...Introduction In my final paper I will be discussing the health inequality in the social stratification in Canada and how our socioeconomic status can affect our health to be good or poor. Our health is determined by society and what level of power, authority and accomplishment that people achieve in the social hierarchy. In my essay I will be addressing and comparing the health inequalities people in different scale in the social economic face when it comes to income, education, housing, transportation, employment and health service. These are just the few things that effect our ability of achieve good health. I will also explain how race and immigrants can also determines inequalities, when it comes to their health, especially people of color...
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...a large extent, the government is the protagonist in assisting remedy colonial injustice due to their authority and power. In this essay, I will state the remediation strategies for colonial injustice, especially in social...
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...Social class Murray Chapter 8 July 3rd – 2nd exam- Tuesday June 21st class cancelled Social class and stratification in Canada Essay topics 1250 words, 5-10 references 1. Sociological Imagination” of your life, gender, family, ses, ethnic, migration 2. Sociological Analysis of a current event Toronto star – police violence, poverty , loss ofmanufacturing jobs 3 other topics of personal interest or HR Interest Annotated bibliography due July 10l 50 – 150 words on 4 research sources; proposal includes theses and outline What does sociology know about this Chapter focus: how are the lives of Canadians affected by social inequality how do prestige , power and wealth determine socialclass? What roles does occuptational structure play in a functionalist perspective What is social stratification? the hierarchical arragngement of a large social groups based on their control over basic resources “Life changes” the extent to which individuals have access to important societal resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education and health (102) Stratification systems are described as being closed or open closed: the boundaries between levels in the hierarchies of social stratification are rigid and peoples position are set by ascribed status Open: the boundaries between levels in the hierarchies of social stratification are flexible and may be influenced (positively and negatively) by people’s achieved status Social mobility the movement of individuals...
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...the cause of the unrest was the moral decay of ‘a feral underclass’ (Scrambler; Grover 2011) However, many of such explanations tend to be mostly speculative and they often fail to provide a consistent account of the causes of the riots based on solid evidence (the LSE/theguardian, 2011, Solomos, 2011). Against this background this essay attempts to disentangle the motives of the London 2011 riots, by focusing on the relations of causality between factors and events that led to the burst of the unrest. It argues that urban social inequalities as well as uneven processes of exclusion and inclusion of a marginalised class are the main factor underlying the disturbances. Yet this essay claims that these riots need also to be analysed in the very specific context in which they have arisen: the financial crisis, a society which is becoming increasingly consumerist in its orientation, the disputable role of the police, loss of faith in the political class and hopelessness towards the future amongst the urban youth. In the first part this essay analyses inequality indicators and trends embracing the multidimensional nature of social inequality (Bradley, 1996)....
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...significant increase interest on the issue of globalization within public health, although a contested one, since authors on public health are still undecided not only on the exact conclusion on the impact of globalization on public health, whether bad or good, but also as to whether globalization has actually cemented its place in the public health lexicon. Nevertheless, it is know that a broad-based public health should take note of significant economic, political and social changes that determine and shape people’s health, and this definitely will call for a proper theoretical approach to globalization in understanding the nature of these contemporary economic, political and social changes (Stuart McClean in Orme et. al. 2007). This essay will describe the relationship between globalization and public health. It will first begin, by exploring history of Globalization to suggest how long this relationship has existed. Secondly, it will discuss about various concepts and perception on globalization, so as to arrive at some of its multiple definitions. Thirdly, public health shall be define in its global context. The fourth discussion will be identifying the determinants of health in a global context. The link between...
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...enough to help the poor. According to research, major problems are affecting global efforts in eradication of poverty by increased the price of basic need, which the poor cannot afford. If this problem is going to continuously happened, the amount of poor will increase. It is happening in Africa and Asia, where millions of people die every day which caused by problems like hunger and lack of medical care. Western countries are defined as the country that located at western hemisphere affairs such as United Kingdom, Europe, Canada, and America (Worldatlas, year unknown). These countries organise various projects to eradicate these issues so that poverty can be solved. Global poverty is defined as a lack of material wealth needed to maintain existence (The Three Dictionary,2011). This essay will seek to argue that western countries are doing enough to fight global poverty. These will be referenced on the three areas of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, improving the supply of medicine to those in need and providing education to young children. To begin with, western countries are doing enough to fight global poverty because they are eradicating hunger. Western countries provide food and daily needs for the poor through funding or organization like Millennium Development Goals by the United Nations. Around the world more than 2.5 billion of poor live in grinding poverty on less than $2 a day (the UN Works for People and the Planet, 2011). According to the “8 Goals For Africa...
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...Contemporarily, global inequality means the extent to which income and wealth is distributed in an uneven manner among the world’s population. With international trade, more wealth is gradually being transferred from poor areas to others. As a result of this influx, the well-off are enjoying luxury yachts, private aircrafts, upscale restaurants and so forth, while only for the bread of every meal are the impoverished working around clock. A rising number of poor people are suffering from extreme poverty, injustice and illness. The most critical problems are those associated with global inequality. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the problems of global inequality, including its causes, and to identify solutions, providing reasons that support these solutions. Section 1: The global inequality, mainly referring to the increasing gap between the poor and rich nations, is an inevitable problem driven by globalization. The number of people whose daily wages were less than 2 USA dollars rose by 350 million around the world during the past ten years (APEC Study Centre n.d., para.1). One of the most significant problems is “the gap in incomes …has grown from 30 to 1 in 1960 to 82 to 1 in 1995” (APEC Study Centre n.d., para.1). According to another report, “the richest 85 people in the world are worth more than the poorest 3.5 billion” (Global Wealth Report 2003). Additionally, the richest one fifth of the world’s population had approximately 78% of the word GDP (Gross Domestic...
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...Increased Poverty Although the concept of globalization is very recent, it has existed throughout the history. Globalization began to take greater height from the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago in England which was the most developed countries in the world. Technological and political changes have changed the meaning of globalization. Today, the term globalization is defined as “the process enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communications. It is the social, political and economic integration that comes with the increased flow of trade, people, capital, and ideas” (Steger). The purpose of this essay is to show how globalization has increased poverty and affected some countries and people’s lives. While many people argue that globalization has reduced poverty; others, has disagree because there are facts that show clearly how the rate of poverty has increased. According to Sachs, Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University, poverty is the result of “low productivity per worker, which reflects poor health, lack of job-market skills, patchiness of infrastructure (roads, power plants, utility lines, shipping ports), and chronic malnutrition” (Sachs). In many countries, the economic situation is going from bad to worse. Poverty has been rising steadily “from 21% in 1984 to 40% in 2002” (Nissanke). Sachs said that every day more than 20 000 die of dire poverty, for want...
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...Hayden Landry 250 868 235 Prof. Narain Preferential Health Care Health is a very important aspect of our everyday lives. The health of an individual and a nation are crucial to the continued progression of said persons, for without our health, we are all but useless. In this essay I seek to examine the benefits of the public healthcare system over it’s private counterpart, not only in Canada, but any country attempting to utilize their society to the fullest. I will argue that the welfare-state liberalistic approach is much better because it seeks to pool the resources of the many and regulate/distribute it to the few in dire need, hopefully resulting in a diminishing number of sick and homeless. I begin my essay by highlighting the importance and function of both the welfare state liberalist’s public heath care and the neoconservative private health care. My argument stands on the grounds that public healthcare in Canada is more tenable because it works for the common good of all people, regardless of socioeconomic class while also placing a primary focus on efficiency, instead of profitability. A viable counterargument is that most working people do not find it ‘fair’ to have their hard-earned money taken to support the lazy or poor(welfare), although in reality the vast majority of these ‘lazy’ poor people or those outside of a private healthcare system are not in the position out of free will. As we examine the positives and negatives of both systems it becomes increasingly...
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...ESSAY Role of poverty benchmark as a component of equity and redistribution policy TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Absolute Poverty 3 3. Relative Poverty 4 4. Re-distribution of Income – Role of Poverty Benchmark in it 5 5.1 Education Policies 5 5.2 Taxation and Transfers 6 5.3 Minimum Wages 7 5. Drawbacks in using Poverty Benchmark for Redistribution Policies 7 6. Should Governments Focus on inequality? Or Poverty? My Reflections 8 7. Conclusions 9 8. Bibliography 9 Role of Poverty Benchmark as a component of Equity and Re-distribution Policy 1. Introduction How do you define poverty? It is a complex phenomenon influenced many factors. So there are many different ways to describe it. In general terms, idea of poverty is that if you can’t afford basic needs, you are poor. Yet, identifying such basic needs is bit complicated. Normally those are identified as items related to food, clothing and shelter. However, Amartya Sen (1983) states that basic needs are best understood capabilities such as to be free from decease, to travel; transportation, to be educated; schooling. Marshall Sahlins (1974) argues that poverty is a social status. When benchmarking poverty, there are two main classifications. Those are Absolute Poverty and Relative Poverty. Both of these types are based on income of the people rather than other social factors. ...
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...of poverty The World Bank states: “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being ill and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having the ability to go to school and not being able to read. Poverty is being in unemployment. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.” (World Bank, as cited in Lang 2007, p.31). More than three billion people live on less than $2.50 a day which is approximately half the world’s population. In 2005, the developing world had about 72 million children of primary school age not enrolled in school; of this 72 million, 57 percent of them were girls. Each year, 2.2 million children die because they lack immunisation (Globalissues.org, 2013). This essay will discuss the fundamental determinants of poverty with the two main contenders being geography and institution. It would also discuss the proximate determinants of poverty in Kenya. What causes poverty is an important question when trying to explain poverty, but it is not one which can easily be answered. These causes can be grouped into ‘proximate’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘fundamental’ causes of poverty. The proximate cause is the ‘nearest cause’ in the chain of causation, ABCDE. The fundamental cause is what sets the chain of causation in motion. The fundamental cause of E is A, and B, C and D are intermediate causes (Rycroft 2009, p.232). In order to design a policy to reduce poverty, identifying...
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...The aim of this essay is to examine the notion that many aspects of an individual’s environment can affect his/her health. To do this I (avoid using the personal pronoun “I”) will look at both the physical and social aspects of a person’s environment (the students were asked to consider both the physical and social environment – students who covered only one of these got a low mark) . I will attempt to make clear the links between these elements and will consider how they impact on health. There are numerous factors influencing health, such as age, race, gender to name a few. However, for the purpose of this essay I intend to concentrate on a number of other elements also thought to be key factors influencing health; social class, employment, income, housing and place of residence. (This has set the scene well showing that the student knows that many factors can affect health but then tells us which ones she will concentrate on). Social Class Table 1 Social class classification Higher managerial and professional e.g. company directors, bank managers, senior civil servant e.g. doctors, barristers and solicitors, teachers, social workers Lower managerial and professional e.g. nurses, actors and musicians, police, soldiers Intermediate e.g. secretaries, clerks Small employers and own account workers e.g. publicans, playgroup leaders, farmers, taxi drivers Lower supervisory, craft and related occupations e.g. printers, plumbers, butchers, train drivers ...
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...Poverty is a global phenomenon affecting every country. According the United Nations, poverty is the inability to seek basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter based on the incapability of not having enough money. However, it is not all about the inability to seek basic needs but beyond that. “It is about the denial of opportunities and choices that are widely regarded as essential to lead a long, healthy, creative life and to enjoy a decent standard of living, freedom, dignity, self-esteem and the respect of others” (United Nations- Global Teaching and Learning Project, 2014, 1). Poverty makes other major problems worse including slave labour, human trafficking and the spread of diseases. However, the root cause of these global issues is the relationship between poverty and the lack of education. The big question is whether increased education will reduce poverty or, is a lack of education a result of poverty? Increased education can lead to the reduction of poverty by providing people with learning skills to get a job and provide a source of income. Education has the most crucial role in eliminating poverty as with education there are many more opportunities. For the eradication of poverty, primary education is essential because with the increase in education, people will not lack cognitive skills- being able to progress better. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2001; Brown, J., Pollitt, E. Malnutrition, 1996). A counter argument is...
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...Investing in healthcare disparities and solutions. INTRO- Healthcare disparities continue to be a major problem in our present-day society, creating uncertainty about access to necessary services and health outcomes. This essay aims to analyze the complicated structure of healthcare disparities while shining a light on the approach to universally fair healthcare outcomes and access. This essay will explore the complicated link between healthcare disparities and how factors such as socioeconomic status, race, location, and differences in cultures affect health outcomes and unequal access to medical treatment. This essay does this by drawing on the information offered by numerous studies. It will address the root causes of healthcare inequality...
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...Instructions: Write an essay of no less than 1500 words and no more than 2000 words in response the following question: “Why are gender and difference issues so important in understanding the potential for skills training, and work and learning in both Canada and the ‘economic south’?” The lives of women in the recent past have changed dramatically. There are more women now who are educated than ever before, and a great percentage of them have forged ahead in the labour market. The pace of change is improving at fast rate with both developed and developing countries working towards bringing around a change. But despite the numerous developments in this area, there still exists the issue of gender gap that limits the progress of women workers in the paid workforce. This paper discusses the topic of gender differences in OECD countries and how it affects the process of work and learning of women in both Canada and the economic south. In almost all the OECD countries, women participation in the workforce has steadily increased. There are more women participating in the all kinds of jobs and they continue to enter the workforce in rising numbers. But still gender inequality continues to persist and is a topic that dominates the sad plight of women. There are OECD reports that Scandinavian countries have the lowest ratio of such issues due to well-equipped infrastructure that supports child-care and family-friendly workplaces. Though this seems like a rather outdated...
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