...Prison: Parole and Mandatory Release Name Class April 8, 2013 Teacher Checkpoint: What is parole? How does parole differ from mandatory release? Describe current parole and mandatory release policies. Is there a better solution to the process? Parole is a system of release for prisoners within the prison system and was “created as a reaction against the penitentiary and the determinate sentence” (Foster, 2006). There are three specific methods of release under the parole system – discretionary, mandatory, and medical. These parole methods provide early for inmates through parole board review (discretionary), good time credits (mandatory), or due to a severe medical condition (medical). Originally, the most common form of parole was discretionary parole which was conducted under individual inmate review conducted by a parole board. The decision for release was contingent upon board approval and was a conditional release in which a parolee must follow certain guidelines upon release or be returned to prison to serve his/her full term through parole revocation. This method was replaced by a system of mandatory release due to perceptions of bias by parole board members, ineffectual reformation through parole, and social outcry for early release based on discretion and not court mandate. Mandatory release requires that an inmate serves eighty-five percent of his/her sentence prior to release eligibility. The inmate earns ‘good time’ credits through...
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...Columbia Sentencing and Criminal Code Revision Commission was charged with developing a comprehensive structured sentencing system for the District. The Commission concluded that the District could benefit from a comprehensive structured sentencing system. Next, the Commission embarks the difficult task of creating workable sentencing guidelines for felonies. As Washington, DC follows the lead of other jurisdictions as well as an earlier effort in the District, the Commission developed two grids: one for drug cases and one for all other cases in the direction of the dominant factors in sentencing: the offense of conviction and the criminal history of the offender. The Commission also established standards for departing from the recommended prison ranges in extraordinary cases, rules for imposing concurrent or consecutive sentences, along with adjustments and exceptions to sentencing. Together, the grids, standards, rules, adjustments and exceptions form the Voluntary Sentencing Guidelines for the District of Columbia. (ACS, 2012-pg.9) The procedures that must take place following the finding of guilt before a defendant is sentenced for a felony offense are as follow: Sentencing is where the judge imposes punishment after a finding of guilty that resulted from a trial, or entry of a plea of guilty or no contest by the defendant. The judge may order the Department of Corrections to prepare a pre-sentence investigation (PSI) report and postpone sentencing until after the report has...
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...with an intermediate sanction, so offenders spend part of their sentence in jail or prison and part of their sentence under supervision in the community. Finally, there are sentences of death. For sentences of incarceration, indeterminate and determinate sentences are the two primary models used throughout the United States, although there are many variations for each of these. Indeterminate sentences blend the decision by the sentencing judge and a later decision by a release authority to determine the actual time served. At the time of sentencing, judges sentence offenders to indeterminate sentences, with a minimum and maximum amount of time to be served (for example, two to five years or ten to twenty years). After serving the minimum term, offenders are eligible to be released and their cases are reviewed by a parole board. The parole board determines the release date any time between the minimum and maximum sentence. If a parole board never grants parole, the offender serves the maximum sentence and then must be released. The parole decision and postrelease supervision in the community are described in Chapter 6. indeterminate sentences sentences that have a minimum and maximum time to serve; a decision by a release authority determines the actual time served within that range As the Reformatory Era of prison operations was initiated in the United States around 1870, many states and prisons began to implement the concepts of rehabilitation and preparing inmates for return...
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...designation of Arizona State Prison Complexes by security level and prison population. The Arizona State Prison Complex at Perryville, located in Goodyear, Arizona, is one of the ten facilities operated by the Arizona Department of Corrections. Once a men's prison, it was converted in the year 2000 to house women offenders. A score classification system is utilized to assess an inmate's custody level within Perryville and also the level of threat that they may pose to the community, with scores ranging from 1 to 5 (5 being the most serious risk). ASPC-Perryville is a minimum, medium, maximum, and close custody institution, with Lumley Unit housing all female Death Row inmates; maximum security inmates; closed custody inmates; the Women's Treatment Unit (referred to as WTU, it is a substance abuse program that is only offered to a few select women who meet the strict criteria); and Reception and Administration. Referred to as R & A, this is the yard where all inmates are initially housed for anywhere from one to ninety days, and are locked down 23 hours a day. They are then assessed by a counselor (called a CO III, or Correctional Officer III) and classified, and given their release date(s), the first being the inmate's TR. Temporary Release can be earned by participating and completing programs such as SB1291, offered only to those convicted of a drug crime. The second release date is the inmate's ERCD, which stands for Earned Release Credit Date, which is essentially "good-time"...
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...PRISON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Synopsis: PRISON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is an efficient application for maintaining Prisoners information. More than a data storage program, it helps you manage the prisoners. It offers a wide variety of Reports that give you exactly the information you need. Add new prisoner details and about new cases. It enables to track every prisoner and their activities. There are three kinds of users Data administrator, Police officials and Administrator. Administrator is considered as Super user and he has full access and rights over the system than anybody else. Administrator can view the details of prisoners, cases, release diary, parole register and interview requests as well as in-out register. Next Police officials have rights to view the nominal rolls, case, parole, interview requests and his functionality is to check the nominal roll which comprises of whole details of prisoners and to fix date for court hearing as per court’s advice. Finally, Data administrator prepares reports and enters data on behalf of the administrator with appropriate data. They have privilege to add and update the data as per administrator’s concern. The interview requests of relatives are made through data admin to administrator and the status of reports can reflect appropriately. Existing system: The prison system uses the documentation form storage which is a single user system to find the wanted information. The important and the most significant...
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...reduce the uncertainty about the length of time that offenders must serve in prison. During the 1990s, throughout the states and in the federal government there was considerable legislative activity related to truth in sentencing. By 1999, 41 states and the District of Columbia had passed laws or implemented some form of truth in sentencing, but the forms of truth in sentencing varied among the states. Truth in sentencing law deters crime by showing offenders that regardless of things such as good behavior or time served the possibility of early release is unlikely. My state of Maryland unlike other state does not have a truth in sentencing law put into place. Some states have eliminated parole release for good behavior or work time credits to impose determinate sentences, which permits relatively precise release dates, assuming that good time credits were earned. Other states have retained parole release, potentially introducing ambiguity into actual release dates. This is supposed to increase the certainty about a minimum amount of time that must be served prior to release. There was a case of drug trafficking in the Baltimore Jail around this time last year if Maryland had a truth in sentencing law in place the offend would not have been eligible for parole or early release after doing 75% of their 9 year sentence. Since they don’t the offender can be eligible for parole by the 7th year of prison. Most states required that offenders serve at least 85 percent of their...
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...Boot Camp Prison Boot camp prisons also known as correctional boot camps, shock or intensive incarceration, programs. Are intended to be short-term residential programs that incorporate basic military training. These programs are designed to target convicted adult offenders. The first boot camps began operation in the adult correctional systems of Georgia and Oklahoma in 1983. The Boot camp Prisons are designed as alternatives to the normal incarceration. Boot camps prison were created to reduce recidivism rates, as well as prison populations and operating costs. The goal to reducing recidivism by changing inmate’s problem behaviors that likely contributed to their odds of reoffending. The idea is that behavior modification can occur through...
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...in America, according to Steve Schooner from the University of San Diego. Around the 17th to date, the American prison system has completely changed keeping some of the same principles. The prison system of the United States has clearly changed from its first debut in the late 1700's. The mission of the prison system in the United States then was to keep society safe from those who were found guilty of crimes in a court of law by confining them in full control of the government. Whether state or federal agencies have control of the accused the principles remain the same. State and federal agencies are charged with keeping the accused in confinement until the judicial system deems necessary according for the seriousness of the crime. The impact of the great penitentiary rivalry on our current prison system includes two systems, he Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System. The Pennsylvania System was supported by the notion of keeping all who were committed to prison behind bars and separated from all other prisoners. Silence and continuous lock down was the theme within this idea. The environment was completely introverted, cold and tough for a person to outlive. This system was allowed or many years later proved not to be effective. The Auburn System was considered less expensive it believed in the use of labor which would self-sustain all of the facilities as well as the prison population. According to my own knowledge...
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...The Ohio Reentry Program was created to prevent criminals from doing the same criminal acts over again. It begins at sentencing and continues through the release of the inmate. The program identifies the needs of one and links them to services that can better them as a person. Reentry is the act of reentering something. This program was created to reduce the number of crimes as well as help offenders become better people. In 2002, Director Reginald A. Wilkinson issued The Ohio Plan for Productive Offender Reentry and Recidivism Reduction. This plan was implemented to help offenders get involved in the community instead of going back to prison and committing another crime. Many programs help to get offenders involved and out of trouble....
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...A 1. Describe the loss of the right to vote for inmates who are incarcerated. Prisoners are citizens too. They may have committed a felony, but they are still citizens of their home country. Some people think prisoners should not have the right to vote, but many others think they should. About two million people in U.S. are in prison. All those people do not get to cast a vote in the election. They are not able to decide who runs the country they live in. Imagine not being able to have a say in our country. We are a democracy, which means everyone has the right to vote in our government. Prisoners should be allowed to vote because they still are citizens and still have rights. Prisoners should be able to vote and influence the outcome of an election . If all the prisoners were allowed to vote it may have an impact on the election. Prisoners want the chance to vote. As of February 2011 the United States was in the lead of number of prisoners with 2,019,234. Prisoners do not have a say in the government. In New York people who are on parole cannot vote. As of 2004 thirty-five states forbid people who have just been released from prison to vote. In the constitution it states everyone is given the right to vote. Amendment 15 is the voting rights act. In the first section of this amendment, it states the right to vote cannot be taken away from people based on their color, race, or what has happened previously in their life. That amendment is not being applied to the rights...
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...what community corrections actually is. The National Institute of Justice defines it as programs that oversee offenders outside of jail or prison, and are administered by agencies or courts with the legal authority to enforce sanctions. It includes probation – correctional supervision within the community rather than jail or prison – and parole – a period of conditional, supervised release from prison. However, other types of community corrections, like electric monitoring programs, day report programs, and halfway houses are also coming into effect. These other programs can be a part of probation or even stand alone programs. Probation is one of the largest community corrections, it is a court-ordered period of conditional supervision in the community. In some cases, probation can be a combined sentence of incarceration followed by a period of community supervision. People who violate probation are usually sent to prison (they go through another court date, and the judge decides whether they have to go to prison or a more serious community corrections program). Once set to prison, the person is now an inmate; however, if the inmate is behaving well in prison, they can go before a parole board and be released from prison to serve the remainder of their time on parole. Parole is different from probation. Parole is release from prison under certain specific conditions to serve the remainder of the sentence, it is not court imposed, and the parolee agrees to supervision conditions...
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...“Prison Work Release” Maurice Stokes Wilmington University In the United States, more than 600,000 prisoners male and female are released every year from a correctional facility. However within three years of release, at least 50 percent of released prisoners are back behind bars serving more time for additional crimes or some type of probation violation. Prison “Work Release” has the potential to serve as a structured re-entry program into the mainstream job market. In a thriving or booming economy, improvement in the legal job market, opportunities should help reduce criminal activity. After evaluating several treatment programs to address the non-random selection of inmates who would qualify for “Work Release”, data has shown that inmates who participate in the program have better post-prison employment outcomes. While unconditional estimates suggest a large positive job market effect for three years following release, the various corrections for selection into the work release program leaves some doubt about the duration of a work release treatment. It should also be noted that a thriving job market does not necessarily translate into reduced recidivism. The reduction of recidivism is dependent on the type of crimes offenders committed. Better labor market opportunities reduce recidivism for those who are convicted of white-collar crimes, but have no impact on offenders who committed non white-collar crimes. In prison systems, work release programs allows selected...
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...RELEASE FROM PRISON Name: Institution: Course: Submission Date: Abstract This paper offers a detailed explanation of the terms mandatory and supervised release from prison. It further outlines the institutional goals these terms meet by releasing prisoners early to serve the last portion of their sentences within the general population. Mandatory Release Mandatory release entails releasing prisoners from their institutions after serving their full sentences. For prisoners who show good behavior and efforts during their confinement period, the institutions grant them early release. However, individuals imprisoned under the Youth Corrections Act are often set free not later than two years before their mandatory release period (Tree.com Inc., 2011). Prisoners including those guilty of violent crimes when released early are unlikely to commit crimes. Mandatory release is effective in making prisoners improve their behavior. By rewarding well-behaved prisoners, other prisoners are unlikely to commit offenses in jail against other inmates or guards. The institutional goal of mandatory release is to institute good behavior in prisoners, inspire participation and rehabilitation of inmates. Older prisoners and inmates imprisoned for non-violent offenses are eligible for mandatory release program. Supervised Release Supervised release is often served after a prisoner is set free from a jail institution by a probation...
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...includes the use of or seemingly the use of a deadly weapon and highway robbery, which can take place outside in an opened area such as a road, recreational area or parking lot. Armed robbery is defined as “… someone taking another person’s property at gun point or with the use of intent of a weapon” (Haney, 2001). The current information provided is being shared in order to give a better understanding about the harshness of the criminal act of armed robbery and why there is a recommendation to change the current prison term policy. The complied information will give explanation for the preface of a bill that would double the highest prison term for armed robbery. With regards to the decision to support the bill, it is important to examine the current gaps as it relates to prison sentencing inside the judicial system. Prison sentencing within our justice system is broken down in gaps, as the verdict is a result of the crime presented. The variations of prison sentencing are portrayed if, for example, the offender is sentenced to five years for armed robbery, and another receives ten years for the same offense....
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...Racial Disparities in America’s Judicial System The mandatory imprisonment policies written for the judicial system are creating disparity of minority inmate population primarily due to non-violent drug crimes and the unjust mandatory minimum sentencing laws. America’s prisons are the most populated in the world, and they are disproportionately populated by minorities due to the set of mandatory imprisonment policies set in place. Over the past five decades, the disparity between races has widened dramatically according to the National Center on Institutions. In the 1950’s, blacks and Hispanics were the minorities in the prison system, whereas today whites are. Is this due to poverty? I’m sure poverty plays a big role in most cases. Robert Woodson Jr., president of the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise said the reason young men engage in criminal activity is not just for money, it is to make a name for themselves, to have some expression of worth, even if the expression is self-destructive. Crack cocaine hit the streets in the early 1980’s, infesting the lower income areas. It’s a cheap drug compared to cocaine and easier to come by than some of the higher priced drugs. Is this considered racial disparity? The Sentencing Project in 2007 states that two-thirds of the regular crack users are white and Latino, 82 percent of defendants sentenced in federal court for crack offences are African-American. Criminologist William Chambliss suggest that blacks are more...
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