... Fall 2012 Professor: Freda Adler, Ph.D. Research Assistants: University of Pennsylvania Walter Campbell Department of Criminology Ryan Gale 483 McNeil Building Marissa Mandala 3718 Locust Walk Telephone: 215-746-3620 Office Hours: Professor Adler: Wednesday, 10am-1pm For all other times, please make an appointment Teaching Assistants will have weekly office hours TBA Overview: This course examines the multi-disciplinary social science of law-making, law-breaking, and law-enforcing. It reviews theories and data that predict when, where and against whom crimes happen. In addition, it addresses questions surrounding crime prevention and punishment of offenders. The role and importance of police, courts, and prisons are critically examined. The relationship between criminology and policy-making will be highlighted. Text: Adler, F., Mueller, G.O.W., Laufer, W.S, CRIMINOLOGY, 8th edition, New York: McGraw Hill, 2013 E-mail version: TBA Additional class materials will be posted on Blackboard periodically. Please check the course web site. Grading: Examinations: The final grade for this course is made up of grades from three non-cumulative examinations. These exams are taken in class...
Words: 970 - Pages: 4
...infringed.”(2nd amendment, U.S Constitution) The framers of the Constitution wanted to create a government that was governed by the people. They felt the best way to control the government was through “checks” to make sure the government did not have too much power. The founders decided one way to check the government was to allow each citizen the right to bear arms. Originally, Section one; Article eight of the Constitution was written to give the Federal Government power to raise, organize and maintain a militia. This was vital to keeping the freedoms they had secured from Brittan. However, they did not want the Government to have “a standing army” that could impose on the rights of the people. On one side, the government had to be powerful enough to defend the country, but not so powerful that it would infringe on the liberty of the people. The leaders felt by allowing each person the right to bear arms would keep the government in check from imposing its will on the country. After the Constitution was written, the leaders had to convince each state to ratify the Constitution. Many of the states delegates were concerned about giving the central government too much power. The second amendment was one answer to the delegate’s concerns. More than two hundred years after the Constitution was ratified, gun sales have continued to increase over the years. Ammunition is more and more difficult to purchase and the cost is going up. Why? It is because there are leaders in...
Words: 1368 - Pages: 6
...science-fiction to the articles of science-fact, thus our need to utilize them in battle has grown exponentially. With their inception comes the debate of whether or not to mass produce smaller models or produce smaller numbers of larger models has only begun (Springer 39). The fact that droids can emulate human cognition and process vast amounts of information pertaining to given situations make the desire to implement them into war all that more tempting. “The inherent advantages of drones -- most of all, not placing pilots or ground forces at risk of being killed or captured -- have lowered the threshold for the use of force” (Zenko,”The Next Drone Wars”). Nothing could have been more truthful, it also brings up several factors concerning the proliferation of Drones, or more specifically UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and the like. Has lowering the threshold for the use of force had a positive impact on international relations or has it hurt our means towards diplomatic resolutions? The ramifications for such a powerful addition to a nation’s arsenal stem from the technology’s specifications themselves. Drones are semiautonomous, efficient and relatively cost-effective. They are not capable of independent thought and therefore do not need to have extrasensory perception which would be limited to such thought. Most importantly, they do not have a pilot, or rather, a pilot that sits in a cockpit located within them. This proves to...
Words: 2968 - Pages: 12
...right. (Aug 2000) Democratic Party on Budget & Economy Create an economy built to last & built from the middle out. (Sep 2012) Restore the budget discipline of the 1990s. (Nov 2006) Cut the deficit in half over the next four years. (Jul 2004) Democrats reversed economic stagnation of previous years. (Aug 2000) Democrats must continue to lead Americans to prosperity. (Aug 2000) G.O.P. creates debt, Dems create surpluses. (Aug 2000) Democrats will eliminate publicly held debt by 2012. (Aug 2000) Policy should encourage home ownership & affordable housing. (Aug 2000) Democratic Party on Civil Rights Enable disability access; plus 100,000 federal jobs. (Sep 2012) Equal treatment under law for same-sex couples. (Sep 2012) Racial and religious profiling is wrong. (Jul 2004) Keep marriage at state level; no federal gay marriage ban. (Jul 2004) Strengthen some parts of Patriot Act and change other parts. (Jul 2004) Support affirmative action to redress discrimination. (Jul 2004) Police should have zero tolerance of racial profiling. (Aug 2000) Pass hate crime legislation including gays. (Aug 2000) Democrats lead fight for ERA and equal employment. (Aug 2000) Democratic Party on Corporations Auto manufacturers have paid back loans & drive the recovery. (Sep 2012) Transparency in corporate accounting. (Jul 2004) End corporate welfare as we know. (Jul 2004) Tax credits and...
Words: 3138 - Pages: 13
...Just like a normal people might do. "Three weeks ago I was a law abidin citizen. Workin a nine to five job. Eight to four, anyways." He then found the convoy of trucks, with a man just asking for a drink of water. What does Moss do? He just took the gun off the ground, looked around for a little while and then just left without giving the man a drink of water. All because he knew “There had to be a last man standing. And it wasn’t the cuate in the Bronco begging for water.” He wants the money, every drug deal as money. And Moss is going to find it. When he finally does find it, he then steals the gun from the man, takes the money and leaves. “His whole life is sitting there in front of him. Day after day from dawn till dark until he was dead. All of it cooked down into forty pounds of paper in a satchel.” His thoughts are probably, I never will have to work another day in my life. There is enough money for Carla Jean and I to live for a long time without worrying about money. "You live to be a hundred, he said, and there wont be another day like this one. As soon...
Words: 1419 - Pages: 6
...situations, one that most people are not unable to make out at first sight. Firstly, Levitt attempts to analyze the issue of crime which has become relatively commonplace in the early 1990's. A generation of young teenage criminals have arisen and roamed the streets, threatening to create all kinds of pandemonium. This increase of crime rates led many criminologists, political scientists, and forecasters to believe that there will continue to be a spike in murders by teenagers in the upcoming years. Surprisingly, the opposite held true and crime deteriorated at a fast rate. Here, Levitt unravels the misconception that the roaring 1990s economy, proliferation of gun control laws, and innovative policing strategies did not contribute to the plummet of crime rates. Rather, we need to shift our attention to the legalization of abortion laws which, according to Levitt, what was actually led to the decrease of crime rates. Levitt draws the connection between crime rates and legalizing abortion by introducing a young Dallas woman named Norma McCorvey, who had already given up her two children for adoption but found herself pregnant once again. She was unable to give up her third child up for abortion because abortion was illegal in Texas. Essentially, the case was brought up to the Supreme Court in the case of Roe v. Wade. Norma McCorvey won the case on January 22, 1973, and her victory legalized abortion throughout the country. According to Levitt, this case contributed to the reduction...
Words: 948 - Pages: 4
...FOUNDATION Connecting Research in Security to Practice Crisp Report ABOUT THE CRISP SERIES OF REPORTS Connecting Research in Security to Practice (CRISP) reports provide insights into how different types of security issues can be tackled effectively. Drawing on research and evidence from around the world, each report summarizes the prevailing knowledge about a specific aspect of security, then recommends proven approaches to counter the threat. Connecting scientific research with existing security actions helps form good practices. This series invites experts in specialist aspects of security to present their views on how to understand and tackle a security problem, using the best research evidence available. Reports are written to appeal to security practitioners in different types of organizations and at different levels. Readers will inevitably adapt what is presented to meet their own requirements. They will also consider how they can integrate the recommended actions with existing or planned programs in their organizations. This CRISP report focuses on firearms in the workplace and their relationship with workplace violence. Author Dana Loomis, PhD, discusses how firearms end up at workplaces, and then assesses a host of opportunities to prevent any ensuing problems. His recommendations provide solid ideas on how organizations can avoid becoming victims of workplace violence, and how to implement recommended solutions. His discussion helps security practitioners...
Words: 9935 - Pages: 40
...Arms Trafficking between the United States and Mexico: The Drug Trafficking Nexus Transnational Crime and Globalization By: Katrina T. Mason May 2, 2008 The United States is quite known for their proactive stances on the “War on Drugs”, “War on Terror”, and “War in Iraq”. Some view them as the international police and others view them as the international fiend, but it is in no doubt that the United States takes a very active stance in fighting what they believe is evil and wrong within the world. This is increasingly true for the evils that occur within its own borders such as the continued drug epidemic, domestic violence, child abuse, poverty, gangs, and prostitution (with the exception of Nevada). Unfortunately though, the United States’ stance on legal activities crossing from their own governance into neighboring states where the activity is illegal is not held with the same level of concern or dedication. A primary example of this double standard can be seen on the Mexican-United States border. This is not in reference to the debris from the giant wall being built on the Mexican border falling to the southern side, the young Americans fleeing across the borders to intoxicate themselves, or even the revolution of McDonalds springing up in towns throughout Mexico; but instead to the small arms and light weapons trafficking continually flowing down from the border states into Mexico causing alarming murder rates, economical...
Words: 8003 - Pages: 33
...Mexico: Drugs or Democracy Introduction Illicit drug trade between Mexico and the United States, estimated between $17 billion and $38 billion a year in 2009 by the Drug Intelligence Center, has a long and storied past. Cartels operated with relative impunity from government prosecution during the seventy year reign of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, (PRI). The movement from an authoritarian government system of the PRI to the liberal democracy initiated by the election victory of the National Action Party, (PAN), candidate, Vicente Fox, in 2000, disrupted the status quo. Election gains by PAN Representatives disrupted long standing agreements between the cartels and government officials which led to the increased violence that exists today. This paper will explore the history of the relationship between the cartels and the PRI. The effect of the increased violence from the cartels inhibits the efforts of PAN party officials to establish a lasting democracy. Literature Review Research shows the three distinct stages in the development of a cohesive relationship between drug cartels and government in Mexico and identifies the political and economic conditions that have allowed the drug trade to thrive. Comparing Mexico with Columbia, another narcotics state, provides an additional case study on the subject matter and highlights actions utilized successfully. A review of the current political and military efforts to curtail corruption within the government provides...
Words: 2903 - Pages: 12
...anything about the art of making pipe bombs, we’ll set hundreds of them around roads, bridges, buildings, and gas stations; anything that will cause damage and chaos. It will be like the L.A. riots, Oklahoma City bombings, WWII, Vietnam, Duke and Doom all mixed together. I want to leave a lasting impression on the world.” One year later on April the 20th 1999, Eric Harris and another Columbine student, Dylan Klebold, committed the worst High School massacre in American history. They killed twelve students and one teacher; injured twenty three others and then turned the guns on themselves (Avila, 2000). Immediately following the mass shootings, media, sociologists and criminologists set about the difficult task of discovering the motives of the killers and answering the question of whether or not problems within society allowed this to happen. As early as the day after the shootings, blame had been pointed at gun availability (Etheridge 1999). The subject remains controversial today. FBI psychologists concluded in 1999 that the shooters were respectively “the depressive and the psychopath” (Cullen 2004). There is consensus that Harris and Klebold were deeply disturbed, but few can agree as to who is to blame and what could be done...
Words: 1999 - Pages: 8
...Davy Crockett Gun Craze by Sarah Nilsen In April 2005, sixty thousand members of the National Rifle Association gathered in Houston, Texas for their 134th Annual Meeting. The keynote speaker for the event was embattled U.S. House Majority Leader, Representative Tom De Lay. After his speech, De Lay was joined on stage by Lee Hamel dressed as Davy Crockett in full buckskin attire and a coonskin hat. Hamel presented De Lay with a handcrafted flintlock rifle that he had made for the event with his mentor, Cecil Brooks. The presentation of the reproduction rifle to De Lay is part of a long NRA tradition that began in 1955 when Walt Disney‟s Davy Crockett series first appeared on television. When Charlton Heston received his handcrafted flintlock rifle in 1989, he uttered his famous words, “From my cold dead hands.” President Ronald Reagan and Vice President Dick Cheney also joined the list of those who received facsimile Davy Crockett flintlock rifles from a man dressed in Crockett buckskin attire. This tradition is part of the NRA‟s efforts to represent the gun as a key instrument in the founding of the United States. It secured this ideological representation in part by appropriating the mythology of early American heroes like Davy Crockett. Davy Crockett became emblematic of the gun mythology of early American life. This mythology was synergized by the NRA and popularized through children‟s television to promote a conception of the role of the gun in American cultural...
Words: 8084 - Pages: 33
...delinquent's fourth amendment rights. The amendment is mandated to protect the citizens from illegal searches and arrests by law enforcing agencies. Per se, it can be regarded as the hallmark to the flourishing respects for the fourth amendment right in the United States. It is imperious to acknowledge that the rule was made in courts and not the conventional legislative protocols that involve statutes and members of the congress. It was a creation of the Supreme Court and, thus its application is confined within the jurisprudence of the legal system. The historical development of the exclusionary rule dates back to the 1990s. Whilst the development of the rule itself is uniquely American portent, the principle it protects and the justifications for its existence links to the vey origin of western civilization. To effusively grasp the advent of the exclusionary rule as promulgated in Boyd v. United States, it is critical to identify the theoretical foundations of law developed in Britain and America. Principally, two contradictory values can be cited as providing the validation and descent of all edict in the United States and the Britain especially England. These precise premises are the natural law and the positive law. The perspective of the positive law provides that the law is created by the people while the natural law constructs that the law has been in existence, with human being the...
Words: 2336 - Pages: 10
...Matthew Sandoval 1 Government 2301 Spring 2012 Interest Groups and Politics The “interest industry” or Interest Groups is often pointed out as one of the unusual features of the American political system. A structurally weak state is seen as being penetrated by wealthy and vigorous lobbying groups, raising the questions of to whom. Elected politicians are in practice accountable, and how real political power is allocated. While these interest groups are sometimes effective in achieving their own aims, the bias towards business groups suggests that, far from improving policymaking, the influence of interest groups actually worsens it. The strong presence of interest groups is certainly not in doubt. The representation of interests is the third-largest source of employment in Washington D.C., providing work for around 40,000 active lobbyists (Twyman, 1). Groups are also organized in state capitals, especially in Sacramento, CA and Austin, TX. This impressive presence, in comparison to other countries, stems at least partly from the structural weakness of other parts of the American political system. The framers of the Constitution fragmented the state into competing institutions, thus providing plenty of leverage points for interest groups; those which do not get satisfaction in the one branch of government can pursue it in another (Debbie, 4). In addition the main political parties are ill-disciplined and weak; legislators who vote against the party line...
Words: 2855 - Pages: 12
...3D Printing: Manufacturing Randall Ballard, Jerry Boggs, Bol Bol, and Jiro Newton DeVry University LAS 432 Professor Lynn Wallace April 19, 2014 Table of Contents I. 3D Printing: Manufacturing – Randall, Jerry, Bol, and Jiro 4 II. How 3D Printing Works – Randall 4 a. 3D Printing or Additive Manufacturing? 5 b. Commercial Manufacturing 5 III. The Historical Development and Context of the Technology – Randall 6 c. Chuck Hall 6 i. Time line. 7 d. A 3D Printer in Every Home 7 IV. How New is the Technology? – Jerry 8 e. Is it Really Printing? 8 V. The Technology’s Potential to Disrupt Industries – Jerry 9 VI. Communicating With the 3D Printer – Jerry 9 f. The Process 10 ii. The 8-step process. 10 g. Reducing the Development Time 11 VII. Economic Considerations – Jerry 11 h. Rapid Prototyping 12 i. What Is the ROI? 12 j. Manufacturing Processes 13 iii. Economies of scale. 13 k. The Level of Interest 14 iv. Digitizing creative content. 14 v. Is it your creation? 15 l. Localization vs. Outsourcing 15 VIII. The Psychological Perspective & Social Effect – Jerry 16 m. A Paradigm Shift...
Words: 9864 - Pages: 40
...SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE THABA TSHWANE THE CAUSES AND DYNAMICS OF CONFLICT IN CENTRAL AFRICA By Ms C. Auret November 2009 This research paper was written by a programme member attending the South African National Defence College in fulfilment of one of the requirements of the Executive National Security Programme 20/09. The paper is a scholastic document and this contains facts and opinions which the author alone considered appropriate and correct for subject. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of any agency, including the South African Government or Department of Defence. This paper may not be released, quoted or copied except with the express permission of the Department of Defence. INDEX |HEADING |PAGE | | | | | | | |Abstract……………………………………………………………………………… |3 | |Introduction………………………………………………………………………….. |3 | |Historical Review of Conflict in Central Africa ……………………………...
Words: 7988 - Pages: 32
