...I would describe the prison environment as a tough a scary environment. There are numerous different types of criminals and you do not get to chose who your cellmate is. I think this creates a scary environment because some inmates commit more severe crimes then others, and it might be scary to live with someone 24/7 and not know what they are going to do to you when you go to sleep. The prison environment influence institutional management and custodies in many different ways. There are cliques in prison that range from gang groups, the white supremacist, and black cliques. When dealing with all of these different groups you have to be mindful of what is going on around you and you have to be sensitive to the races. Certain Strategies were put in place to separate these groups if things happened. They separate groups, put leaders in isolation; they also have started special teams to deal with these types of issues. I think any change would improve institutional management. I think if the prisons were actually controlled by the court system that might help. Maybe they could implement some sort of systems to put fear in the inmates so that they are easily maintained and understand what will happen if they have the slightest issues or cause the slightest problems within the prison system. Secure custody is when there is a request by workers from the prison to move someone, whether it is because they are a sex offender or various other offenders, this is done to ensure their...
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...Online – Axia College There was a perplexing problem in the early 1800’s because the rate of women incarcerated was much lower than the rates of women incarcerated today. In reality women’s prisons did not exist, therefore the jails often treated women the same as they did the men, as well the women were punished the same way the men were “with the exception that pregnant women were often spared punishment until after they had given birth” (Foster, 2006, pg. 32). Most women incarcerated were because of prostitution and stealing. Foster also states that women incarcerated were generally mixed with the makes and they were supervised by males. (Foster 2006, pg. 32). According to Foster this began to change when Elizabeth Gurney Fry took a visit to Newgate Prison in 1813. Gurney Fry organized the Association for the Improvement of the Female Prisoners on 1817. In 1863, the Detroit House of Correction was opened. This facility had a unit separated for the women, and there were female guards in this unit. In today’s society, the female prisons are much like the male prisons. They operate with increased security concerns, and there are special housing units for the disorderly. While there was a movement to improve the prisons for women there were also reformers who were working hard to help reform the laws for children. In that era children who committed crimes were treated like the adults who committed crimes. As time passed, it was seen that children could not reason like adults do...
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...issues revolving around in prisons. It is a sticky topic being that reformers look to see if a prisoner can be rehabilitated in order to regain entrance into functioning society. Once this information is accessed, then can the prisoner be eligible for forms of release, including, parole, probation, community service, and other methods of early release. The main function in the correctional system has been, in the past, to rehabilitate criminal offenders and teach them how to become citizens who live a life free from crime. Some rehabilitation programs used to reform inmates include counseling, health and fitness programs, academic programs and religious programs. This is the basis for the discussion presented in this paper. The topics to be discussed include, defining rehabilitation, the origins of rehabilitation, prisoner rehabilitation and society, and the suggested improvement of rehabilitation. All of which are imperative to the understanding of the rehabilitation of prisoners. The definition of rehabilitation in the prison setting is, “something that makes a prisoner a better person” (Foster, 2006). Now, with this definition there is much controversy. The problem is, when speaking on making a prisoner better, you still have to wonder, is the prisoner better all around, or is he just better at becoming a different type of criminal. This topic has been a controversial issue since early times in the criminal justice system. All in all, the true definition of rehabilitation is to...
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...Year 12 Legal Studies Notes Focus Study: Crime Key Legal Concepts and Features of the Legal System Crime - a violation of a law in which there is injury to the public or a member of the public and a term in jail or prison, and/or a fine as possible penalties Types of Crimes Offences against the person Offences against the person are defined as acts that intend to cause harm or injury to the victim Homicide Definition: is the unlawful killing of one person by another * Murder is the killing of one person by another “with malice aforethought”(mental component) * Manslaughter is the killing of someone in circumstances less culpable than murder. (generally given a lighter sentence than for murder) Degrees of awareness | Murder | Voluntary Manslaughter | Involuntary manslaughter | Non-criminal Killing | Intention to killReckless indifference of life Constructive murderDeath during intention to commit grievous bodily harm | Where the intention to kill or cause the act is mitigated by other factors, such as provocation or diminished responsibility | Non-reckless indifference to life or manslaughter by criminal negligenceReckless indifference to grievous bodily harmManslaughter by an unlawful and dangerous act | Death by non-criminal negligenceDeath by an unlawful act that is not dangerousAccidental deathSelf-defence | Stats: Murder: * In 2001 of the 340 homicides in Australia, 306 were murder * Maximum penalty is life imprisonment ...
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...with an intermediate sanction, so offenders spend part of their sentence in jail or prison and part of their sentence under supervision in the community. Finally, there are sentences of death. For sentences of incarceration, indeterminate and determinate sentences are the two primary models used throughout the United States, although there are many variations for each of these. Indeterminate sentences blend the decision by the sentencing judge and a later decision by a release authority to determine the actual time served. At the time of sentencing, judges sentence offenders to indeterminate sentences, with a minimum and maximum amount of time to be served (for example, two to five years or ten to twenty years). After serving the minimum term, offenders are eligible to be released and their cases are reviewed by a parole board. The parole board determines the release date any time between the minimum and maximum sentence. If a parole board never grants parole, the offender serves the maximum sentence and then must be released. The parole decision and postrelease supervision in the community are described in Chapter 6. indeterminate sentences sentences that have a minimum and maximum time to serve; a decision by a release authority determines the actual time served within that range As the Reformatory Era of prison operations was initiated in the United States around 1870, many states and prisons began to implement the concepts of rehabilitation and preparing inmates for return...
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...Policy Development Prison crowding is becoming more and more of an issue in the United States. Every day the problem continues to grow as each person who is arrested, taken into to custody and ultimately convicted joins the prison population. Concerns have been raised when it comes to the topic of prison and its population by everyone from the public to law makers. Over the years, the growth of prison capacity has been slightly behind that of the inmate population always resulting in an overcrowding issue. “There has been no consistent evidence that crowding is associated with mortality, morbidity, recidivism, violence, or other pathological behaviors, but rather due to changes to both federal and state sentencing policies. These changes have increased the proportion of the individuals who are charged with felonies and sentence to lengthy jail and prison sentences” (Van Ness, 2008). In addressing any problem area, one first must define the terms or operational definitions. “The United States Supreme Court on November 30, 2010, heard oral argument in Schwarzenegger v. Plata about whether a federal court in California properly ordered the release of 40,000 prisoners to relieve the severe overcrowding in the state's prisons that has led to inadequate medical and mental health care for prisoners” (“U.S. Supreme Court Reviews Prison Overcrowding And Horrendous Conditions Of Confinement,” 2010). “America’s prisons now hold more than 2.3 million people, and many of the...
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...Rehabilitation Paper Sylvia Pierce CJS/230 December 18, 2011 In the prison setting, a generic definition is something that makes a prisoner a better person. This is pretty open ended for it does not describe the change agent how the change takes place or the consequences of change a prisoner can become a better person and still be a criminal. In the 19th Century beginning in Britain, did prisons as know today become commonplace. The modern prisons system was born in London, influenced by the utilitarianism of Jeremy Berthan introduced the principle of observation and control that underpins the design of the modern prison. The notion of prisoners being incarcerated as part of their punishment not simply as a holding state, until trial or hanging was at the revolutionary. This is when prisons had begun to be used as criminal rehabilitation center. In 1779, the British Government passed the Penitentiary Act, which made the rehabilitation of criminals a function of all prisons. Since then, while imprisonment has remained the central form of punishment in the criminal justice system, the emphasis on correction rather than punishment has steadily increased. Despite the entrenchment of rehabilitation in social and criminal justice policy, the idea that prisons are not intended to rehabilitate but rather solely to punish and protect the public retains considerable public support in some areas. (Politics.co.uk, Rob Owen, Chief executive St. Giles Trust-October, 2010). Improved...
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...Cristian Loera-Flores CJAD 350 Professor Carden July 4, 2015 Prison Culture Prison, a place that is always on the news, that is always spoken of with great fear or disrespect, a place that can and will change your life forever if you were so inclined to take part in activities that will send you there. There are a lot of events that can get you into prison, but what it’s like on the inside is a whole different story. From the diverse selection of prison gangs that are separated by race and religion, to the frantic “free market trade” that occurs in every prison system across the United States, prison culture has risen past any staff, director, or officer could have ever imagined. Prison culture has taken a life of its own, so much so, that now the general public has become exposed to the integrate and sometimes brutal culture that has been methodically developed since the early days of imprisonment. Time goes hand in hand with the evolution of this culture, refinement through inmate “research and development” has allowed generations of culture, adapt and survive even through staff struggles to stop them. Firstly I would like to discuss the progression of prison culture, where it started, how it evolved, what influenced caused this evolution, and where it is now. Although prison culture dates back to the early 13th centuries, there is very little actually known about their culture and would probably not be seen as the same “jailing” that takes place now. The earliest credible...
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...Utilitarianism. The definition of Utilitarianism is the belief that the value of a thing or an action is determined by its utility. (dictionary.com) He was what many people would have called a “radical” in the time he lived. Jeremy Bentham was very intelligent and obviously a very deep thinker. He was already reading and studying Latin at the age of 4. According to research, at the age of 13, the importance of religion to get into certain schools and colleges already bothered him. He wanted things in the world to change, and he was determined to see that happen. “Bentham hoped that ethics would become as exact and precise a science as physics and mathematics. In order to actualize such a vision, Bentham endeavored to describe his thought in such plain terms to propound the greatest happiness principle for the greatest number of people as the criterion for choosing a moral decision as well as certain legislation.” (Eudaimonism IV) He believed that the only two masters of man were pain and pleasure, and he definitely believed that man should seek to obtain pleasure no matter what the cost. “He thought that people should do whatever would bring the most amount of pleasure and the least amount of pain.”(Eudaimonism IV) This is what made him a Hedonist because they believe that the only good in life is pleasure. Bentham fought for many causes such as equal rights for women, the end of slavery and animal rights. He was also a big advocate for prison reform, he didn’t think people...
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...2013 - 2014 [pic] [pic] |Activity Booklet – Assignment 1 | Student: Jordan Stephens | [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] LO1.1 - Know the different levels of government in the UK P1 - Describe the following bodies involved in governance. Levels of government and their responsibilities: ▪ European Parliament, The European Parliament handles decisions, which would affect the countries, which are members of the EU; these issues include the environment, equal opportunities, transport, consumer rights, movement of the workers and goods, etc. Currently there are 72 members of the UK that get directly elected to become part of the European Parliament and their decisions on the issues that come up within the EU will affect all the 27 members states that are part of the EU if the decision is passed by the EU. Some of these decisions also affect issues involving the public services of the member states of the EU, which could cause a lot of problems if they make a wrong decision since they would have a large uproar on their hands. ▪ Central government, The central government is the main layer of government that operates across the whole of the country; the central government is always located in the centre of the country in that country’s capital city and it handles very specific responsibilities that no other group or government can carry out. Some of these responsibilities...
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...The definition of truth in sentencing is a system that excludes discretionary release and severely limits off for good behavior. In other words many states eliminated their parole boards by allowing the inmates to earned good time meaning having time off for good behavior it’s like having privilege that half of the inmates sentence becomes more workable for them. (Abadinsky, Howard. 4) The truth in sentencing laws are limit by permitting only small portion of good time from ten or fifteen percent towards the inmates. Even though most of the states in America enacted the “three strikes and you’re out” states that lifetime imprisonment can unrelease by becoming expensive wards from the state that required a special housing that are surrounded...
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...Later people say, “Wonder what was he thinking about?” .The criminal justice system is now considered a sexy career choice. The academic purpose of the paper will be to examine topics like; Justice, how you must interrelate with others, and how court systems differ . To give a definition to justice personally is the art of all things being equal for everyone. To speak of a word used so universally. Justice is a word with many meanings depending on who you are. According to Collins, a writer of an English Digital Dictionary, He believes it can be called, “ Righteousness, equitableness, or moral rightness.” To go on and speak with others, there are even some definitions of what justice really is. My son is an inmate of the justice system. Do not why he use words like corrupt and bad attitudes. I am not sure of what happens as to why so many young men do not have any positive ways to describe what about justice. Ebony Magazine July,2014, talks about an article titled Injustice for all. They write,” New book reveals harsh penalties and racial inequities in America’s juvenille prison system burning down the house; The end of juvenille prisons give readers an unflinching look at America’s unbalanced juvenille system. In this exclusive excerpt, the author, White House Champion of change honoree Nell Bernstein explores the gripping stories of several imprisoned youths and challenges readers to take an introspective look...
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...The U.S. Department of Justice, the Office of Justice Program states that more than 650,000 ex-offenders are released annually from a state or federal prison. The Department of Justice has implemented a re-entry program; this is when offenders make a transition from prisons and/or jails. The cost of housing an inmate in a federal or a state correctional facility is approximately $20,000 to $25,000 per year. The re-entry population consists all individuals that are returning to society who have been convicted of a criminal offense. These individuals have served time in a federal, state, or local level. Research outlines an effective correctional intervention maintains resources should focus on high risk offenders. Ex-offender are less likely to retain gainful employment, they are less educated, and they have a higher risk of substance abuse and mental health issues. Many of the prison reentry programs varies in methodology, range and scope; however, the best programs according to research are reentry programs that begin during incarceration phase and continues through the reintegrating phase. The United States government needs to be responsible for assisting ex-offenders in becoming a viable and successful candidate in society. These...
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...Introduction As the strongest country in the world, America can done all kinds of oppressions onto any country that US like either through strong military force, from economic way and also social of that country. American corporations and popular culture has actually affects the lives and infect the indigenous cultures of millions around the world. Due to the foreign policy of the US government, backed by its military strength, has unprecedented global influence now that the America is the world’s only superpower-its first ‘hyperpower’. America lead all the ways whereby it exports its value systems, defining what it means to be civilized, rational-indeed, what actually it is to be human. Apart from that, America itself is impervious to outside influence, and if most Americans think of the rest of the world at all, it is in terms of deeply ingrained cultural stereotypes. Many people do hate America from Middle East to the developing countries as well as in Europe. Along with the happening of tragedy 9-11, public has focused on the question-‘Why do people hate America?’ This is a loaded question and not simply a statement. However, it would not be weird if people hate America as they often oppressed many other weaker countries especially countries from the Third World. The oppressions done by America can be grouped into three major ways that are politically, economically, and from the social aspect too. Politics The brand of external interventionism adopted by...
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...The Effects of a Union R.B. HRM 531 November 12, 2012 Melany Felton The Effects of a Union California Correctional Peace Officers Association (CCPOA) represents correctional officers of the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation along with correctional officers of the California Youth Authority. Supervisors of both departments have the right to join CCPOA, for representation, under what is called the “Excluded Employees” Representation Act (ccpoa.org). They are dedicated to the profession, elected by membership were each member is a correctional officer who gives them an understanding of correctional issues. Their purpose is to promote harmonious relations between the state of California and its employees, to establish peaceful procedure resolutions (Agreement covering bargaining unit 6 corrections April 1, 2011 through July 2, 2013). How the union effects the California department of corrections and rehabilitation, the benefits of the union to the employees. The organization’s benefits of joining a union are to be gent of social change between the employer and the employees of the organization. It is a written agreement to ensure managers treat employees with respect and that organizations treat them not an asset. In order for an organization to accommodate its employee’s the employer must be able to achieve long- term success. It also assists the organization with the federal regulations and complex state laws that may be violated by managers. A union is...
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