...ISSUES: SLIDING OR CONSTANT PRESSURE The future generation of SC and USC plants in the US must be able to achieve high efficiencies not only in continuous base-load operation but also at part-load operation. The conventional approach suggests that, in the US, the new generation of SC and USC plants will operate, for the most part, at base-load conditions and constant steam pressure. However, for a plant with a life span of 30–40 years, it is inevitable that in the future these units will operate in load-cycling operation using sliding pressure. Operation under constant pressure requires steady boiler and main steam line pressure over the entire load range. At part load, the steam turbine requires a lower pressure and flow to generate the amount of power needed. The operational system where the boiler provides only the required amount of steam and pressure to meet the demand without any throttling, is referred to as “sliding pressure.” Most steam generators and turbines in combined cycle applications operate in this mode. For SC and USC, the sliding pressure method used in the industry (see Reference 14) is known as “modified sliding pressure.” In this case, a certain amount of pressure throttling is allowed, to provide a fast response to load changes. One advantage of the “constant pressure” mode of operation is a more robust load reserve capability at part load. Following a load increase demand, the throttling or admissions valves open and the pressures in the turbine and boiler...
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...water to meet ship’s requirement. Major Parts and Function Centrifugal Pump: PK130 filter pump, delivers the feed water at a pressure of up to 4 bar through the cartridge filter and from there to the high pressure pump PP160. This centrifugal pump has its own integral electric motor. High-Pressure Pump: PP160 is a positive displacement pump. (plunger pump) this pump delivers feed to the PT modules at a pressure of up to 65 bar. (note: pressure is controlled by VS160). The pump is powered through a belt drive from a three-phase motor. Minimum feed pressure to this pump is 0.5 bars. Pulsation Damper: The pulsation damper fitted on the high-pressure pump discharge converts the pressure fluctuations, common for a plunger pump, into a steady pressure. It consists of a pressure vessel, internally separated by an diaphragm into two sections. The outermost section is filled with nitrogen at a pressure of 30 bar. The pulsation’s from the 3 plungers of the HP pump are absorbed by the gas pressurized membrane. It is normal to observe pulsation’s in the pointer of PI160 when pointer is rising through 25 to 32 bar, (resistance against gas pressure). Sand filter: The sand filter retains all sediment particles over 50 (m in size. As the density of these particles increases, the pressure drop across the inlet and outlet increases. To reduce this pressure drop and remove these particles, the sand filter is backwashed by air and feed water (generally when 2 to 2.5 bars are reached). ...
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...Johnson Mrs. Doughty EN 0103 19 March 2014 Facing Peer Pressure Peer pressure is basically pressure from peers to do something. A student can be pressured into doing something by his or her peers, family or even by students they don’t even know. College students are faced with this every day. It is harder for them because they no longer have mom or dad to wake them up in the morning for class, and to tell them what the right or wrong voice is in a difficult situation. There are many things college students are pressured into in the work today, like pressure to do well in school, to go out, or to develop better studying habits. Although peers can have an effect on the college experience, parents can as well. Parents almost always pressure their children to do well in college. Some already have a mindset on what kind of grades they want their children to have. One way a parent could pressure their child to do well in college is, they may bribe them with a special gift at the end of the semester. Another way is, a parent just might have a high expectation and the child may feel pressured to meet that expectation. Parents pressuring their children can be very good for them. It is good for them because they want to show their family how smart they are, and that they can do it. When a person is pressured to do well, it makes him or her feel like someone cares about his or her future. By having a caring person pressure him or her, they want to succeed and make them happy. Although...
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...Pressure Sores Introduction I have chosen to discuss Pressure Sores (also known as Pressure Ulcers) as my topic for this Communication Project as I feel it will help me to understand the importance of position changes, diet and using appropriate equipment. I downloaded a document from the internet website National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=cg029publicinfo. A pressure sore is the name given to damage occurring on the skin as a result of pressure, friction or when layers of skin are slid over one another when moving up a bed, sliding or when transferring. The first sign of a pressure sore developing on the skin is usually discolouration which could worsen or lead to an open wound if not managed correctly. The main areas which are prone to pressure sores are the bony parts of the body, ie elbows, shoulders, bottom, hips, heels, ankles, back and back of the head. The people most at risk of pressure sores (although anyone can get one) are those who have difficulty changing positions by themselves, are incontinent, cannot feel pain, have had pressure sores before, elderly or very young, have a poor diet or elderly who are ill or who have had an injury. The best way to prevent pressure sores is to keep moving, this reduces the pressure placed on areas prone to pressure sores. Changing position as often as possible will relieve the pressure. Pressure sores can develop very quickly, sometimes within an hour if you are unable...
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...College Pressures College is an institution with the purpose of preparing adults for their specific disciplines. Sometimes a college diploma is a guarantee of good jobs and a better future. Today, young adults in college often experience a lot of pressure. The journalist and professor at Yale University, William Zinsser, discusses the pressures and stress with lots of details and reasons in his persuasive and informative essay entitled College Pressures. His essay was directed to parents of college students, professors, job contractors, and college students (Zinsser, 396). Zinsser’s purpose in writing this essay was to encourage students to take risks on their college journey (Zinsser, 398). To make his essay stronger, Zinsser was effective by using persuasive rhetorical writing tools such as pathos, ethos, and logos. College allows young adults to develop necessary skills and improve abilities which they are going to need later in their chosen fields. Initially, college students often undergo a lot of stress in what is expected to be a self-enriched experience. This young generation wants to become successful students. Moreover, Zinsser works at Branford University, and in his essay, Zinsser shared, “I am privy to their hopes and fears- and also to their stereo music and their piercing cries in the dead of night” (Zinsser, 397). To make his essay more credible, Zinsser uses ethos which stands for ethical appeal (Bernanke, 2010). He uses ethos by narrating his experiences...
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...For Girls. It’s Be Yourself, and Be Perfect, Too: Pressure on Young Women For young women today there seems to be enormous pressure to be beyond perfect. Why as a society do we place these kinds of pressures on our children? A good example is the story “For Girls, It’s Be Yourself, and Be Perfect, Too” by Sara Rimer. It focuses on two amazing teen girls Esther and Colby who have to face many issues that many young women today have to confront now as well as the stress it entails. Esther and Colby learn right from the start that they have to be perfect during every waking hour and not waste anytime. The girl’s lives are influenced by their parent’s desires and the opinions of their peers. They don’t even think of themselves. Today’s amazing girls are facing pressure from their parents, as well as images they see on T.V., in magazines, as well as everywhere they look. Society pressures young women to be smart, sexy, and athletic. Sara Rimer writes; “If you are free to be everything, you are also expected to be everything” (page 2). At one time young women were viewed as the lesser sex; and were expected to become obedient wives and good mothers. They weren’t expected to go to or even complete their schooling. It was viewed as a waste of time. As time passed women started to become able to receive an education, vote, and have a job outside of the home. Society then started expecting more out of young women. The young women today have to become the amazing girl’s...
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...Summary 2 Feb. 29, 2015 Zinsser, William. “ College Pressures” The Norton Reader, Norton-Simon publishing. 1978. Web. http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/univ100i/zinsser.html. Accessed February 25, 2016. In William Zinsser essay on "College Pressures," he discussed the different types of anxieties the students encounter. He explains that the Branford College students are in a different level of stress compared to the late 1960's college students. From his article, there are four types of pressure that college students are experiencing today. He categorized them as economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. Students live in cruel economy. Economic pressure consists of tuition fees, board and lodging expenses, books, student loans and so on. Ever year the costs increase and students are attached to debt. Due to economic pressure, many students at the college are forced to work during the summer to be able to pay off their loans. These economic pressures cause stress to the students. In line with economic pressure is parental pressure. Zinsser discusses on how parents are pushing their children to go into a high-paying profession. He further explains that parents always want the best for their children by getting them into advantageous professions but the students prefer a different career. But in most cases, the students are under pressure to take a different path on what their interest is. They are genuinely...
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...Paula Kain Undertake agreed pressure Area care (HSC2024) Unit 4222-229 Outcome 1 1) The skin is the largest organ of the body, covering and protecting the entire surface of the body. The total surface area of skin is around 3000 square inches or roughly around 19,355 square cm depending on age, height, and body size. The skin, along with its derivatives, nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands forms the integumentary system. Besides providing protection to the body the skin has a host of other functions to be performed like regulating body temperature, immune protection, sensations of touch, heat, cold, and pain through the sensory nerve endings, communicating with external openings of numerous other body systems like digestive system, urogenital system, and respiratory system via mucous membranes. The skin is primarily composed of three layers. The skin, which appears to be so thin, is still itself divided into epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer or hypodermis. Each layer has its own function and own importance in maintaining the integrity of skin and thereby the whole body structure. Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are the result of a constant deficiency of blood to the tissues over a bony area such as a heel which may have been in contact with a bed or a splint over an extended period of time. The surface of the skin can ulcerate which may become infected. Eventually subcutaneous and deeper tissues are damaged. Besides the heel, other areas commonly involved...
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...Reviving Peer Pressure Nobles International School English Department Shakib Arsalaan * Abstract Almost everyone has experienced peer pressure before, either positive or negative. Peer pressure is the act of peers to get a teenager to do something they usually wouldn’t do. It is so easy to give in to peer pressure because everyone wants to fit in and be liked. Especially when it seems like “everyone is doing it”. Yet whenever we hear the word Peer Pressure we immediately think towards the negative side of it. We don’t usually think of positive peer pressure. This research is going to understand why that is happening with the help of statistics, interviews, and survives. * * Contents * Reviving Peer Pressure Introduction What Is Peer Pressure Types of Peer Pressure How does it Affect Teenager On what measures does it affect the society? Why is Peer Pressure consider Negative? Teenagers Who Have Experienced Peer Pressure Interviews with Parents Graphs and Statistics of Peer Pressure How to Reduce Peer Pressure Technics of using Peer Pressure in a positive way How to improve it within a society Conclusion Point of View on Peer Pressure Summary References/Bibliography * Introduction When a school year begins, students are dealing with new classes, sports and other school-related activities. Most students will also face the challenges of peer pressure. Peer pressure...
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...Science Project: Air Pressure (Egg in a Bottle) Introduction Atmospheric pressure is the force that acts on any object by the weight of tiny air molecules. Molecules in the air are invisible but they still have weight and they occupy space. Air Pressure changes with the change in the altitude. As the altitude increases the Air Pressure decreases and the altitude decreases Air Pressure increases. At an higher altitudes we have to breathe more often than at the sea level. If you are on Mt Evans then your ears pop to maintain the pressure. This happens because we have to maintain the outside and inside pressure. Our weather patterns change because of the air pressure. Figure – 1 – Shows the air pressure based on the altitude Figure – 2 – Graph shows Pressure vs Altitude Objective There are various experiments that can be conducted to show Air Pressue. Let us do an Egg in a bottle experiment to show Air Pressure. Doing this experiment we will develop the hypothesis on the effects of air pressure on the egg and how it squeezes it into the bottle. Experiment: Egg in a bottle Things or items required to perform egg in a bottle: 1. Eggs 2. Saucepan and stove to boil the eggs. 3. Wide-mouth bottle and bottle mouth should be smaller than the boiled egg. 4. Vegetable oil. 5. Matches 6. Paper strips to burn Figure – 3 - Items required to perform the Experiment What need to be done with the items listed above? 1. Take the eggs and add water into saucepan and boil...
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...The influence of peer pressure in adolescence In our young days we all might have tried it. Maybe we didn’t notice it, but it still had an influence on us. Peer pressure happens every day, and some cases are worse than others. A lot of teenagers might feel very unsecure, and need something to hold on to. Because of that, teenagers join a group of friends, in some cases; “friends”, and to keep their status in the group, they might do things to be respected and accepted in the group. These things can be negative and positive. The negative influence could be if a group of friends start to smoke. Let’s pretend there are five boys in this group, four of them start to smoke, and one of the boys doesn’t do things like that, or rather; he doesn’t smoke. The four smoking boys feel some kind of unity by smoking together, and that exclude the non-smoking boy from the group, and the boy will maybe not be accepted in the group anymore. To avoid getting excluded by the group, he starts to smoke, despite his own will. This example is described as a negative influence. Even worse cases could be if a group of boys want to commit a robbery or break into a store for example. One of the boys in the group doesn’t really want to do these things, maybe because he knows better than the rest of the group. But he follows the group, so in the end he really doesn’t’ know better, because giving in to peer pressure, is not so clever and especially not, when it has such a negative influence...
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...The peer pressure students feel from their peers is more harmful then helpful. High school and college students are within the age group that they get influenced really easily. Students are tempted to try several new things such as, smoke and do drugs. A student is not stubborn enough to not be able to accept new things. Earning good grades is an exercise that students have been practicing and forced to do since elementary. To pass a class, a student is pressured to get good grades. Peer pressure can simply put stress on the student and that will lead the student to practicing drugs since they relieve stress. In this society that we are in, everyone just wants to blend in and be accepted within the area. Peer pressure will not allow you to think on your own or do your own thing. It takes away your independence and makes you rely on people for every single thing that you do. You will always want to do exactly what your friends will do. Your opinion could be changed and you will completely ditch your own idea. Being independent is highly unlikely if you are peer pressured. Peer pressure can hypnotize a person and cause that person to be a mindless follower. Friends will always suggest for you to do something for the good or for the bad. A person should be able to think on their own then listen to what other people have to say. People can debate about their topics ,but in the end, it is possible that it will not remain in a stalemate. Peer pressure could also encourage a person...
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...PEER PRESSURE Heather Bucklew College Composition 2 1310C Professor Jeffery Kosse Peer pressure is an ongoing and worsening issue for the younger generation. It has long lasting effects as it affects academics and causes children to mature before their time and often leads to depression. Classes for Peer Pressure would be helpful with kids in school as it would help children learn to recognize the issues and in the process teach them to communicate in a better way. I believe that Classes that are clearly the way to combat the trend. Teaching kids to talk in respectful manner to everyone would be the focus of the classes. I believe that this would be helpful for some people because not everyone realizes the power of words and that some people might take what you say the wrong way, feeling pressured to do something that goes against what they believe and desire. There are studies that say that 30 percent of teens are offered drugs during their middle and high school years. Another study states that 50 percent of teenagers feel like they have been pressured to have sex in their relationship. I believe that peer pressure classes would bring the issues to the front and show the students that they are not alone and that it is ok to say no if you do not want to participate and do what you are being pressured to do. The classes would teach the students that it is ok to be their own person, they don’t have to do everything that their friends...
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...Peer pressure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Peer pressure is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform the group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are "formally" members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to these groups. They may also recognize dissociative groups with which they would not wish to associate, and thus they behave adversely concerning that group's behaviors.[citation needed] Contents [hide] 1 In Youth 2 Asch conformity 3 The Third Wave 4 Neural mechanisms 5 Explanation 6 References In Youth[edit] Peers become an important influence on behavior during adolescence, and peer pressure has been called a hallmark of adolescent experience.[1][2] Peer conformity in young people is most pronounced with respect to style, taste, appearance, ideology, and values.[3] Peer pressure is commonly associated with episodes of adolescent risk taking (such as delinquency, drug abuse, sexual behaviors,[4] and reckless driving) because these activities commonly occur in the company of peers.[2] Affiliation with friends who engage in risk behaviors has been shown to be a strong predictor of an adolescent's own behavior.[5] Peer pressure can also have positive effects when youth are pressured...
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...Peer pressure back my day was far more consequential than it is in today’s society. Teens these days need to learn to toughen up! Back in the days of the old 1964-chev Impala, ooh those babies were gold! With their chrome finishing’s, bench seats, hydraulics if you had the money, cause back in my day money was hard to come by, I can remember one time I did a whole week working on a farm with a young lad called Fredrick Plaskie, and all I got was a lousy 6 pence, to buy a new pair of shoes with no soles, but they did the job, no more of that walking through the cow poop on the way to school. I tell you now, for nothing I might add, you youngins have it easy these days, your parents will happily give you money so you have the coolest clothes, so that no snotty nose kids will tell you that your clothes aren’t “hip” or “down wit it.” Anyway where was I? Oh that’s right we took peer pressures like a whip on the bum from the cane. Everyday we would get a cane whopping, and boy I can tell you now I left a sore spot for days on end. With today’s teens, they get a few sissy names flung their way; they will sob and complain to the brothers and sisters as the local slang slings it. I remember back in the old school yard once, young Billy Mc Cormik was getting hassled about his ginormous teeth. Now he was getting names flung at him from all directions. Now he didn’t go and cry to his “peeps” he took it like a man, not like you young teens these days, go off and cry to yo mammas complaining...
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