...Checkpoint Questions Chapter 1 1.1 A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. 1.2 Hardware is all of the physical devices, or components, that a computer is made of. 1.3 The central processing unit (CPU), main memory, secondary storage devices, input devices, and output devices. 1.4 The CPU 1.5 Main memory 1.6 Secondary storage 1.7 Input device 1.8 Output device 1.9 One byte 1.10 A bit 1.11 The binary numbering system. 1.12 It is an encoding scheme that uses a set of 128 numeric codes to represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters. These numeric codes are used to store characters in a computer's memory. (ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.) 1.13 Unicode 1.14 Digital data is data that is stored in binary, and a digital device is any device that works with binary data. 1.15 Machine language 1.16 Main memory, or RAM 1.17 The fetch-decode-execute cycle. 1.18 It is an alternative to machine language. Instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as mnemonics. 1.19 A high-level language 1.20 Syntax 1.21 A compiler 1.22 An interpreter 1.23 A syntax error 1.24 The operating system 1.25 A utility program 1.26 Application software Chapter 2 2.1 Any person, group, or organization that is asking you to write a program. 2.2 A single function that the program must perform in order to satisfy...
Words: 5516 - Pages: 23
...转：程序员练级之路 （作者：陈皓）作者： 吴江伟 建议： * 不要乱买书，不要乱追新技术新名词，基础的东西经过很长时间积累而且还会在未来至少10年通用。 * 回顾一下历史，看看历史上时间线上技术的发展，你才能明白明天会是什么样。 * 一定要动手，例子不管多么简单，建议至少自己手敲一遍看看是否理解了里头的细枝末节。 * 一定要学会思考，思考为什么要这样，而不是那样。还要举一反三地思考。 注：你也许会很奇怪为什么下面的东西很偏Unix/Linux，这是因为我觉得Windows下的编程可能会在未来很没有前途，原因如下： * 现在的用户界面几乎被两个东西主宰了，1）Web，2）移动设备iOS或Android。Windows的图形界面不吃香了。 * 越来越多的企业在用成本低性能高的Linux和各种开源技术来构架其系统，Windows的成本太高了。 * 微软的东西变得太快了，很不持久，他们完全是在玩弄程序员。详情参见《Windows编程革命史》 所以，我个人认为以后的趋势是前端是Web+移动，后端是Linux+开源。开发这边基本上没Windows什么事。 启蒙入门 1、 学习一门脚本语言，例如Python/Ruby 可以让你摆脱对底层语言的恐惧感，脚本语言可以让你很快开发出能用得上的小程序。实践项目: * 处理文本文件，或者csv (关键词 python csv, python open, python sys) 读一个本地文件，逐行处理（例如 word count，或者处理log） * 遍历本地文件系统 (sys, os, path)，例如写一个程序统计一个目录下所有文件大小并按各种条件排序并保存结果 * 跟数据库打交道 (python sqlite)，写一个小脚本统计数据库里条目数量 * 学会用各种print之类简单粗暴的方式进行调试 * 学会用Google (phrase, domain, use reader to follow tech blogs) 为什么要学脚本语言，因为他们实在是太方便了，很多时候我们需要写点小工具或是脚本来帮我们解决问题，你就会发现正规的编程语言太难用了。 2、 用熟一种程序员的编辑器(不是IDE) 和一些基本工具 * Vim / Emacs / Notepad++，学会如何配置代码补全，外观，外部命令等。 * Source Insight (或 ctag) 使用这些东西不是为了Cool，而是这些编辑器在查看、修改代码/配置文章/日志会更快更有效率。 3、 熟悉Unix/Linux Shell和常见的命令行 * 如果你用windows，至少学会用虚拟机里的linux， vmware player是免费的，装个Ubuntu吧 * 一定要少用少用图形界面。 * 学会使用man来查看帮助 * 文件系统结构和基本操作 ls/chmod/chown/rm/find/ln/cat/mount/mkdir/tar/gzip … * 学会使用一些文本操作命令 sed/awk/grep/tail/less/more … * 学会使用一些管理命令 ps/top/lsof/netstat/kill/tcpdump/iptables/dd… * 了解/etc目录下的各种配置文章，学会查看/var/log下的系统日志，以及/proc下的系统运行信息 *...
Words: 817 - Pages: 4
...Audit Program Design Part III Tywana Bowman University of Phoenix ACC545/Financial Accounting Professor Michael DeMarco September 26, 2010 Introduction In order to conduct a substantial audit of Apollo Shoes the auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and the entity’s environment, including the internal control. The understanding of the entity and its environment helps the auditor in a variety of ways throughout the audit, including establishing materiality, considering appropriateness, and designing audit procedures that can facilitate the growth of Apollo Shoes. Before the auditor can begin the process of conducting the audit of the inventory and warehousing cash cycles, the auditor must prepare the audit plan and program for Apollo Shoes. Developing the audit strategy and plan aids the auditor in determining the necessary resources to perform the engagement. The auditor must develop a plan in mind that will reduce audit risk to an acceptable level for the inventory and warehousing cash cycle. The audit plan should include a description of nature, timing, and extent of the planned risk assessment procedures. The audit plan and program significantly affects the types and extent of further audit procedures to be used by the auditor in determining whether the financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with the US GAAP. The auditor should consider audit risk in relation to the individual account balances, classes of transactions, and disclosures...
Words: 1093 - Pages: 5
...Program Design Plan 1. Program Name |Word for Legal Administrative Assistants | 2. Program objective: | |Conditions: | | |Training room with computers, a projector, and a laptop | | | | | |Performance: | | |Use Word to type up legal briefs | | |Criteria: | | |Type up legal briefs using tool in Word | | | | | | | 3. List prerequisite skills...
Words: 294 - Pages: 2
...PROGRAM DESIGN TOOLS Algorithms, Flow Charts, Pseudo codes and Decision Tables Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA. Introduction • The various tools collectively referred to as program design tools, that helps in planning the program are:– Algorithm. – Flowchart. – Pseudo-code. Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA. Algorithms • An algorithm is defined as a finite sequence of instructions defining the solution of a particular problem, where each instruction is numbered. • However, in order to qualify as an algorithm, every sequence of instructions must satisfy the following criteria: Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA. Algorithms • Input: There are zero or more values which are externally supplied. • Output: At least one value is produced. • Definiteness: Each step must be clear and unambiguous, i.e., having one and only one meaning. • Finiteness: If we trace the steps of an algorithm, then for all cases, the algorithm must terminate after a finite number of steps. Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA. Algorithms • Effectiveness: Each step must be sufficiently basic that it can in principle be carried out by a person using only one paper and pencil. – In addition, not only each step is definite, it must also be feasible. Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA. Formulation of Algorithm • Formulate an algorithm to display the nature of roots of a quadratic equation of the type: ax2 + bx + c = 0 provided a ≠ 0 Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA. Formulation...
Words: 914 - Pages: 4
...Audit Program Design Part III Sheila Dunn ACC 546 May 13, 2013 Cecil Lucy Audit Program Design Part III Inventory and Warehouse Cycle The inventory and warehouse cycle can be divided into five sections: acquire and record raw materials, labor, and overhead, internally transfer assets and costs, ship goods and record revenue and costs, physically observe inventory, and price and compile inventory. The following will be the tests of control, substantive tests of transactions, and analytical procedures. 1. Acquire and record raw materials, labor, and overhead a. Tests of control i. Check to make sure that all materials ordered have been accounted for ii. Check to make sure that there are records for all orders iii. Check payroll from payroll and personnel cycle iv. Check to make sure that the inventory is not overstocked b. Substantive test of transactions i. Take a sample of the orders placed ii. Make sure that the sample reflects that all material were received iii. Sample the payroll to make sure there are no discrepancies iv. Sample the inventory to make sure that it is replenished and constantly moving c. Analytical procedures i. Compare the results to prior years to ensure that the data matches up ii. Determine if there any risks 2. Internally transfer assets and costs a. Tests of controls i. Check financial statements to ensure assets were transferred ii. Check for the costs related to the business ...
Words: 909 - Pages: 4
...Internal Audit of Al Fresco Audit Program Objective: To find out whether their financial information is free from irregularities. Audit Steps to Be Completed I. Planning and Administration Section 1. Prepare permission letter and engagement letter, and obtain approval from the audit director and the auditee. 2. Conduct audit planning, and the following should be discussed: * Timing of audit and planned participants * Timing of fieldwork * Internal control checklist * Risk areas/ internal controls * Assignment of audit objectives * Testing to be performed * Budgeted hours * Permission letter * Engagement letter 3. Conduct pre-audit interview with auditee and document discussions held. 4. Set the schedule of the preliminary audit with the applicable management and discuss the following: * Timing of the audit * Audit objectives * Key contacts for the audit 5. Obtain permission to access relevant information like: * Organizational chart * Relevant reports utilized by the auditee * Strategic documents 6. Prepare and review the internal control questionnaire: * What is the Al Fresco’s perceived internal controls strengths and weaknesses? 7. Inquire of the auditee as to whether any relevant process flowcharts exist. If not, consider developing one for the permanent file. II. Fieldwork First Objective: To ascertain whether the use and recording of petty cash funds...
Words: 683 - Pages: 3
...Audit Program Design ACC/546 Chandria Willis August 3, 2015 Frank G. Elliot Apollo Shoes, Inc. Langley, ME Dr Mr. Elliot, We have developed test o controls of substantive test of transactions, and analytical procedures for the audit of Apollo Shoes Inc.’s sales and collection cycle, payroll and personnel cycle, acquisition and payment cycle, and Inventory and Warehousing cycle in line with the generally accepted auditing principles. The objective is to verify existence, accuracy and completeness. A substantive test should be associated with each of the transactions related to the audit objectives. The objectives of the audit include the occurrence, accuracy, completeness, posting, classification, summarization, and timing. Analytical Procedures must be performed in the planning stage of the audit and reviewed near the end of the audit. This serves to provide additional assurance to the auditor that the account has also been presented fairly in line with the generally accepted accounting principles. Based on previous research, it is our opinion...
Words: 1469 - Pages: 6
...MIDCOM GROUP Institute of Management Technology 2014-2016 By: Submitted to: Group 2 Dr. Vimi Jham • Nutush Mishra (140201088) Associate Professor • Pranav Pothan (140201097) • Prashast Singh (140201098) • Pratyush Sahu (140201102) • Prejith Alex (140201104) • Rajat Garg (140201106) • Rajat Mehta (140201107) • Rajat Sharma Gollapudi (140201108) 7 Contents Acknowledgement 2 MIDCOM 3 PRODUCT MIX 5 Nokia 5 Samsung 5 Microsoft 6 Sandisk 6 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 7 Bonus Packs 7 Price-off 7 PRICING STRATEGY 8 Market Penetration 8 Market Skimming 8 DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS 9 Push-Pull Strategies 9 Channel selection 9 Key Findings 13 Acknowledgement The success and final outcome required a lot of guidance from many people and we are extremely fortunate to have got this all along. Our work and achievement of the end result is entirely due to their guidance and assistance and we would like thank them all. Firstly, we are eternally grateful to Prof. Vimi Jham for her invaluable guidance. We also want to thank Mr. Bipin Mehrotra for his unconditional support and guidance regarding the workings of Midcom and the industry. MIDCOM MIDCOM is a leading telecom and electronics distributor in Africa and Middle East. The company has a combined turnover of value greater than 1.32 billion USD. Presently it handles full operations in countries like East Africa, Ghana, Nigeria and UAE. The company...
Words: 2974 - Pages: 12
...CapraTek Training Program Design: HRM 5015 Leading and Managing Workplace Learning Training Topic Topic Identification The training topic I will design for CapraTek is Sexual Harassment: You make the call. Upon interviewing various supervisors for their different plants I found that overall they are all uncomfortable with their knowledge on laws that affect their associates. Considering that the new plant is being opened in a state where there is a mandatory sexual harassment training law. Strategic Needs Due to the mandatory regulation of this training it is cost effective to use this training as an opportunity to grow our leadership. By having a in person session with our supervising team we can instill leadership behaviors that will help them in other areas of leadership. This seminar will give them the tools needed to solve other law/policy related problems. If we have to spend money let us make sure that we are getting a better return on investment from it. Needs Analysis Currently our company’s objective is to open the plant in Illinois and train our supervising staff accordingly. One major obstacle to this is the mandatory regulation of sexual harassment training by the state. Our supervisor must know what is legally required of them and what we expect from them. Our expectation is that they are able to fully understand what is sexual harassment, what are the signs of it, who to prevent it and...
Words: 2180 - Pages: 9
...Audit Design Program III Tonya Gaines ACC 546 March 4, 2013 Michael De Marco Audit Design Program III During phase III of the audit plan, Anderson, Olds & Watershed (AOW) will focus on two important cycles: Inventory and Warehousing Cycle and the Cash Cycle. There are six classes of transactions in the inventory and warehousing cycle: process purchase orders, receive raw materials, store raw materials, process of goods, and store finished goods and ship finished goods. Cash account is a part of every cycle except inventory and warehousing. Cash is primarily important and extremely vulnerable to fraud that is why auditor needs to be careful in the assessing risks in auditing cash account. Anderson, Olds & Watershed’s (AOW) responsibility is to conduct a fair and unbiased audit. We will conduct these tests and procedures according to PCAOB auditing standards. There is not absolute assurance that all misstatements or errors will be discovered. Inventory and Warehouse Cycle The audit of the inventory and warehousing cycle is designed to test inventory counts, processes and operations. The classes of transactions in this cycle includes sales, value of inventory, cost of goods sold, sales returns and allowances and estimates of allowance for slow moving inventory. The table below displays the interrelationship of the transactions related to audit objectives, tests of controls, and substantive test of transaction that should be approved during the...
Words: 1179 - Pages: 5
...” The Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 Act, requires management to produce an “internal control report” along with the annual Exchange Act report. This report is required to confirm “the responsibility of management for establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting.” The report must also “contain an assessment, as of the end of the most recent fiscal year of the Company, of the effectiveness of the internal control structure and procedures of the issuer for financial reporting.” To successfully complete this management generally adopts an internal control framework such as that described in COSO. According to COSO here are the guidelines for the framework. • Assess both the design and operating effectiveness of selected internal controls related to significant accounts and relevant assertions, in the context of material misstatement risks; • Understand the flow of transactions, including IT aspects, in...
Words: 1257 - Pages: 6
...Introduction and Definition: As per the provisions of section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("SOX"), all public companies are required to comply with timelines pertaining to management reporting on internal controls on financial reporting. The internal control report must be made part of the filings to the SEC. For the purpose of SOX, internal control is broadly defined as a process, affected by an entity’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories: * effectiveness and efficiency of operations * reliability of financial reporting * compliance with applicable laws and regulations The section also requires companies to check the effectiveness of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and in doing so the companies must: * Document existing controls and procedures that relate to financial reporting * Test their effectiveness * Report on any gaps or poorly documented areas CSCO Framework: For the purpose of SOX 404 controls most organizations have selected the CSCO framework, which describes internal controls as consisting of five interrelated components. These are generally called “layers,” and the controls within each must be included in management’s assessment. The five layers are described by COSO as: * Control Environment activities include the organization’s code of conduct (an entity-level control) as well...
Words: 408 - Pages: 2
...CONTENTS Sl. NO | Topic | Page Number | 1 | Introduction to Amul | 3 | 2 | Customer – Survey | 4 | 3 | Customer – Special case | 5 | 4 | Collaborative, Competition – Wholesaler, Dealer perspectives | 7 | 5 | Collaborative, Competition – Company salesperson perspectives | 8 | 6 | Collaborative – Company’s operations and advertisements | 11 | 7 | Our learnings | 15 | 8 | Online references | 16 | INTRODUCTION About Amul: Amul was formally formed on December 14, 1946. The brand name was derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Amoolya’, which means priceless. But some cite the name as an acronym Anand Milk Union Limited. Amul products have been used in millions of home since then. Today Amul is a symbol of high quality delivered at a reasonable price, of the creation of a vast co-operative network, of a triumph of the white revolution. And it serves as an established model for dairy development. In the early 1940s, the main sources of earning of the farmers of the Kaira district were selling of milk and farming. During that time, there was a high demand of milk in Bombay. It was mainly supplied by Polsen dairy limited which had a monopoly and was privately held. Those traders used to decide on the prices of milk and the farmers had no say in that. But the exploitation became intolerable and the farmers collectively requested Sardar Vallabhai Patel. He told them to establish a co-operative union, as an alternative to supplying milk to private traders. Morarji Desai...
Words: 3815 - Pages: 16
...Audit Program Design Part Ii Audit Program Design Part II Company: Apollo Shoe Company Audit Begins: January 19, 2010 Audit Ends: March 31, 2010 (Tentative) AUDIT SCOPE: Sales/revenue and collection cycle Payroll and personnel cycle Acquisition and payment cycle All Transactions, orders, and payments processed January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 AUDIT OBJECTIVES: • To determine internal control compliance to sub objectives for payroll and personnel cycle, sales/revenue and collection cycle, and the acquisition and payment cycle. • To obtain control evidence and documentation about the existence, accuracy, classification, timing and completeness of recorded acquisition transactions. CRITERIA: Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 99 – Fraud Auditing Standards AUDITOR ASSIGNMENTS: John Butler – Sales and Collection David Sargent – Payroll and Personnel Perry Boydstun – Acquisition and Payment Cycle METHODOLOGY: Each auditor will perform their assigned area of tests of controls and substantive test using sampling techniques as appropriate. Strengths and weaknesses’ should be denoted by using a “S” or “W” on each area applicable area of the flowchart and checklist of each assigned area. The summary status (“Ss” and “Ws”) will be listed in the bridge worksheet for SOX 404 Audit analysis. Bridge Worksheet for Sales and Collection Cycle – SOX 404 Audit Public companies typically rely heavily on proper internal controls to maintain...
Words: 285 - Pages: 2
