...Hydroelectric is a form of energy that’s used as a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric power plants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other power plants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of power plants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability...
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...in Central America, located north of Columbia and south of Costa Rica. It is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. In both the east and west there are mountain ranges which develop into hills and dense jungle in the central part of Panama. Temperatures range from tropical and humid in the lower lying areas, to cool and pleasant in higher altitudes. The coasts are primarily lowlands with smaller islands located just off shore. The Panama Canal divides the country in half and connects the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. The population is about 3.5 million. The majority of the population is mestizo, 70%, which is a person with mixed European and Indian ancestry. The rest of the population is 14% West Indian, 10% white, and 6% indigenous. The indigenous population is composed of seven distinct groups which are the Kuna, Embera, Waounan, Ngobe, Bugle, Nassau, and Terribe people. The majority of the population lives in urban areas, with more than half the population living in the Panama City-Colon metropolitan corridor. The Roman Catholic faith is Panama’s predominant religion. Spanish serves as the official language but English is widely used in business and is spoken by most West Indians. About 75% of Panama’s income comes from the Panama Canal, banking, the Colon Free Zone, insurance companies, harbor dues, flagship registry, and tourism. Panama has varied natural resources which include mahogany forests, copper, shrimp and hydropower. Even though the Balboa is...
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...Clicking Clean: How Companies are Creating the Green Internet April2014 greenpeace.org For more information contact: enquiries@greenpeace.org Lead Author: Gary Cook, Greenpeace Co-Authors: Tom Dowdall, Greenpeace David Pomerantz, Greenpeace Yifei Wang, Greenpeace Editor: David Pomerantz, Greenpeace Creative Direction & Design by: Arc Communications Published in April 2014 by Greenpeace Inc. 702 H Street, NW Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20001 United States greenpeace.org 2 Contents Executive Summary 5 Company Scorecard 7 Cloud Source 9 Global Energy Snapshot 13 The Cloud’s Next Stop: China 17 The Road Map to a Green Internet 19 Your Online World: Green IRL, or #dirty? 25 Green Internet Leaders and Best Practices 29 Where the Cloud Touches the Ground -- Map: Global Data Center Hot Spots -- Map: US Data Center Hot Spots -- US Regional Profiles 35 36 38 40 Appendix 1: Methodology 42 Appendix 2: Company Scores Explained 44 Appendix 3: Company Data Center Facilities and Estimates of Power Demand 64 Notes 78 03 4 © Frank van Biemen / EvoSwitch / Greenpeace Greenpeace USA Clicking Clean: How Companies are Creating the Green Internet Executive Summary Executive Summary For the estimated 2.5 billion people around the world who are connected to the internet, it is impossible to imagine life without...
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...luxury we expect in life. We flip our light switches, charge our cell phones, and turn on our TVs with no thought as to how we our able to enjoy this so called luxury of power. As with most luxuries in life, electricity bears a cost. Yes, monthly we are billed for our household usage by the kilowatt, but there are other costs we’ve neglected to consider. Duke Energy, the largest electrical power holding company in the United States, plead guilty to nine violations of the Federal Clean Water Act in a hearing held this past May, which culminated in a fine of $102 million. The violations resulted from a spill of about 39,000 tons of coal ash due to a collapsed pipe under a coal ash dump that coated 70 miles of the Dan River near Eden, North Carolina with sludge. Coal ash is the inorganic residue left behind when pulverized coal is burned to produce electricity. Coal ash is one of the largest types of industrial waste generated in the United States and in 2012 the nation’s coal plants generated nearly 10 1milloin tons of it. A little less than half of coal ash produced in the United States is recycled into products like concrete, pavement or wallboard. However, the rest is stored, in over 2,000 storage sites across the country, in landfills, quarries or ponds that, over time, accumulates to potentially millions of tons of coal ash that contains some of the world’s deadliest toxic metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium. These contaminants can pollute, groundwater...
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...Chile Compared to the United States United States Chile Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru. Total Land: 756,102 sq. km Coastline: 6,435 km Terrain: Low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east Climate: Temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south. Border Countries: Argentina 5,308 km, Bolivia 860 km, Peru 171 km Notes: * the longest north-south trending country in the world. * Atacama Desert - the driest desert in the world - spreads across the northern part of the country. * The crater lake of Ojos del Salado is the world's highest lake (at 6,390 m). Natural Advantages: Natural Disadvantages: Severe earthquakes; Active volcanism; Tsunamis * Volcanism - significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (elev. 5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (elev. 3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations. Population Ethnicity * Total Population: 17, 067,369 (July ’12 est.) Religion Age Structure Notes * Literacy Rate: 95.7% * Average Life Expectancy:...
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...[pic] TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE BPB 2212 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT “INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY” NAMA : SURIANI BT NOOR ZAIDY NO. MATRIK : CP090002 LECTURER’S NAME : DR ALINA BT SHAMSUDDIN INTRODUCTION Technology is very important today. Believes or not our lives are now surrounded by technology. Try think how would you cook your food? Would you use a microwave? How would you eat your food? Do you think you could use a plastic cup to drink your milk? How would you go from one city to the next? Could you get on a train or would you have to walk or ride a horse? How would you send a message to your mom telling her you’ll be late for dinner? Can you email her or call her on your cell phone? How would you get your clothes? Can you shop at a 21st century mall, or on the internet? And what would your clothes be made of? Many of the items you use today are a result of technology. Your cell phone, microwave oven, washing machine, and plastic cup are all the result of scientific discoveries combined with engineering that have allow people to invent products that have improved the way people live. Technological advances have improved our health, the food we eat, the clothes we wear, how we travel, and how we communicate with one another. There are a few drawbacks to some aspects of technology (such as pollution) but overall technology has greatly improved many aspects of living for most people. So, try to think about how people live without the technology today...
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...1 Green Data Center Mohit Ramchandani N 13853554 Kaushal Panchal ABSTRACT The word “green technologies” represent the issues that are being currently addressed as Global warming and the increase of toxic waste generated by electronic devices. The Data centers are energy hogs which, represent about 25 % of total fixed corporate assets, and 50 % of overall IT budgets. People feel that sustainability is the right and the smart thing to for designing and operating a productive data center, for betterment of our environment. The mission-critical operational efficiency and stability is boosted and not sacrificed by Greening a data. A green data center is provided, which comprises: a utility power source for providing utility power, a facility electrically connected to the utility power source, a renewable energy provider electrically connected to the facility for providing renewable energy, an IT equipment electrically connected to the renewable energy provider. A heat transfer system having a circulating coolant, wherein the heat transfer system captures and transfers taste heat generated by the computer IT equipment and transfers heat from the heated coolant to at least one of the utility power source, for the IT equipment. The power consumption of the green energy data center system is half that of a conventional data center, and green energy accounts for another half for driving. The data center is green and energy saving, and also the profit margin of the...
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...The Lauder GLobaL business insiGhT reporT 2014 rebalancing the Global economy Lauder-Report-2014.indd 1 12/18/13 12:07 PM Introduction The Lauder GLobaL business insiGhT reporT 2014 rebalancing the Global economy In this special report, students from the Joseph H. Lauder Institute of Management & International Studies examine current trends and recent developments shaping today’s global marketplace. The articles cover a wide variety of topics ranging from technology, innovation and brand building to infrastructure, entrepreneurship and social impact. A section on consumer markets looks at the popularity of e-cigarettes in France and elsewhere, efforts by Japanese firms to expand their businesses into Asia, new trends in French gastronomy, changes in Japan’s traditional food-consumption habits, and how a sector of the Chinese population is spreading, and spending, its newfound wealth. The report offers an analysis linking market-driven strategies with social impact in Peru and Colombia, as well as an article describing South Carolina’s embrace of innovative research. Other articles look at the Russian government’s attempt to reboot the city of Skolkovo as an innovation hub, the mixed success of innovation efforts in China, and the growing threat of cybercrime to businesses across the world. The challenges of infrastructure and planning are addressed in analyses of transportation in areas of Latin America, deficiencies in Brazil’s infrastructure, and real estate’s...
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...Nigerian History and Current Affairs April 2013 Vol. 3.9 Origination, Information and Statistics Current Ministers as @ April 2013 Top Officials in Government States Data and Governors Addresses of Federal Ministries Addresses of State Liaison Offices Past and Present Leaders 1960 -2013 Foreign Leaders 1921 - 1960 Natural Resources Tourist Attractions Exchange Rate History Memorable events - 800BC to April 2013 Political Parties Map of Nigeria Addresses of Federal Ministries Government Websites Local Government Areas Tertiary Institutions Important Abbreviations Sports Info Traditional Ruler Titles Civil War Events Memorable Dates Brief Biography of Notable Nigerians Web Diary General Knowledge Quiz Downloadable from www.promong.com Compilation by www.promong.com Promoting brands nationwide …more than 10,000 monthly downloads !!! 2 Contents Nigeria Origination, Information and Statistics………………..…………………………………………………………………………….3 States and Their Natural Resources...................…………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Tourist Attraction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 Anthem, Pledge, Coat of Arms and National Flag……………………………………………………………………………………………9 Senate Presidents,Foreign Leaders, Premiers of the 1st Republic…………………………………………………………………..9 Inec Chairmen, Govenors of the 2nd Republic.………………………………………………..……….………………………………….10 Historical value of the Us dollar to the Naira……………………………………………………………...
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...Barbados Barbados is a North American sovereign island country located in the Caribbean. The capital of this state is Bridgetown. This state raised its head as an independent state in 1966 after being a Colony of the British Empire for almost 350 years. Category | Fact | Category | Fact | 1.Size | 439 Square km | 4.Religion | Christianity | 2.Population | 277,821 | 5.Currency | Barbadian Dollar | 3.Language | Barbadian | 6.GDP Rate | $16,653 | The main resources of Barbados are Petroleum, Fish, Natural gas, Sugarcane etc. The national symbols of Barbados are Neptune's trident, pelican, and Red Bird of Paradise flower (also known as Pride of Barbados). In Barbados Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the State and represented locally by Governor General which is at present Elliott Belgrave. These two heads are advised by the Prime Minister of Barbados who is also the Head of the Government on matters of Barbadian state. The current Prime Minister of Barbados is Freundel Stuart. ...
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...The Uncertainty and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power NE 471 Dr.Chang South Carolina State University ANTRON CALDWELL ABSTRACT The future global economy is likely to consume increasing amounts of energy considering the increasing demand for cheap, clean and reliable energy from developing countries such as India and China. Though there are technologies capable of supplying this energy these energy sources come at the expense of increased ozone damaging CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions are believed to be a significant contributor to the rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate known as global warming. In the United States electric power plants emit about 2.2 billon tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year, which is about 40% of the nation’s total carbon emissions (NRDC, 2014). It is generally accepted by climate scientist that if annual carbon emissions are not reduced by at least 80% by the year 2030 then there will be an increase of greater than 2°C (35.2°F) which is considered an acceptable safe level or approximately 4°C (39.2°F) by the year 2100 in the Earth’s climate temperature (Carrington, 2013). These increases in the Earth’s temperature would be catastrophic, however measures taken by the government through the Clean Air Act to regulate emissions from stationary and mobile sources, and groups such as the National Resource Defense Council (NRDC) have somewhat reduced the emissions from stationary sources such as power plants and mobile sources such...
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...Published by the Ecological Society of America Number 10, Winter 2003 Issues in Ecology Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems Issues in Ecology Number 10 Winter 2003 Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems SUMMARY Fresh water is vital to human life and economic well-being, and societies extract vast quantities of water from rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers to supply the requirements of cities, farms, and industries. Our need for fresh water has long caused us to overlook equally vital benefits of water that remains in stream to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems. There is growing recognition, however, that functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems provide many economically valuable commodities and services to society. These services include flood control, transportation, recreation, purification of human and industrial wastes, habitat for plants and animals, and production of fish and other foods and marketable goods. Over the long term, intact ecosystems are more likely to retain the adaptive capacity to sustain production of these goods and services in the face of future environmental disruptions such as climate change. These ecosystem benefits are costly and often impossible to replace when aquatic systems are degraded. For this reason, deliberations about water allocation should always include provisions for maintaining the integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Scientific evidence indicates that aquatic ecosystems can be protected...
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...June 1, 2014 Meira Kumar on her last day in office till the appointment of a Pro term Speaker for the Lok Sabha on 31 May 2014. Who was appointed as Lok Sabha’s Pro term Speaker? – Kamal Nath, the senior Congress leader (Kamal Nath is the senior-most leader of the Lok Sabha and has won from Chhindwara in Madhya Pradesh for the ninth time) 1) Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 31 May 2014 abolished all the Empowered Groups of Ministers (EGoMs) and Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and told Ministries and departments to take decisions on pending matters. How many EGoMs and GoMs were working on different issues that have now been abolished? – 30 (These include 9 EGoMs and 21 GoMs. These EGoMs and GoMs were constituted during the UPA regime of Manmohan Singh and were formed to take decisions on issues like corruption, inter-State water disputes, administrative reforms and gas and telecom pricing. EGoMs had the power to take decisions on the line of the Union Cabinet. The recommendations of the GoMs were placed before the Cabinet for a final call) 2) The Chief Executive of Lok Sabha Television (LSTV) Rajiv Mishra was sacked from his post by Meira Kumar, the Speaker of the 15th Lok Sabha, on 30 May 2014. This sacking was done by 3) India lost in its first tie of the 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup that started from 31 May 2014. India lost to Belgium by 2-3 to start its campaign on a losing note. This World Cup is being held at – The Hague, Netherlands (The 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup is...
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...global trends in sUstainable energy investment 2010 Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency United nations environment Programme Endorsed by Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme and New Energy Finance, 2010 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer United Nations Environment Programme: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Bloomberg New Energy Finance: The information contained in this publication is derived from carefully selected public...
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...PV StatuS RePoRt EUR 24807 EN - 2011 The Institute for Energy provides scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of community policies related to energy. Special emphasis is given to the security of energy supply and to sustainable and safe energy production. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy Contact information Address: Via Enrico Fermi 2749 TP 450 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy E-mail: arnulf.jaeger-waldau@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +39 0332 789119 Fax: +39 0332 789268 http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu www.jrc.ec.europa.eu PV Status Report 2011 Research, Solar Cell Production and Market Implementation of Photovoltaics July 2011 Arnulf Jäger-Waldau European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, Renewable Energy Unit Via Enrico Fermi 2749; TP 450 I – 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia EUR 24807 EN Legal notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The report does not represent any official position of the European Commission, nor do its contents prejudge any future Commission proposals in any areas of Community policy. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64900 EUR 24807 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20171-4 ISSN 1831-4155 doi 10.2788/87966 The report...
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