...Optimal Growing Conditions for Russet Potatoes Lauren Mendoza Lab Group: Benjamin Lowe, Winifred Zee, Courtney Machac Introduction The purpose of this lab was to find the optimal growing conditions for Russet potatoes by conducting a series of experiments. Here in this experiment we will look at NaCl concentration, pH levels and wavelengths to determine which ones are more beneficial for growth of Russet Potatoes. In Lab 2.1 we looked at levels of NaCl in hopes to find the isotonic concentration for the potatoes. Plants do prefer hypotonic solutions. Plants prefer hypotonic environments because the water from its environment gets soaked up by the cells then is stored in their vacuoles. The vacuoles will apply pressure to the cell wall which...
Words: 1898 - Pages: 8
...Running head: LAB 5: INVESTIGATING AN ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTION Lab 5: Investigating an Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction September 24, 2014 Principles of Biology 120.601 Mrs. Annemarie Duncan Abstract: (Burmania) This experiment was performed in order to examine ways in which a potato catalase enzyme reacts to various assays with differing variables. To do so a baseline assay (undiluted extract and room temperature H2O2) was used within the experiment with only one other variable changed in the other assays. These variables included a boiled, frozen and then thawed, and frozen potato extract and dH2O instead of the potato extract. It was noted that the temperature and or way the potato extract was prepared effects how the enzyme with the potato will react. Therefore the results of each assay varied, suggesting there is more than one way that a catalyzed reaction can occur. Introduction: (Burmania) The main purpose for this experiment was to explore how an enzyme catalase caused a reaction to catalyze through doing various assays using potato extracts. Enzymes are catalysts that are crucial in helping to speed up reactions, and catalase is a common enzyme found in almost every living organism that is exposed to oxygen. For this experiment, potatoes were used because they were previously known to have significant catalase activity. The potato catalase was mixed with hydrogen peroxide because the catalase helps to breakdown the hydrogen peroxide which helps determine...
Words: 1565 - Pages: 7
...LAB #3: An Enzyme in Plant and Animal Tissues BACKGROUND INFORMATION Liver and other living tissues contain the enzyme catalase. This enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a harmful by-product of cellular respiration if it builds up in cells. In this lab, you will perform reactions with the enzyme catalase. OBJECTIVES: 1. Investigate the enzyme catalase in various tissues. 2. Measure the effect of changes in temperature on reaction rates of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in a controlled experiment. INTRODUCTION: What would happen to your cells if they made a poisonous chemical? You might think that they would die. In fact, your cells are always making poisonous chemicals. They do not die because your cells use enzymes to break down these poisonous chemicals into harmless substances. Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of reactions that would otherwise happen more slowly. The enzyme is not altered by the reaction. You have hundreds of different enzymes in each of your cells. Each of these enzymes is responsible for one particular reaction that occurs in the cell. In this lab, you will study an enzyme that is found in the cells of many living tissues. The name of the enzyme is catalase (KAT-uh-LAYSS); it speed up a reaction that breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic chemical, into 2 harmless substances--water and oxygen. The reaction is as follows: 2H2O2 à 2H2O + O2 This reaction is important to cells because hydrogen peroxide...
Words: 755 - Pages: 4
...The purpose of the enzyme lab conducted was to observe the chemical composition of cells. In order to do so we tested for the presence of organic molecules. Molecules are what forms when atoms bond together. Organic molecules of cells include proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are composed of smaller molecules known as monomers and polymers. Polymers are joined monomers. A chemical reaction links monomers together occurs and releases a water molecule, this is called dehydration synthesis. Hydrolysis separates polymers into monomers by using water to break bonds. Organic catalysts called enzymes are proteins that increase the speed of a chemical reaction. In the lab we used Biuret reagent to test for proteins, iodine solution to test for starch, paper to test for lipids. In the first lab, we tested for the presence of proteins in samples by using blue solution called Biuret reagent, which changes to purple when a protein is present and pinkish-purple for peptides. First test tubes were marked at 1cm and then filled to the mark with water, albumin, pepsin, and starch. Next, five drops of Biuret reagent was added to the sample, covered with Parafilm, and swirled to mix. The water remained clear, indicating the sample lacked the presence of proteins, and thus was our negative control. The albumin sample observed changed to an orange-purple color, indicating the presence of protein. The peptin sample changed to a pink-purple hue, testing positive for presence of peptides...
Words: 1676 - Pages: 7
...Biology 61 Lab Report Fall 2017 The Testing of Inhibitors for the Prevention of Fruit Browning Caused by PPOs Name: Jennae Fenton ID:989289378 Lab Code: R2 Purple Honor code compliance On my honor, I indicate with my personal signature that the work presented here is my own, and has not been plagiarized from another student or another source, in accordance with the honor code of University of the Pacific. (Please sign by typing your name or pasting an electronic signature if you have one) Signature: Jennae Fenton Date: 10/12/17 Abstract: The enzyme catechol oxidase is a protein that produces benzoquinone when the substrate catechol binds to the enzyme. This is commonly referred to as browning. How quickly produce spoils...
Words: 1441 - Pages: 6
...Effects of Changes in Temperature, pH and Enzyme Concentration on Enzymatic Activities 1. Introduction Enzymes are biological catalysts that are protein. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions and metabolism in the body of organisms. They are specific in their action that means a certain enzyme will only speed up a certain reaction involving a specific substrate to bring about a specific product. Enzymes work on a key and lock mechanism where substrates are linked to their active sites. Enzymes reduce the activation energy required for reactions thus ensuring that reactions are more efficient in the sense that they use the least possible activation energy. Since enzyme are protein nature, changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and pH affects the structure of the enzyme’s active site and thus the activity of the enzyme which in turn affects the reaction in which the enzyme participates. Equally, the rate of enzyme activity is affected by the relative concentration of enzyme and substrate in the reaction mixture. This experiment investigates how the changes in temperature, pH and enzyme concentration affect the enzymatic activity of catecholase in potato juice extract (Biology 107 Lab Manual, 2011-2012 ed.) The presence of polyphenoloxides (PPO) in fruits and vegetables is one of the causes of change in color. Color is one of the most important attributes of food both for its aesthetic value and for quality. Minimally processed fruits and vegetables are...
Words: 490 - Pages: 2
...concentration of an enzyme will cause a change in the initial rate of reaction. I worked with three other people and split different tasks between ourselves. This experiment required a lot of safety measures to be taken. Safety: Goggles were needed for the experiment to avoid contact with eyes as we were using hydrogen peroxide which is corrosive, and hot water. Lab. Coats were a necessity in order to avoid the risk of getting the corrosive and possibly irritating substance on our clothes, which may seep through to the skin and cause an allergic reaction or burning. Extra safety required when using the “cork borer” as it is a sharp object which may pierce through the skin in the process of cutting a cylinder of the potato. Hypothesis: My hypothesis was that as the concentration of the enzyme increases so will the rate of reaction as there is more molecules available allowing more collisions to occur in a shorter period of time. The rate of the reaction will be measure by the amount of oxygen produced when the enzyme reacts with the solution. Apparatus - Potato (enzyme) - Hydrogen peroxide solution - Buffer solution - boiling tube - Bung and Delivery tube - Measuring cylinder - Thermometer - Cork Borer - scalpel - white tile - Water baths - Stopwatch - 10cm3 syringe barrel - Ruler - Clamp Stand Method: Step 1: Join the boiling tube to the 10cm3 syringe barrel via delivery tube. Step 2: Use the cork borer to produce a potato cylinder from the potato by inserting...
Words: 655 - Pages: 3
... |Liow Yi Sheng | | |Foo Yong Hao | |Practical Group |P13 | |Date of lab class |13/7/2015 | |Program |Foundation in Science | |Unit code |FHSB1214 | |Unit description |Biology I | |Year and trimester of study |2015, Trimester 1 | |Title of lab report |Investigation of the effects of different catalytic conditions on hydrogen peroxide | | |decomposition | |Lecturer’s name |Ms.Ting Jen Ching...
Words: 1476 - Pages: 6
...Title: The effect of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide on the rate of reaction of catalase from potato Focus question: How will the concentration of the substrate hydrogen peroxide affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase. Apparatus/Materials: Goggles, Lab coat, Potato, Core, 100mL beaker, Hose and stopper, Different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (3.0%, 6.0% and 9.0%), Gas collecting tube Variables: Dependent variable: (1) rate of oxygen production Independent variable: (1) Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (3.0%, 6.0% and 9.0%) Controlled variable: (1) The size and mass of the potato slices (2) The amount of time each experiment was left (3) The volume of hydrogen peroxide placed in the cylinder (4) The size of the test tubes (5) Temperature was left constant at room temperature (optimum temperature for catalase) Procedure: 1. The lab coat and googles were put on 2. A potato was sliced into two equal pieces using a core 3. The potato slices was placed into a test tube 4. The gas collection tube was completely filled with water and placed into a 100mL beaker which was also filled with water. 5. The hose in the ‘stopper and hose’ was placed in the gas collection tube 6. 10 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide was added and the stopper was immediately attached to the test tube as seen in the diagram below 7. The amount of oxygen produced was measured every minute for five minutes 8. Observations...
Words: 824 - Pages: 4
...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
Words: 22060 - Pages: 89
...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
Words: 22060 - Pages: 89
...oxidative catalyst enzyme that is found in all organisms that require oxygen or can survive in its presence. Catalase is an enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water (Everything Bio, 2007). Catalase is found in large amounts in the liver and serves as the liver’s cleansing function. Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless, dense liquid that is often used as bleach or is diluted with water for use as an antiseptic (Science, 2010). Hydrogen peroxide causes processes similar to rusting. Metals rust as they react with oxygen and such molecules that cause rusting. Oxidative reactions can occur in plant or animal tissues if oxidative molecules are present. These anti-oxidants prevent tissue from oxidizing by aborting oxidizing molecules like hydrogen peroxide. Catalase is one of these anti-oxidant molecules. When the catalase comes in contact with hydrogen peroxide, it turns the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen gas (O2). Catalase does this extremely efficiently, up to 200,000 reactions per second (How Stuff Works, 2013). The purpose of this experiment is to test the effect of catalase on hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures. My hypothesis is that the beaker with room temperature water will produce a higher level of bubbles showing that catalase is in high frequency at this temperature. Methods Performing the lab was as fun as it was simple. The materials that were needed include: a potato, hydrogen peroxide...
Words: 861 - Pages: 4
...What is the function of enzymes in a living system? Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions necessary for life. Without them certain vital processes would not take place and the body would be unable to function. Difference enzymes work better under different conditions. Where in a human body might it be beneficial to have enzymes work in very acidic environments? In areas, like the stomach, that have a pH of two would benefit by having enzymes that function well in acidic environments. An example of such an enzyme is pepsin. There is a large amount of catalase found in a human liver. Does the liver break down more hydrogen peroxide in the summer or winter? Explain your answer. More hydrogen peroxide will be broken down in the summer compared to the winter because higher body temperatures equals more enzyme activity. Many enzymes end with “ase”. Come up with your own enzyme, then name and explain what this enzyme does. Draw the enzyme and the substrate in the space provided below along with the enzyme-substrate complex. My enzyme would be olestrase. It would break down the lipid olestra and make it usable for the human body. Recent advances have allowed humans to mass-produce certain enzymes. Research one such enzyme and explain how this enzyme has been used to benefit society. Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring substance which has properties potentially beneficial for preventing cellular damage during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It plays...
Words: 849 - Pages: 4
...Enzyme Lab INTRODUCTION: What would happen to your cells if they made a poisonous chemical? You might think that they would die. In fact, your cells are always making poisonous chemicals. They do not die because your cells use enzymes to break down these poisonous chemicals into harmless substances. Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of reactions that would otherwise happen more slowly. The enzyme is not altered by the reaction. You have hundreds of different enzymes in each of your cells. Each of these enzymes is responsible for one particular reaction that occurs in the cell. In this lab, you will study an enzyme that is found in the cells of many living tissues. The name of the enzyme is catalase (KAT-uh-LAYSS); it speeds up a reaction which breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic chemical, into 2 harmless substances--water and oxygen. The reaction is: 2 H2O2 ----> 2 H2O + O2 This reaction is important to cells because hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced as a byproduct of many normal cellular reactions. If the cells did not break down the hydrogen peroxide, they would be poisoned and die. In this lab, you will study the catalase found in liver cells. You will be using chicken or beef liver. It might seem strange to use dead cells to study the function of enzymes. This is possible because when a cell dies, the enzymes remain intact and active for several weeks, as long as the tissue is kept refrigerated. MATERIALS: 1molar HCl solution 1molar NaOH...
Words: 1103 - Pages: 5
...Lab Manual Introductory Biology (Version 1.4) © 2013 eScience Labs, LLC All rights reserved www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487 2 Table of Contents: Introduc on: Lab 1: Lab 2: Lab 3: Lab 4: The Scien fic Method Wri ng a Lab Report Data Measurement Introduc on to the Microscope Biological Processes: Lab 5: Lab 6: Lab 7: Lab 8: Lab 9: The Chemistry of Life Diffusion Osmosis Respira on Enzymes The Cell: Lab 10: Lab 11: Lab 12: Lab 13: Lab 14: Lab 15: Cell Structure & Func on Mitosis Meiosis DNA & RNA Mendelian Gene cs Popula on Gene cs 3 4 Lab Safety Always follow the instruc ons in your laboratory manual and these general rules: eScience Labs, LLC. designs every kit with safety as our top priority. Nonetheless, these are science kits and contain items which must be handled with care. Safety in the laboratory always comes first! Lab Prepara on • • Please thoroughly read the lab exercise before star ng! If you have any doubt as to what you are supposed to be doing and how to do it safely, please STOP and then: Double-check the manual instruc ons. Check www.esciencelabs.com for updates and ps. Contact us for technical support by phone at 1-888-ESL-Kits (1-888-375-5487) or by email at Help@esciencelabs.com. • Read and understand all labels on chemicals. If you have any ques ons or concerns, refer to the Material Safely Data Sheets (MSDS) available at www.esciencelabs.com. The MSDS lists the dangers, storage requirements, exposure treatment...
Words: 26048 - Pages: 105
