaced with education, strict laws based around family and land, removal of reservations and tribal organization, and Christian beliefs. The Merrill Gates’s report emphasizes...
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...A Raisin in the Sun Latika Vick, Sharlyn Harvey, Suzette Alarcon, & Candace White BSHS/422 November 26, 2011 Tim Nolan A Raisin in the Sun A Raisin in the Sun is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry based on a colored family between WWII and the 1960’s. The family matriarch is Lena Younger, mother to Walter Lee Younger and Beneatha Younger. They reside in a Chicago Southside apartment along with Walter’s wife Ruth and son Travis. Living in a two-bedroom apartment which they share a bathroom with their neighbor is one of many obstacles the Younger family encounters. Their home is reaching capacity and they learn Ruth is pregnant. This one of many reasons the Younger family desires to move into a home in Clybourne Park. This writing will address some of the challenges the Younger family endured as a poor colored family living in Chicago and ways to address their problems. Walter Lee is the main character who battles with alcoholism, depression, discrimination, and the loss of his father. This writing will also concentrate on the Younger’s culture, beliefs, values, and religion. Cultural Issues and Problems Culture is a set of shared values, goals, practices, behaviors, and beliefs shared by a particular social, ethnic, or age groups. Lena Younger has raised her family to believe and have faith in GOD, love, and provide for family, value education, and work hard. Although she valued these things she still tried to instill values in her children. In...
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...The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868): “…prohibited any whites from entering Indian land without express permission of the Indians. Defined a reservation making up most of South Dakota and allowed the Plains Indians to hunt north of the Platt River.” Basically it sectioned off relatively small areas for the Indians to live on, and stated that as long as there are enough buffalo for them to justify hunting them they can hunt them off of the reservation. However, the white Americans had found a loophole: General Phil Sheridan even told people to lend a hand to the (white) Buffalo hunters, to give them lead and powder and to, "Let them kill, skin and sell until the buffalo is exterminated, as it is the only way to bring lasting peace and allow civilization to advance.” So that’s what they did, they hunted the buffalo to near extinction, and that’s not even the worst part; instead of making use of the...
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...Slavery shaped every facet of the daily life of those living in the old south and even those living in the Northern Stares. Focusing primarily on the Old Southern States it is easy to see that slavery heavily affected the social, economic, religious, and political aspects of old southern life. To begin, the economic effect that slavery had on the southern states were numerous. Slavery allowed for enormous profits to be made by the America. The free labor used to pick cotton and other crops made it very profitable for the plantation owners and the owners of factories in the northern states. Another economic effect was the development of the south. Because slavery made it so profitable to continue an agricultural society, the south found very little use for industry and following the example set by the North. The social effects of slavery were also varied. One of the most important was the structure of society. The South was primarily agricultural because it was so profitable. It was therefore not necessary to develop an industrial base for society. Another social effect was the racism created by slavery. This contempt created between the races was a result of the institution of slavery. The effects of this racism were perpetuated throughout society for a very long time and are seen in our not too distant past. Religion was also affected by slavery. The result of slavery on religion was the creation of new beliefs and traditions. The slaves in the south were exposed...
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...Abstract In this paper, you will understand the meaning and the interpretation of a quotation given from topics of cultural studies course book. This paper gives what the “loss of centeredness” of culture would have meant for a given cultural group, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This paper describes the Western and European cultures on Native Americans. It discusses what they were like prior to the late nineteenth century and how they changed as a result of European expansion. Last but not least, you will know how this change representative of what Sayre calls a “loss of centeredness. The term “Western Civilization” in this context means European civilization, mainly for the countries known for their exploratory expeditions which include Spain, Portugal, France, and England. Cultures such as the Native Americans, West Africans, Indians, Chinese, and so many others were invaded and occupied by these European nations. They were killed, had to change their religion to Christianity, and were sent away from their homelands. The leaders were replaced by Europeans. They looked at these conquered lands as “satellites” of their home country and encouraged the people to act as much like them as they could, or at least seem as though they were in the same culture and work for them, go to their church, and learn their place as second class citizens. After all, they were looked upon as savages and uncivilized people who needed guidance. The people inhabiting...
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...R. Sarenka Smith 13 December 2013 Race, Civil Rights, and Literature—Paper #3 Cultural Heritage Through the Creation of Art and Language: Recovering Ancestral Identity in Paule Marshall’s Praisesong for the Widow “People who can’t call their nation. For one reason or another they just don’ know. Is a hard thing. I don’ even like to think about it.” --Lebert Joseph, Praisesong for the Widow Paule Marshall’s autobiographical article “From the Poets in the Kitchen,” published a month before her novel Praisesong for the Widow, describes stories from her childhood that reflect the immigrant experience, addressing the constant presence of the Caribbean and its influence on Marshall’s life while growing up in the United States. Marshall’s mother and her female friends, immigrants from Barbados, would gather in the Marshall kitchen after their days of working in low-paid jobs to chat, gossip, and “tackle the great issues of the time” including the economy, politics, war, and their nostalgia for home. They discussed their adopted home, America—acknowledging both the racism they endured, and also the wealth of possibilities that the country offered. These women and their stories were, for Marshall, the origins of her fiction. She asserts that a writer’s ability to render everyday speech is derived from close listening, and the talk that “filled the kitchen” additionally functioned as a kind of therapeutic catharsis, a release of creative energy. The special kind of...
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...Many people get confused regarding the Mennonites and the Amish. The Mennonites men do not have beards and the women can wear dresses with patterns, plus the Mennonites use modern technology such as television, internet and use electricity in their homes along with vehicles. Whereas the Amish clothing is plain, durable fabric in solid colors, no plaid, stripes, floral or other prints. Depending on the culture of each Amish community, the men’s shirts and women’s dresses are often in attractive shades of purple, green, brown, black or blue. They believe buttons are gaudy and instead us snaps or hooks, this also depends on their communities. Amish men wear dark shoes, sock and pants with suspenders but no belts with buckles and their pants...
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...landing by the Spanish. The Georgia colony was reorganized as a royal province in 1754. In 1777 Georgia adopted its first constitution. Something that is very joyful is that the British was finally drove out of Georgia in the year of 1778. Georgia became the fourth state on 1788, January 2. Georgia was the fifth state to succeed from the Union in the year of 1861. In 1923, Georgia became the first state to allow 18-year-olds to vote. Georgia allowed all races to vote in 1961. Emory University is ranked the first university. Agnes Scott College is ranked as the best college. The culture of Georgia is that you can get a sweet tea in every restaurant. You probably won’t be able to buy alcohol on Sundays. Dragon Con is in Atlanta every year. Popular sports are basketball, football, and ice hockey. My famous person is James Carter, the 39th president . James was born on 10/1/1924, in the Plains of Georgia. James had two sisters, and one brother. His nickname...
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...a group, or an entire country and culture. Cultural dances are so precious to many civilizations, as they often contain pieces of their history and livelihood that would otherwise be lost. The American Indians are an example of this, as many tribes have looked to dance in the past as a way to convey joy, mourning, and even times of battle and war. The same is true at the roots of many people groups, as dance is a common language that unites us all on some level. The fact so much of the culture of the numerous tribes that once dominated this continent has been lost to history, makes the dances that still survive today so important, not only to continue the traditions of their ancestors, but to show the rest of the world what it means to be Native American. Like other cultural groups around the globe, Indians have their own unique style of dance that accompanies a range of rituals. Dance is the chosen mechanism of religious expression because of its potent expressive capabilities. Native American dance is a valued tradition among the first nation of North America. Because there are several different tribal groups living within the United States and Canada, each group has their own distinct Native American dance which sets them apart. To truly appreciate the amount of different tribes, someone would just have to look at the map shown below, which of course only shows major tribes, with countless minor ones each having their own distinct culture and traditional dance as well. Not...
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