...Lansing, Michigan, and in 1965, received her master's degree from the same university. She went on to Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, to earn a PhD in 1969. Her model emphasizes preventative health measures and outlines the important roles that nurses’ play in helping patients prevent illness by self-care and wise choices. Dr. Pender's theory differs from most other nursing theories in that it focuses on positive nursing interventions rather than on providing care after illness has occurred. Promoting optimal health is considered more important than preventing disease. According to the theory, nurses have a primary role in teaching patients to make healthy choices and care for themselves. If patients participate in their own care and make wise choices, they will have better health and be able to prevent many illnesses and diseases. Pender believed that a person's self-definition of health had more importance than a generalized designation of health. Health seeking behaviors can be influenced by cognitive-perceptual factors such as the importance of personal health to the individual, perceived advantages of healthy living and possible disadvantages of health promoting behavior. These factors can be further modified by other considerations including interpersonal influences, cultural factors and biological and demographic characteristics. Nurses play a very important role in directing patients toward the goal of optimal health. References There are no sources in...
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...Heritage tool help the author recognized different cultures thoughts, beliefs. This tool helps to evaluate the similarities and differences between different cultures. No one becomes culturally competent overnight or with one or two hours of training; certain attitudes need to be learned, skills transmitted, and knowledge absorbed (California Endowment, 2003). People from different culture have different beliefs about their health traditions. They have a different approach for protection, maintenance, and restoration of their health. This paper will compare the similarities and differences regarding health practice methods among the Hindus, Muslims, and White cultures. Health Protection Health Protection is the way of living healthy lifestyle by preventing from illness and diseases. It is how people from different cultures protect their and family health from diseases on a regular basis. Hindus Hindus follows religious teaching practice for prayers, ritual cleaning, social life and family harmony. They strongly belief in 'Karma,’ or repercussions for the deed and result of their past lives can affect the present life (Sonia Gordon, 2006).The Hindu religion followers believe that the body is made up of natural elements: earth, air, fire, water, etc. Ones state of good health is indicated...
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...understanding. 2. Overview and historical background Community psychology movement developed in the USA, during an era when there was growing concern about both lack of resources and treatment facilities and the impact of social systems on the human psyche (Iscoe& Speilberger, cited in New perspective in community psychology, 2002) In the 1980s it then gained interest in South Africa, in parallel with the struggle for democracy, when psychologist examined the appropriateness’ of Euro-American based psychology. Public health on the other hand was developed during the era of industrial revolution. It was stimulated by unhealthy social conditions in both industrialised, urban and rural areas .It is based on the western or biomedical model of illness which assumes that disease and distress are a result of lesions within the body or the mind. (Tutorial letter, 2013:8) 3. Approaches of public health and community psychology to social problems Public health identifies four models sanitary health science, social medicine, community health and the new public health...
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...government and non-governmental organizations, media and for the most part individuals and the community. Health promotion emphases on accomplishing parity in health and its deed targets at dropping variances in present-day health status and safeguarding equal opportunities and resources to empower all individuals to attain their fullest wellbeing. The focus of health promotion has flourished from disease prevention to promoting wellness and improving living standards. According to World Health Organization “health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions”. The chief objective is to increase health awareness among individuals, families and community through providing of information and health education thereby making them responsible for their own health, the health of others in the community and be responsible conserving the natural environment around them. Nurses are involved in promoting health whether in a hospital or in the community. They play an active part in all phases of care, to inspire and aid an increasing state of wellbeing. Health teaching is delivered at almost every interface with clients. They are often the initiators of behavioral changes. This is every so often because individuals will find themselves under the care of a nurse, either in an acute care setting, or in a primary care...
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...Health Promotion Elva Cantu 09/08/12 Health Promotion Health promotion is helping people take charge of their body in order to obtain the best health possible. It is learning to balance physical, social, emotional, intellectual and spiritual health. Lifestyle change is encouraged through awareness and through an environment that supports good health practices. The purpose of health promotion is to encourage good health behaviors and improve living and working conditions which will then enhance a better quality of life and reduce premature deaths. There are three levels of health promotion prevention which include primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention is an action taken before there is any onset of disease and it removes the possibility that the disease will occur. Positive health is promoted and encouraged which in return, enables an individual to lead a productive life. Secondary prevention is an action taken to stop the progress of a disease at its beginning stage and prevent complications. It is in the domain of clinical medicine. It is less effective and more expensive than primary prevention. The third level is tertiary prevention which provides measures to reduce or limit disabilities and impairment caused by disease and bad health. It lessens suffering and helps patients adjust to the conditions. There are various theories on how to implement health promotion which targets behavior change. Elder et al....
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...people. Though, “prevention is better than cure”. To prevent disease in the healthcare needs a wide range of consistent programs, actions and activities. Recognizing the health problems and evolving healthy life style is vital for people in our era and platform. Furthermore, the global economy is straining by increasing healthcare expenses. Thus, health promotion is the only way to reduce health incidence (occurrence of new cases) of definite diseases such as obesity, autism, heart disease, diabetes, lung cancer and many more. Some are focused efforts of public health professionals and agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) office of Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the American Cancer Society, (Prevention of Disease (2011, ¶ 1 to 3). The effectiveness of global and local disease prevention programs depend mostly on individuals on how they take their personal responsibilities by avoiding tobacco use, substance abuse, and unsafe sex. All health problems start as a small issues than and develops into major illnesses. Many of these problems/ illnesses/ diseases can be prevented with adequate education at individual, institutional and community levels, (Prevention of Disease (2011, ¶ 1 to 3). Nurses play a major role in promoting health education to decrease the cost of health care and to advance disease prevention. Well-defined three levels of prevention such as; primary, secondary, and tertiary. (Edelman & Mandle, (2010,...
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...to experience Scribd: • English • 中文 • Español • العربية • Português • 日本語 • Deutsch • Français • Turkce • Русский язык • Tiếng việt • Język polski • Bahasa indonesia Download Go BackAdd Note Link Embed Save [pic]of 8 Readcast [pic] [pic][pic][pic] Dr. Nola J. Pender PhD, RN, FAANa nursing theorist who first presented her Health Promotion Model for nursing in her book HealthPromotion in Nursing Practice (1982). She developed the idea that promoting optimal health supersedespreventing disease. Pender's theory identifies cognitive-perceptual factors in the individual, such asimportance of health, perceived benefits of health-promoting behaviors, and perceived barriers to health-promoting behaviors. These factors are modified by demographic and biologic characteristics andinterpersonal influences, as well as situational and behavioral factors. They help predict participation inhealth-promoting behavior. The individual's definition of health for himself or herself has more importance thana general statement about health. A major assumption in Pender's theory is that health, as a positive high-level state, is assumed to be a goal toward which an individual strives. Pender Nursing Theory The Health Promotion Model of nursingNola Pender, former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan, has developed a rational-choice modelof healthcare. This is not really a nursing theory per se, but a psychological...
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...Running head: HERITAGE ASSESSMENT Heritage Assessment: A Comparison of Three Cultures Sufi Heritage Assessment: A Comparison of Three Cultures America’s growing diversity is increasing day by day as it is considered to be the “land of opportunity”. People from all over the world are here with different cultures. As United States has increasingly cultural diversity -Asian are 3.6 %, one tenth % of US population will be foreign born by 2050 (Gregory Juckett, 2005). It has become very important to understand and respect this various cultural beliefs especially in the healthcare system. All cultures have equal values and are different from one another. Heritage Assessment is a tool to help us know about one beliefs and the health tradition. Heritage tool help the author recognized different cultures thoughts, beliefs. This tool helps to evaluate the similarities and differences between different cultures. No one becomes culturally competent overnight or with one or two hours of training; certain attitudes need to be learned, skills transmitted, and knowledge absorbed (California Endowment, 2003). People from different culture have different beliefs about their health traditions. They have a different approach for protection, maintenance, and restoration of their health. This paper will compare the similarities and differences regarding health practice methods among the Hindus, Muslims, and White cultures. This author...
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... 2011 Jackie DePaulis Chronic and Infectious Disease Paper In today’s society many individual are living with a chronic or infectious disease. Chronic disease is one the most common and preventable of health problems in the United States. Although, chronic diseases are more common in older adults, but it can affect people of all ages. Some infectious disease is caused by bacteria or viruses in an individual body. These types of disease can be passed from person to person. This paper will discuss the characteristic of chronic illness, the relationship between healthy nutritional program and cardiovascular disease, effects of chronic and infectious disease on the immune system, how exercise affects the immune system, and last it will focus on the importance of awareness and education as it relates to health enviorment and chronic illnesses. Characteristic of Chronic Illness Chronic disease can be caused by different factors such as heredity, lifestyle factor, and emotional and psychological factors (CNS, 2011). Chronic illness does not match the common pattern of how illness unfolds. Chronic illnesses are illnesses of long duration and are usually slow progressing meaning it can last for long periods and slowly progress worse many times leading to severe damage to the body and eventually death in most cases. Sometimes the long term effects of chronic illness can be difficult to anticipate. Heart disease, Irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis, emphysema, and diabetes...
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...Literature Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V Family Health Promotion 27-Jun-2011 (O109) 06/30/2011 Sickness and diseases has been a global problems predominantly facing mankind. These challenges led to the integration of various programs such like health promotion program, in effort to curb chronic diseases with its relating risk factors and assist in promoting good health and wellness. Health promotion was formed to encourage people to take preventive measure towards their health and to curb the deterioration of sickness and diseases thereby implementing a healthier life style. One of the ultimate goals of health promotion is improving quality of life of an individual, families and communities. These great challenges require a comprehensive approach towards eradicating and/or minimizing its health complications. Health promotion is the ability to create understanding about health among individuals, enabling them to gain that knowledge about their health and willingly take control in other to improve the quality of their health. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health (WHO, 2006). This program is designed to educate people and have them acknowledge the importance of knowing health issues and ways to respond to it. It is a fundamental channel where premature deaths and unnecessary injuries and diseases can be averted. Nursing has been advocating for adequate...
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...Family Assessment The Rorateivava family is composed of Ro Seru and Naomi ages 57years and 49 years and their children Ratu Sakiusa 32years who is married to Meresiana 30 years and have three young children, Adi Mila 4 years, Ro Jone 3yrs and Adi Vasiti 1 year who also live with the Rorateivava family, Adi Vasiti 33years, Adi Mila 31 years, Adi Filomena 25 years and Ratu Suliana 24 years. They are of I-Taukei ancestry and they hail from Togalevu village and their religious group is Christianity (Roman Catholic). The family’s activities include daily house chores for the females and farming for the males. Mrs. Naomi works at a nearby hotel known as Holiday Inn doing housekeeping jobs. Ro Seru Rorateivava is a retired cement factory work and is doing full time subsistence farming to support the whole family. Family education level is quite fascinating since all of the Rorateivava siblings went up to Secondary and Tertiary level of education.Both parents describe the family health status as “good” from their perspective. Issues that might be of concern include the following. The Rorateivava family is a strong, supportive family with average financial resources. There is expressed concern regarding weight gain, high blood pressure and smoking. Hansons defined nursing diagnosis as a “clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems or life processes”. (Hanson, 2001. Pg.150) Family Health and Social Problems identified: ...
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...which contributes to a sedentary lifestyle that has become the norm. What we have is a recipe for overweight and obesity. Policies must be made to intercede and change the direction of America’s spiraling weight and health problems. We must find a way to inspire people to make behavior changes within the current environment that are sufficient to resist the push of environmental factors toward weight gain. This will require conscious effort on the part of most people to make behavior choices that counteract the environmental pressure. (Hill, J.C., 2003) Many cities across America are adapting new policies to address the problems of environment and behavior. Policies for more nutritional education and increased availability of fresh healthy foods in schools are increasing. More parks and recreation centers are being built, especially in low income areas where they are few or absent. One of the national policies put into effect in the last few years, as part of the Health Care Reform Act, states “establishments with 20 or more locations nationwide must post calories in a clear and conspicuous manner," along with "a succinct statement concerning suggested daily caloric intake." With this information being easily available and ‘in your face’ people may be more likely to make a healthier food choice when eating out. Calorie labeling demonstrates that larger portions have more calories. (Nestle, 2010) California, along with many states across the country, are...
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...political and economic shifts, public health has become a huge topic of concern. More and more communities are depending on public health organizations for information, education and assistance in maintaining a healthy society. In The Untilled Fields of Public Health, Charles-Edward Amory Winslow defines public health as “the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals” (Charles-Edward Amory). Public health is a non-exclusive entity. In public health, the “community” in which an issue is concerned with includes all people affected by a specific concern, illness, affliction, policy or law. Public health considers the community, not an individual, as the patient in which a proactive stance is taken, rather than a reactive one. Public health uses demographics and statistics to predict health issues and acts in accordance with those predictions to try and prevent illness or disease that a community might be at a high risk for. Public health accomplishes this by promoting awareness through providing education and information, as well as providing services that might be needed for the prevention of said illness or disease. The demographics of public health, as a whole, are non-existent. Public health is an all-inclusive organization. They do not exclude any one culture, race, income grade, region or country. Public health...
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...F912: Promoting Good Health Health & Social Care AS Contents Page A01 – Pages 3 - 13 A02 - A03 – A04 – Promoting good health This unit explores what is good health, the models, the range of lifestyle choices and societal factors which influence health and well-being. Health and well-being are not only affected by an individual’s lifestyle choices (e.g. smoking, eating unhealthy ‘fatty food), but also by societal and environmental issues (e.g. living near a motorway – high pollution levels) Government policies and legislation have an imperative part to play in the promotion of good health, as the introduction on screening programmes (e.g. cervical smear test, antenatal screening etc.); which prevent ill health, has been an incredible and useful tool. Health promoters also have a significant role to play in helping individual’s using services to make the right decision about their health. As their choice of presentation approach can make or damage a health promotion campaign. Further, health promoters need to take into account the presentation methods, and to ensure that they have been chosen well to confirm that the message is successfully put over to the individual to whom it is directed. What is ‘health’? The Worlds Health Organisation (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. However, others may simply define health as the absence of illness, eating...
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...families who are members of vulnerable populations and high risk groups. Public health nurse integrate community involvement and knowledge about the entire population with personal clinical understandings of the health and illness experiences of individuals and families within the population. Community and public nurse focus on the prevention of illness, injury or disability, the promotion of health and maintenance of the health of the populations, they work with communities, target health promotion and disease prevention, they act as teachers, counselors and plays an important role in preventing wide spread illness and disease. Community and public health nurses’ goal is to promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations through the delivery of personal health services to individuals, families, and groups, and also the prevention of disease and disability, to promote and protect the community as a whole. According to Stanhope & Lancaster (2012), nursing has numerous roles including identifying vulnerable individuals and families through outreach and case findings, encouraging vulnerable groups to obtain health services, developing programs that respond to their needs and teaching vulnerable individuals, families and groups strategies to prevent illness and promote health (pg. 728). My community family consists of an African American marriage male and female for over 5 years with a pregnant young adult, 2 teenagers a male and female, toddler and preschooler. As you...
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