Free Essay

Popular Girls - Karen Shepard

In:

Submitted By Mherrebo
Words 821
Pages 4
Popular Girls by Karen Shepard – Text Analysis

What is the result of a spoiled girl living in the city that never sleeps, absent parents and her father’s credit card? “Popular Girls” tells the story.
“Popular girls”, the title really hits the spot. And what do I mean by this? Well it’s actually quite simple. The story revolves around five, or maybe six, girls living in New York City, which is the richest city in the US, doing everything in their power to be popular. And how do they do this? Well as I said everything they possibly can. Even though they only attend tenth grade, they have become so affected by the big city life that their sense of reality has completely disappeared. They have one thing in mind, and that is becoming older and until that happens, they are doing what they can to at least seem older. They go drinking, they do drugs and they throw themselves at older boys, sleeping with them.
The text in itself is pretty hard to analyze because of the structure of the text. The first three pages is basically an environment description which is very confusing. An environment description of the girls lives. How they live and how they go about living. With every third of fourth word being a brand name, the reader fast gets ahold of the idea that, these girls are very aware of how they display themselves to the public. With almost all the attention being put on the girls posh lives, it is easy to miss the subtle contrasts in the text. There are a few times, where we are reminded of the girls actual age, and without them the reader would quickly get picture in its head, of a group of girls in their mid to late twenties instead of their actual age which is fifteen to sixteen years old. There is a contrast between the drugs they are taking and the doll collection that they own. The doll collections are a symbol of childhood and a more appropriate thing for girls of that age to do. And on the other hand the drugs symbolize adulthood, a fast pace life and danger.
The narrative angle is very complex in this story, and I haven’t seen this type of narration before. The story is written as if all of the five girls have written it together, without taking a point of view from one of the girls, but all of them. “We” is the most commonly used word to describe the girls, which gives the impression that they together are “one” or a unit if you like. At first I thought that the narrator was either one of the girls or a sixth girl. Being one of the girls wouldn’t make sense, because of the way the story is told. It mentions all of the girls with no particular point of view in one of them.
The tone of the story is very alike the girls in the story, superficial. Actually is it very cleverly written because of the way that the tone supports the personalities of the girls. The girls try to be as cool as possible, which also is reflected in the tone by being very unemotional. Another superficial feature is the way that everything they own, do or everywhere they go is described mainly by the brand name. Whether it’s a bar, miniskirt or drink it is pointed out that it is not cheap and accessible for everyone.
I my opinion there are more than one theme in this story. But if I had to pick one I would go with “Materialism”. And I choose that, because it is what the girls in the story’s lives revolve around. Stuff and appearance, nothing else. Everything the girls do is to make an impression on the outside world. Another theme of the story could be “consequences of absent parents”. Because of the effect it has on a child, when the parents work so much, that they completely forget their child. And when a child is forgotten and gets no attention, that child will seek attention somewhere else and that somewhere isn’t always the nicest place.
So what is the result of a spoiled girl living in the city that never sleeps, absent parents and her father’s credit card? Well according to Karen Shepard, exactly what you would imagine. A superficial, materialistic and attention seeking teenager with no boundaries. All in all the story plays out very stereotypical with no real storyline. You could say that it is one long description of their lives.

--------------------------------------------
[ 1 ]. Page 5, Line 10-15 – “We're tenth-graders. It's all about getting through the whole thing as fast as possible. Who wants to go through tenth grade in real time?”
[ 2 ]. Page 3, Line 27-29 ”We have doll collections our fathers add to every time they go to a foreign country….”

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Popular Girls Analysis

...Popular Girls by Karen Shephard ------------------------------------------------- We are immediately introduced to five girls in Popular Girls written by Karen Shepard. The five girls, Kaethe, Alina, CJ, Sydney and Stephanie, in Popular Girls have very few physical descriptions. They are only described by their hair as being straight and every colour but red. ------------------------------------------------- With sentences as “we do not notice you15” and “we have seen the theater teacher looking at them. We are not shocked. We are not surprised26” (about their breasts) we can assume, that they have plenty of confidence. But even though, they may seem confident on their outside, their confidence is put on the line, when they meet three men, that they are all interested in. ------------------------------------------------- Suddenly, their worth is in competition, and they see one by one, who is the most wanted. Their confidence is peeled down. ------------------------------------------------- They have an usual formation then they walk. Stephanie is always first, then comes Sydney and Alina and at last Kaethe and CJ. ------------------------------------------------- When it comes to conquest the men, they are not in the same order and position. CJ gets home with Pablo, because of CJ’s lack of consciousness. Sydney gets Gilles when they get home to the three boys, and only Antoine is left with no girl. ------------------------------------------------- “We like...

Words: 736 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Popular Girls

...Popular Girls “Popular Girls, a short story by Karen Shepard, written in 2001, about the life of 5 spoiled girls, who lives in the city that never sleeps, with absent parents and their daddy’s credit card. You’ve guessed it. It’s about “Popular Girls”. The story follows five girls living in New York City in 1982, whose lives revolve around being popular. They do everything in their power to do so. God has put them on earth to know everything about the latest fashion and trends. They have become so obsessed with the big city life, that even though they only attend tenth grade (only when they want to), that they have completely lost their sense of normality for a typical 15 to 16 year old. All they care about is, seeming older than they are, so that they can hang out with college students, drinking and do drugs. Even having sex with the college students if that’s what it takes. There is not a single line in the text giving any doubt, whether these girls “are from another world”. The first 3-4 pages is basically just a description of the girls’ life, how they act, what type of clothes they wear, the accessories that goes with it and their hatred towards everybody else at their school. “We’ve seen everything the world has to offer, and we’ve dismissed it”. With every line or so containing a brand name the reader quickly gets the idea that these girls know what they’re wearing and why they do it. God forbid anybody would think otherwise. Not only do they know how to look cool,...

Words: 1055 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Fall 2013 Physical

...[pic] AMST 100 – Introduction to American Studies Fall 2013 -- 100-01 -- 9:00 – 9:50 a.m. MWF – Information Technology 229 100-05 -- 10:00 – 10:50 a.m. MWF – Sondheim 409 Instructor: Ellen Gorman Office: Fine Arts 424 Office Hours: By appointment E-mail: elg@umbc.edu; elgorman@msn.com Required Texts Celebrity Culture and the American Dream, Karen Sternheimer The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Junot Diaz Shoplifting from American Apparel, Tao Lin It's Bigger Than Hip-Hop: The Rise of the Post-Hip-Hop Generation, M.K. Asante Films: The Social Network (Fincher 2010); Mean Girls (Waters 2004); Bomb It (Reiss 2007); Objectified (Hustwit 2009), The Bling Ring (Coppola 2013) Course Description: In this course we will engage in an interdisciplinary analysis of oral, written, visual, and material representations of American life and culture and the historical and social contexts in which they are produced and consumed. Our analyses will necessitate a survey the interplay of the popular arts and American society, using American studies interdisciplinary methodologies. The framework of the course is the development of critical thinking and writing skills. All students are encouraged to avail themselves of the free services at the University’s Writing Center, http://www.umbc.edu/lrc/writing_center.htm List of assignments and percentage of grade Formal Assignment #1/Critical Analysis 20% Formal Assignment #2/Creative Production 30% ...

Words: 1197 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Judgement Day

...Failures in the Media During Columbine Shooting Lauren Barber History of U.S. Mass Media Professor Todd Schack November 10, 2009 Judgment Day April 20, 1999 marks the day of one of the bloodiest and most horrific school shootings in American history. Until the 2007 shooting at Virginia Technical Institute, it was the worst school shooting to date. On this day, two seniors, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, entered Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado and went on a killing spree for approximately 49 minutes, leaving 24 injured and 15 dead, including themselves. The two students had been planning this attack on the school for over a year. Had their plan gone accordingly, the carnage would have been far more severe. The boys skipped their first period that day, arriving just before the lunch hour dressed in black trench coats carrying “several CO2 bombs, one semi-automatic 9mm handgun, a 9mm carbine rifle, a sawed-off 12-gauge shotgun, and a sawed-off 12-gauge pump shotgun” (“Columbine”). They were also each carrying a duffel bag containing a twenty-pound propane bomb (“Columbine”). They placed a bomb in the cafeteria, set to explode at 11:17 a.m., the time when the most students would be in one concentrated area. The homemade bomb was strategically placed in the cafeteria to blow the ceiling of the room out, bringing the library crashing down upon explosion, killing another room full of students and faculty simultaneously. The two boys would...

Words: 5077 - Pages: 21

Free Essay

Essay

...A Write an essay (900-1200 words) in which you analyze and interpret Karen Shephard’s short story “Popular Girls”. A part of your essay must focus on the narrative technique and the many references to labels and certain locations in New York City. Popular Girls  A short story by Karen Shepard    You know who we are. We're Kaethe and Alina, CJ and Sydney. Stephanie. Our hair is blonde or brown or black. Rarely red, rarely curly. It's thick and straight, and falls back into place after we run our fingers through it and hold it away from our faces long enough for you to see our striking eyes. When we do this, you get shivers. It's 1982, and we sit on the benches lining our New York private school's entrance, after classes are over and before we head home. They are old church pews, and we are from another world. Our canvas book bags mass at our feet. They're from Sweden. They come with an excess of zippers, a plastic ID tag on a small chain, and a ruler that we never use. We buy them at Chocolate Soup, on Madison, the store for cool kids. We say things like "Tenth grade is the Howard Johnson's of school life." You can sit on these benches too, but we do not notice you. Last fall we excised some of you from our group by taking you aside five minutes before chapel and saying "It just isn't working out." We see everyone who walks past us, in and out of our 200-year-old originally Episcopalian school. We sweep you with our eyes as if you were a landscape. We've seen...

Words: 3457 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Strategic Cases

...UNIVERSAL PICTURES and EMMETT / FURLA FILMS Present A MARC PLATT Production In Association with OASIS VENTURES ENTERTAINMENT LTD / ENVISION ENTERTAINMENT / HERRICK ENTERTAINMENT / BOOM! STUDIOS A BALTASAR KORMÁKUR Film PAULA PATTON BILL PAXTON JAMES MARSDEN FRED WARD and EDWARD JAMES OLMOS Executive Producers BRANDT ANDERSEN JEFFREY STOTT MOTAZ M. NABULSI JOSHUA SKURLA MARK DAMON Produced by MARC PLATT RANDALL EMMETT NORTON HERRICK ADAM SIEGEL GEORGE FURLA ROSS RICHIE ANDREW COSBY Based on the BOOM! Studios Graphic Novels by STEVEN GRANT Screenplay by BLAKE MASTERS Directed by BALTASAR KORMÁKUR –1– CAST Waitress Margie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LINDSEY GORT Roughneck #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HILLEL M. SHARMAN Robert “Bobby” Trench . . . . . . . . . DENZEL WASHINGTON Roughneck #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AARON ZELL Marcus “Stig” Stigman . . . . . . . . . . . . MARK WAHLBERG Roughneck #4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HENRY PENZI Deb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAULA PATTON CREW Earl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BILL PAXTON Admiral Tuwey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRED J. WARD Quince . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAMES MARSDEN Directed by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BALTASAR KORMÁKUR Papi Greco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDWARD JAMES OLMOS Screenplay by . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Words: 12606 - Pages: 51

Premium Essay

Book

...Educational Psychology: Developing Learners This is a protected document. Please enter your ANGEL username and password. Username: Password: Login Need assistance logging in? Click here! If you experience any technical difficulty or have any technical questions, please contact technical support during the following hours: M-F, 6am-12am MST or Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST by phone at (800) 800-9776 ext. 7200 or submit a ticket online by visiting http://help.gcu.edu. Doc ID: 1009-0001-158C-0000158D Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Professor Emerita, University of Northern Colorado University of New Hampshire ISBN 0-558-65860-1 Boston ● Columbus ● Indianapolis ● New York ● San Francisco ● Upper Saddle River Amsterdam ● Cape Town ● Dubai ● London ● Madrid ● Milan ● Munich ● Paris ● Montreal ● Toronto Delhi ● Mexico City ● Sao Paula ● Sydney ● Hong Kong ● Seoul ● Singapore ● Taipei ● Tokyo Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, Seventh Edition, by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Editor-in-Chief: Paul A. Smith Development Editor: Christina Robb Editorial Assistant: Matthew Buchholz Vice President, Director of Marketing: Quinn Perkson Marketing Manager: Jared Brueckner Production Editor: Annette Joseph Editorial Production Service: Marty Tenney, Modern Graphics, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: Megan Cochran Electronic Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc. Interior Design: Denise Hoffman, Glenview Studios Photo...

Words: 101358 - Pages: 406

Free Essay

Ihrm

...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...

Words: 58370 - Pages: 234

Free Essay

Spanning Globe

...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...

Words: 58047 - Pages: 233

Free Essay

Juriprudence

...Edited by Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Edited by Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22202 USA Tel: +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Editors : Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Cover design  Paula K. Rylands, Conservation International : Layout: Kim Meek, Washington, DC Maps [except where noted otherwise]  Kellee Koenig, Conservation International : Conservation International is a private, non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501 c (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN 978-1-934151-39-6 © 2010 by Conservation International All rights reserved. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Conservation International or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Any opinions expressed in this publication are those of the writers, and do not necessarily reflect those of Conservation International (CI). Suggested citation: Walker Painemilla, K., Rylands, A. B., Woofter, A. and Hughes, C. (eds.). 2010. Indigenous Peoples and Conservation: From  Rights to Resource Management. Conservation...

Words: 170022 - Pages: 681

Premium Essay

Why We Broke Up

...Begin Reading Table of Contents Copyright Page For Charlotte—why we got together —D.H. + M.K. In a sec you’ll hear a thunk. At your front door, the one nobody uses. It’ll rattle the hinges a bit when it lands, because it’s so weighty and important, a little jangle along with the thunk, and Joan will look up from whatever she’s cooking. She will look down in her saucepan, worried that if she goes to see what it is it’ll boil over. I can see her frown in the reflection of the bubbly sauce or whatnot. But she’ll go, she’ll go and see. You won’t, Ed. You wouldn’t. You’re upstairs probably, sweaty and alone. You should be taking a shower, but you’re heartbroken on the bed, I hope, so it’s your sister, Joan, who will open the door even though the thunk’s for you. You won’t even know or hear what’s being dumped at your door. You won’t even know why it even happened. It’s a beautiful day, sunny and whatnot. The sort of day when you think everything will be all right, etc. Not the right day for this, not for us, who went out when it rains, from October 5 until November 12. But it’s December now, and the sky is bright, and it’s clear to me. I’m telling you why we broke up, Ed. I’m writing it in this letter, the whole truth of why it happened. And the truth is that I goddamn loved you so much. The thunk is the box, Ed. This is what I am leaving you. I found it down in the basement, just grabbed the box when all of our things were too much for my bed stand drawer. Plus I thought...

Words: 57192 - Pages: 229

Premium Essay

Miss Mitchell

...Follow us on Twitter! F I F T H E D I T I O N An Introduction to Multicultural Education James A. Banks University of Washington, Seattle Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo ISBN 1-269-53060-7 An Introduction to Multicultural Education, Fifth Edition, by James A. Banks. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Vice President/Editorial Director: Jeffery Johnston Executive Editor: Linda Bishop Editorial Assistant: Laura Marenghi Senior Marketing Manager: Darcy Betts Production Editor: Karen Mason Production Project Manager: Elizabeth Gale Napolitano Manager, Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Laura Gardner Cover Art: “Sea and Sky” (013) 2003 © Marvin Oliver Artist Full Service Project Manager: Niraj Bhatt, Aptara® , Inc. Composition: Aptara® , Inc. Printer/Binder/Cover Printer: Courier Westford Text Font: ITC Stone Serif Std 10/12 Text Credits: Page 11, Stiglitz excerpt: From Stiglitz, J.E. (2012). The price of inequality: How today’s divided society endangers our future. New York, NY: Norton; page 18, Morrison excerpt: Morrison, T. (2012). Home: A novel. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf; page 26, Goncalves e Sliva excerpt: Gonçalves e Sliva, P. B. (2004). Citizenship and education in Brazil: The contribution of...

Words: 78362 - Pages: 314

Free Essay

Phsychology

...Educational Psychology: Developing Learners This is a protected document. Please enter your ANGEL username and password. Username: Password: Login Need assistance logging in? Click here! If you experience any technical difficulty or have any technical questions, please contact technical support during the following hours: M-F, 6am-12am MST or Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST by phone at (800) 800-9776 ext. 7200 or submit a ticket online by visiting http://help.gcu.edu. Doc ID: 1009-0001-191D-0000191E DEVELOPING LEARNERS JEANNE ELLIS ORMROD Professor Emerita, University of Northern Colorado EIGHTH EDITION ISBN 1-256-96292-9 Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, Eighth Edition, by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Vice President and Editorial Director: Jeffery W.  Johnston Vice President and Publisher: Kevin Davis Editorial Assistant: Lauren Carlson Development Editor: Christina Robb Vice President, Director of Marketing: Margaret Waples Marketing Manager: Joanna Sabella Senior Managing Editor: Pamela D. Bennett Project Manager: Kerry Rubadue Senior Operations Supervisor: Matthew Ottenweller Senior Art Director: Diane Lorenzo Text Designer: Candace Rowley Cover Designer:...

Words: 244561 - Pages: 979

Premium Essay

Icrc

...Leading Research DeAnne Aguirre Leila Hoteit Christine Rupp Karim Sabbagh Empowering the Third Billion Women and the World of Work in 2012 Contact Information Abu Dhabi Leila Hoteit Principal +971-2-699-2400 leila.hoteit@booz.com Beirut Ghassan Barrage Senior Executive Advisor +966-1-249-7781 ghassan.barrage@booz.com Cairo George Atalla Partner +20-2-2480-1444 george.atalla@booz.com Dubai Karim Sabbagh Senior Partner +971-4-390-0260 karim.sabbagh@booz.com Milan Luigi Pugliese Partner +39-02-72-50-93-03 luigi.pugliese@booz.com Mumbai Jai Sinha Partner +91-22-6128-1102 jai.sinha@booz.com Munich Klaus-Peter Gushurst Senior Partner +49-89-54525-537 klaus-peter.gushurst@booz.com New York Reid Carpenter Principal +1-212-551-6389 reid.carpenter@booz.com Riyadh Mounira Jamjoom Senior Research Specialist +966 1 249 7781 mounira.jamjoom@booz.com San Francisco DeAnne Aguirre Senior Partner +1-415-627-3330 deanne.aguirre@booz.com São Paulo Ivan de Souza Senior Partner +55-11-5501-6368 ivan.de.souza@booz.com Shanghai Sarah Butler Partner +86-21-2327-9800 sarah.butler@booz.com Stuttgart Christine Rupp Partner +49-711-34226-916 christine.rupp@booz.com Tokyo Akiko Karaki Senior Associate +81-3-6757-8709 akiko.karaki@booz.com Booz & Company Booz & Company 1 Booz & Company wishes to thank the experts who contributed their valuable time and insights to the Third Billion Index: • Rajnee Aggarwal, President, Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs (FIWE) • H.E. Fatima Al...

Words: 46868 - Pages: 188

Premium Essay

Mass Media

...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....

Words: 146891 - Pages: 588