...social problems which is related to the corporation into business opportunities and simultaneously yield greater profitability(Porter, Kramer,2011). As it sounds, it is a seductive promiseand has so far received obscene attention in the business markets and among business educators. Both authors seeks to regain trust in “business and society who has pitted against each other so long” …”Learning how to create shared value is our best chance to legitimize business”(Porter, Kramer, 2011) is how companies were viewed as prospering at the expense of the community. With both aims of evaluating and analysing the concept of creating shared value, in this paper, we suggest how CSV can help businesses harness its full potential by simply creating economic value while simultaneously creating value for society. Focusing on making the right kind profits, companies should look beyond just merely maximum profits but also integrates social benefits at the same time; starting a positive cycle which reconnects business with society. In CSV, it represents a new approach for businesses moving beyond CSR approaches in the past. However promising this bold new approach is, it has also created polarized critics questioning their originality or even accusing the author of caricaturing the CSR concepts. Undermining limitations and weakness, it might pose a threat of the potentials of CSV to realize its aims of reshaping capitalism. Introduction of Shared Value Creation For decades, businesses and...
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...The concept of the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) refers to the largest socio-economic group of individuals who are amongst the poorest in the world. Although those individuals living at the bottom live in severe poverty, the notion is that there is a fortune at the BoP for multinational organizations to exploit. There is a considerable amount of market potential that exists within these groups. An organization can make an effort to capitalize on this potential, changing or creating a sustainable business model for future operations. For a multinational organization to do so, there are various opportunities and challenges in which they must understand. Opportunities of reluctance from competitors, purchasing power of the BoP, progression of the BoP, and financial gain of the organization must be considered before investing. While challenges of ethical concerns involving the products produced and the vulnerability of the BoP market must be recognized as well. There have already been numerous multinational organizations that have invested their efforts into the BoP market and have attained immense success. The argument against tapping into this market is understandable, but with vast opportunities and avoidable challenges, it is apparent that a multinational organization can and should seek their fortune at the bottom of the pyramid (BoP). As the majority of the BoP market is untapped, there are various opportunities for a multinational organization to consider when determining...
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...(18027991) Email: jennilyn_phan@hotmail.com The Fortune at the bottom of pyramid Procter & Gamble Company The Fortune at the bottom of pyramid Procter & Gamble Company According to Pervez, Maritz and Waal (2013), recently when poverty continues to be one of the global key issues and also one of the biggest challenges facing the society at large, the solutions to alleviate the continuing economic misery have become increasingly popular. The release of new theory called “Bottom of the Pyramid”, which is also known as “base of the pyramid”, by Prahalad and Hart has helped figure a new way of thinking about the intersection of business strategy and poverty alleviation (London & Anupindi, 2012). However, it does not seem like the business will always be profitable when doing the expansion to the low-income market, the challenges facing to the businesses also arise. This paper is to describe and discuss in-depth the Bottom of the Pyramid concept and also to go through the approach to the BoP venture that the selected company, Procter & Gamble, has undertaken in their business strategy in the Chinese market. Dinica & Motteau (2012) stated that: "The distribution of money in the world looks like a pyramid". The “bottom of the pyramid” concept mentions that not too many people could earn a lot at the top of the pyramid but a big amount of people who are poor at the bottom of the pyramid. It is estimated that approximately four billion people that make up...
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...strategy + business issue 26 The Fortune at the of the SECURITY AND S T R AT E GY Bottom Pyramid by C.K. Prahalad and Stuart L. Hart content strategy & competition Low-income markets present a prodigious opportunity for the world’s wealthiest companies — to seek their fortunes and bring prosperity to the aspiring poor. 2 With the end of the Cold War, the former Soviet Union and its allies, as well as China, India, and Latin America, opened their closed markets to foreign investment in a cascading fashion. Although this significant economic and social transformation has offered vast new growth opportunities for multinational corporations (MNCs), its promise has yet to be realized. First, the prospect of millions of “middle-class” consumers in developing countries, clamoring for products from MNCs, was wildly oversold. To make matters worse, the Asian and Latin American financial crises have greatly diminished the attractiveness of emerging markets. As a consequence, many MNCs worldwide slowed investments and began to rethink risk–reward structures for these markets. This retreat could become even more pronounced in the wake of the terrorist attacks in the United States last September. The lackluster nature of most MNCs’ emergingmarket strategies over the past decade does not change the magnitude of the opportunity, which is in reality much larger than previously thought. The real source of market promise is not the wealthy few in the developing world...
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...A Bottom of the Pyramid Approaches for Urban Sustainability Background Paper – Draft 0 At the Fourth Session of the World Urban Forum held in Nanjing in November 2008, the private sector decided to organise two working groups which would be based on the themes of Urban Governance and Bottom of the Pyramid Approaches for Urban Sustainability. Through their work, the groups will also contribute to the preparation of Core Business Principles for Sustainable Urbanization that will be presented at the Fifth Session of the World Urban Forum to be held in Rio de Janeiro in May 2010. Given the challenge of urban poverty, with 1 billion slum dwellers projected to rise to more than 1.4 billion by 2020, UNHABITAT is well aware that the private sector is not merely a part of the solution, but instead is a vital partner that must be engaged if the world’s cities are to achieve sustainability. The challenge is first and foremost to address the shelter and basic services needs of low-income segments in urban areas. A further challenge is to scale-up operations through new partnerships in order to address the daunting challenge of rapid urbanization. Ensuring harmonious cities starts by dealing with the slums and finding affordable solutions for those deprived from decent housing and other essential services who find themselves systematically marginalized by mainstream urban market economics. The private sector can play a pivotal role in the process of empowering those at the bottom of the...
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...strategy+business The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K. Prahalad and Stuart L. Hart from strategy+business issue 26, first quarter 2002 © 2002 Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. All rights reserved. e-Doc The Fortune at the of the Bottom Pyramid by C.K. Prahalad and Stuart L. Hart SECURITY AND S T R AT E GY content strategy & competition Low-income markets present a prodigious opportunity for the world’s wealthiest companies — to seek their fortunes and bring prosperity to the aspiring poor. 1 With the end of the Cold War, the former Soviet Union and its allies, as well as China, India, and Latin America, opened their closed markets to foreign investment in a cascading fashion. Although this significant economic and social transformation has offered vast new growth opportunities for multinational corporations (MNCs), its promise has yet to be realized. First, the prospect of millions of “middle-class” consumers in developing countries, clamoring for products from MNCs, was wildly oversold. To make matters worse, the Asian and Latin American financial crises have greatly diminished the attractiveness of emerging markets. As a consequence, many MNCs worldwide slowed investments and began to rethink risk–reward structures for these markets. This retreat could become even more pronounced in the wake of the terrorist attacks in the United States last September. The lackluster nature of most MNCs’ emergingmarket strategies over the past decade...
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...The Fortune at the of the SECURITY AND S T R AT E GY Bottom Pyramid by C.K. Prahalad and Stuart L. Hart content strategy & competition Low-income markets present a prodigious opportunity for the world’s wealthiest companies — to seek their fortunes and bring prosperity to the aspiring poor. 1 With the end of the Cold War, the former Soviet Union and its allies, as well as China, India, and Latin America, opened their closed markets to foreign investment in a cascading fashion. Although this significant economic and social transformation has offered vast new growth opportunities for multinational corporations (MNCs), its promise has yet to be realized. First, the prospect of millions of “middle-class” consumers in developing countries, clamoring for products from MNCs, was wildly oversold. To make matters worse, the Asian and Latin American financial crises have greatly diminished the attractiveness of emerging markets. As a consequence, many MNCs worldwide slowed investments and began to rethink risk–reward structures for these markets. This retreat could become even more pronounced in the wake of the terrorist attacks in the United States last September. The lackluster nature of most MNCs’ emergingmarket strategies over the past decade does not change the magnitude of the opportunity, which is in reality much larger than previously thought. The real source of market promise is not the wealthy few in the developing world, or even the emerging middle-income...
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...Semester 1, 2012 Week 9: Innovation II Product Innovation Dr Gary Buttriss 9.1 What is a product-service system? What may be the impact on its own sustainability of a corporation currently providing products moving towards a product-service system? (See especially reading 9.1.) Answer • What is a product-service system • “A marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling a user‟s need. The product/service ratio in this set can vary, either in terms of function fulfillment or economic value. (p.238) • Also a system of products, services, supporting networks and infrastructure designed to be competitive, satisfy customer needs and have a lower environmental impact than traditional business models (p. 239) • Impacts on sustainability of a corporation • Drivers: Can provide access to new strategic markets opportunities, market trends and developments and potentially stay competitive as patterns of production and consumption are transformed. • Barriers: Fundamental cultural shifts are required. Markets and products may be hard to develop, consumers may resist. MGMT2001 - Corporate Sustainability 2 Context and Characteristics • Blurring of manufacturing and service: The role of services in providing value is ever more important. Added value is created by technological improvments, intellectual property, product image and brand names, aesthetic design and styling that differentiate and diversify products. Functional economy: Function...
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...The bottom of the pyramid is the largest but poorest socio-economic group in the world. Globally this accounts for 3 Billion people who are living on less than US$2.50c per day (Shah. 2013). A study conducted by professor C.K. Prahalad concludes that the bottom of pyramid have a joint purchasing power of approximately US$14 trillion, which consequently is an extremely attractive market for large corporations (Prahalad, CK & Hart, SL. 2002). With this profitability comes the risk of the poor being exploited of their vulnerability, increased indebtedness and further increasing the poverty trap (Louw & Venter, 2010). Professor C.K. Prahalad makes a bold prediction on the title of his book “eradicating poverty through profit”. Looking into various...
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...Company History and Background Vibram has been leading for last 75 as the world leader in marketing and producing high-performance rubber soles, destined for outdoor, work free time, fashion, and mending and orthopedy markets.The unmistakable yellow octagon, that identifies the brand which is known all around the globe, is the symbol of a company which is synonym with quality, performance, safety, innovation and design. As a matter of fact, applying rubber under his mountaineering boots, Bramani had the first sole made of vulcanized rubber, thus inventing the shoe sole which revolutionised the world of mountaineering. In 1937, the “first Vibram evolution” took place: Vitale Bramani (Vi-Bram, name born by the acronym of its inventor) invented the “Carrarmato” , that is the first rubber sole realized specifically for mountaineering, which changed this sport dramatically. In 2001, industrial designer Robert Fliri proposed the idea of Vibram FiveFingers to Marco Bramani, grandson of Vibram founder Vitale Bramani, who immediately embraced the concept. In 2004 the patent was filed and in 2005 Vibram FiveFingers® started being widely commercialized. From the original concept a collection of shoes especially created for barefoot were born and simply known as Vibram FiveFingers. This is how the new minimalism footwear was born, directly inspired by the barefoot phenomenon, the practice of walking with uncovered feet. The main characteristic of this extraordinary shoe is the sole made...
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...former Soviet Union present a profusion of consumers and immense growth potential for multinational corporations. The trick is for senior management to fully understand that this market possibility exists and that tapping into it may require a radical departure from the traditional, developed-economy mindset. As Nike’s financial record indicates, market saturation and intense competition in Tier One economies has squelched Nike’s growth trajectory. While the Swoosh continues to penetrate typical Western markets, tapping into the increasing numbers of “middle and lower class” consumers in emerging markets could offer a phenomenal expansion opportunity if the firm can create the right business model. In addition, beyond the potential economic benefits from this venture, Nike’s World Shoe Project also offers a credible response to the labor issues that have buffeted the company, and leverages their efforts to minimize the environmental impact of their production activities. • Introduction/Background of the study The words “Just make me the shoe!” echoed down the boardroom table to Tom Hartage a 17 – year veteran of the running shoe company, Nike Inc. Tom Clarke, president of the company in 1998, had attended the meetings, seen the presentations and reviewed the numbers related to the market potential of China a rough gem with a booming population of 1.2 billion. He also knew that in many parts of the world, including China, people couldn’t afford Nike’s current...
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...It could be new products or services or new ways of producing them. There are no Google or Microsoft emerging out of India but this does not mean that no innovation is being done in India. If product for end users is the visible tip of innovation iceberg, India is well represented in the large submerged portion of the innovation iceberg. Invisible innovation can be categorized as below:- Innovation for Business customers:- In the last 2 decades, 750 R&D centres have been set up by the multinational corporations which have served as a major source of innovation. Outsourcing Innovation to Indian companies:- Many global companies are contracting Indian industries for innovations in their global products. In the Pharma Industry, many molecules are developed in US but the major part of the project is...
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...different view or understanding of the term globalization. Depending on others owe ethics, morals and ways of life create their own personal agreement or disagreement with global trade. Globalization has basically made the world a smaller place and also made ways for free trade and business to effectively communication between various parts of the globe. It has potential to make this world a better place to live in. It is changing major problems like unemployment and extreme poverty. Developing countries benefit the most and a lot from globalization as there is a sound flow of money and a decrease in the currency difference between every country with in the world. Free trade creates a mass competition base between many companies worldwide producing the same products, which give everyone worldwide many different options on what they would like to spend their own hard earned dollar on. With all those great positives for globalizing there are also many negatives about it. Globalization is causing citizens in many parts of the world to lose their jobs as work is being outsourced to other countries. The cost of labor in many other countries is extremely low as compared to a different country. As companies move their work across the boarders companies are opening their counterparts and ideas of their organization. This is resulting in the transfer of the quality of their products to other countries which are greatly increasing the chances of depreciation in terms of quality expectations...
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...Introduction In the past, the main goal of businesses is making profit to benefit their shareholders as explained by Milton Friedman (Humber 2002). However, the stakeholder theory by Edward Freeman asserted that businesses have responsibilities towards all of their stakeholders, which comprised of responsibilities in the area of philanthropy, ethical, economic and legal (see figure 1) (Stieb 2009). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to business practices that aim to solve environment, social and economic issues (Osagie et al. 2016, 233). Besides that, global corporate citizens should engage in activities that align with the triple bottom line theory of people, planet, and profit and the principle of UNGC (Payne 2013; Ten Principle...
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...meeting to discuss key questions that need to be addressed if the company decides to look further into the possibility of marketing to the BOP segment. The ultimate goal of this meeting will be to establish a set of general guidelines to use in developing a market strategy for any one of the company’s products to be marketed to the “aspirational poor”. These guidelines needs not be company or product specific at this time. In fact, think of the final guideline as a checklist- a series of questions that a company could use as a start in evaluating the potential of a specificBOP market segment for one of its products. Right now on this planet there are 2,582 people living for less than $2 a day and it is this group that makes up the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP). With this group constituting such a large and diverse part of the market, many organizations have been seeking to make their presence larger in this area of the market with their products and services. This move is incredibly organizationally strategic as the BOP market has a need for advanced technology. However in order for this market initiative to be successful these products must be accompanied by the correct infrastructure support. Even more to this point, for most products, demand is contingent on the customer having sufficient purchasing power. With this in mind, designing a business model to serve the market BOP has tostart with a basic insight rather than tinkering or tailoring a minor detail of the current business...
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