...CASE 49: PROPERTY CRIMES I. Executive summary The focus of this study is the examination of the data provided by U.S government agencies. Our analysis revealed that of the eight possible contributing factors, only three variables (namely, urbanization rate, high school dropout rate, and population density) affected property crime rates. Our data analysis model accounted for approximately 66% of the factors contributing to property crimes. The model is generally considered to be statistically strong, however, if we need to account for the remaining 34% of factors contributing to property crime rates in the U.S., further data and evaluation of other possible factors would be necessary. II. Introduction According to the US Department of Justice (2006), property crime includes several criminal offenses such as burglary; car and motorcycle theft, larceny theft and arson. Property crimes involve “taking of money or property, but there is no force or threat of force against the victims.” One exception to the basic rule, however, is arson which does not involve the taking of property and does involve force against the victims. The purpose of this case study is to evaluate available data and attempt to determine the variables that contribute the most and address several conceptions and misconceptions about the leading causes of property crimes in the U.S. The questions that this study will answer include: 1. Are crime rates higher in urban than rural areas? 2...
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...Property Crimes and the Criminals Behind it History of Theft Theft is not unique to modern times the theft of personal property has been known throughout history. The crusades of the eleventh century inspired peasants and downtrodden noblemen to leave the shelter of their of estates to prey upon passing pilgrims. Crusades felt it was within their rights to appropriate the possessions of any infidels Greeks, Jews, or Muslims they happened to encounter during their travels. By the thirteenth century, returning pilgrims not content to live as serfs on feudal estates, gathered in the forests of England and the continent to poach game that was the rightful property of their lord or king and when possible to steal from passing strangers. By the fourteenth century, many such highwaymen and poachers were full-time thieves, stealing great numbers of cattle and sheep and terrorizing the countryside. The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries brought hostilities between England and France in the Hundred Years’ War. Foreign mercenary troops fighting for both sides roamed the countryside; loot and pillage were viewed as a rightful part of their pay. As cities developed and a permanent class of property less urban poor came into being, theft became more professional. By the eighteenth century, three separate groups of property criminals were active: Skilled thieves typically worked in the large cities, such as London and Paris. This group included pickpocket, forgers, and counterfeiters, who...
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...report that researches the national property crime rates and victimization trends, but before I get started; I would like to provide you the definition of what Citrus County Sheriff Offices definition of a property crime. Property crimes in Citrus County are one out of the many commonly charged convicted offenses throughout the United States of America. This is largely due to citizens in every city, state or town are shoplifting and maybe spray painting walls which is known as graffiti isn’t a serious offense, but us American take pride in our property and we will do what’s necessary to protect it, but a property crimes in Florida, let alone Citrus County sound exactly like they are; crime that has to do with property that has some worth to it. • The common characteristics of all property crimes. -...
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...Property Crime Determinants Executive Summary There are three primary determinants that effect property crime, which are the high school dropout rate, the population density, and the percentage of people who reside in an urban area. It was found that other factors such as unemployment, public aid , and income do not significantly contribute towards the level of property crime and are actually some of the misconceptions involving crime in the United States. Introduction Perception is the way that a situation may be viewed by an individual or group through "an awareness or understanding of" that situation (Merriam-Webster online, 2010). This understanding may not always be correct. A person's understanding may be clouded by various things that actually cause a misunderstanding of the situation: such as personal factors that create a bias, incorrect or skewed data, information provided by the media, and so on. Property crime is one of these situations where perception may not always be reality. The purpose of this research is to study data that has to do with several factors that may or may not effect property crime rates in the United States. I seek to answer several questions regarding property crime rates in the United States: what are the primary determinants of property crime in the United States, what would I like to know about property crime rates that cannot be answered by the provided data, and how does population density effect property crime rates and is this...
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...Crimes against Property 2 The definition for property crimes, according to www.findlaw.com/propertycrime; property crimes are crimes related to theft or destruction of someone else’s property. The crimes can range for shoplifting as the lower level and armed robbery and arson as the higher level. Illustrate the different ways that the taking requirement can be met in the crime of shoplifting, and how private security officers are trained to handle a shoplifting incident. The crime of shoplifting, according to Gardner/ Anderson, (2012); is retail theft, is form of theft and larceny. Shoplifting has the same essential elements as theft and larceny: a taking and carrying away, of the property of another, without consent and with intent to steal and deprive the owner of possession of the property. In modern self-service stores, customers are invited to examine merchandise in display. According to Gardner/ Anderson, (2012); garment may be taken to dressing room and tried on. Stores do not consent to concealment of their merchandise by customers. The merchandise is offered for sale, and if customers are not going to purchase an object, they are obligated to return the merchandise to the display counter in good condition. Private security officers and retail employees, according to Gardner/ Anderson, (2012); if crime was not seen, it has not happened. Customers...
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...Assignment 4: Crimes Against Property Debbie Dale Professor Lori Baggot LEG320 – Criminal Law June 5, 2013 Debbie Dale Professor Baggot LEG 320 – Criminal Law June 5, 2012 Assignment 4- Crimes against Property In the crime of shoplifting the taking requirement can be met by the fact that the shoplifter intentionally came into the store to commit theft. Shoplifters generally sell the stolen goods that they acquire. Shoplifting is defined as stealing goods retail stores by concealment, generally on the person of the defendant. Commission of the act does not require removal of the goods form the store. The key to taking is that the shoplifter takes unauthorized possession over another’s property. Retail stores allow limited use of a customer handling the merchandise. The customers may examine the clothing; take the merchandise into the dressing room to try on and walk through the store with it in hand or in a shopping cart. What makes it shop lifting is when the customer conceals the merchandise and therefore give the intention to take the merchandise. The merchandise is placed on display to be sold and if it is not purchased it should be return to the display rack. Private security officers for retail stores are trained not to apprehend an alleged thief unless they leave the store with the merchandise that they concealed. But according to People v. Britto the New York Court of Appeals ruled that the merchandise does not have to leave...
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...Analyzing Property Crimes in the United States GM 533 Applied Managerial Statistics April 15, 2010 To: Mr. Livingston Date: April 15, 2010 Subject: Analysis of Property Crimes Per your request, we have analyzed the content of Case #49: Property Crimes. There are many preconceived ideas about Property Crimes. Property Crimes do not involve force, but the taking of property or money and is considered to some to be a “high-volume” crime. Property crime would include the taking of jewelry, money, electronics, motor vehicles, cash, and other high priced items. We were given the task of analyzing the data and answering the following questions: 1. Are crime rates higher in urban than rural areas? 2. Does unemployment or education level contribute to property crime rates? 3. Does public assistance contribute to property crime rates? The results are as follows: Data: We are allowed access to a data set containing the following information: 1. Crimes: Property crime rate per hundred thousand inhabitants. The crimes include burglary, larceny, theft, and motor vehicle theft. The calculations for the crimes are noted as the number of property crimes divided by the total population (100,000). 2. P-income: P-income is the per capita income for each state (All 50 states are included in this data set). 3. Dropout: This shows the high school dropout rate. 4. Precipitation: This shows the average precipitation in inches in the major city in each state. 5. Public Aid: This...
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...Crimes against Property Andy Berg Professor Lisa Armonda, J.D. CRJ 105 Crime and Criminal Behavior 21 February 2012 Introduction The phrase "white-collar crime" was coined in 1939 during a speech given by Edwin Sutherland to the American Sociological Society. Sutherland defined the term as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Sutherland). Although there has been some debate as to what qualifies as a white-collar crime, the term today generally encompasses a variety of nonviolent crimes usually committed in commercial situations for financial gain. Many white-collar crimes are especially difficult to prosecute because the perpetrators use sophisticated means to conceal their activities through a series of complex transactions. I researched and found an article on a type of white-collar crime. This is the story of a Minnesota resident named Denny Hecker. The case has finally come to an end. Hecker was sentenced to a prison term of 10 years for two counts of fraud and one count of conspiracy. He is the former owner of an auto empire with Chrysler in Minnesota with 26 locations and also owned car rental businesses including Advantage Rent-A-Car. Hecker was basically in a big hole and trying to get out of it. He was hiding assets from the bankruptcy court and was also altering loan documents that ultimately defrauded clients, Chrysler Financial and other lenders out of more than $80 million in loans and...
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...Property and Computer Crimes Paper John Samaniego, CJA354 May 22, 2011 Property and Computer Crimes Paper In today’s society because of the economic stress and high unemployment rate many crimes exist. The criminal justice system has become overwhelmed with various crimes. Summarizing and defining these crimes society will have a better understanding of these crimes as well as the effect these crimes may have on the community in a negative manner. Not only do these crimes effect society these crimes put a major strain on the criminal justice system as well as the professionals within this system. Kidnapping is the act of removing an individual(s) through intimidation, threat(s) fraud or force from the place for which he or she is found. Kidnapping invades one`s privacy as well as disrupts his or her freedom. Kidnapping also considered a form of aggravated false imprisonment because of the moving and hiding an individual(s). Early common law says that abduction by force and transporting of individual(s) out of his or her country created an act of kidnapping. In today`s judicial system kidnapping cases look more upon the degree of movement in regard to the distance that the abductor(s) forcefully moved an individual(s) Movement must involve substantial amount of distance. For example, forcing an individual out of one`s way or even moving an individual across the street is not looked upon as kidnapping in the criminal justice system (Schmalleger, 2010). False imprisonment...
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...Case Study 49: Property Crimes First M Last (firstlast@mail.com) For Professor Beintema Managerial Statistics (GM533) Keller School of Management August 2010 I. Executive summary Our study examined data provided by various U.S. government agencies on property crime rates in the fifty U.S. states and eight possible contributing factors such as per capita income, high school dropout rate, average precipitation, population density, and urbanization. Our analysis revealed that of the eight possible contributing factors, only three variables (namely, urbanization rate, high school dropout rate, and population density) affected property crime rates. Our data analysis model accounted for approximately 66% of the factors contributing to property crimes. The model is generally considered to be statistically strong, however, if we need to account for the remaining 34% of factors contributing to property crime rates in the U.S., further data and evaluation of other possible factors would be necessary. II. Introduction According to the US Department of Justice (2006), property crime includes several criminal offenses such as burglary; car and motorcycle theft, larceny theft and arson. Property crimes involve “taking of money or property, but there is no force or threat of force against the victims.” One exception to the basic rule, however, is arson which does not involve the taking of property and does involve force against the victims. The purpose of this case...
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...MACROECONOMIC EVILS ON PROPERTY AND VIOLENT CRIMES IN MALAYSIA Chor Foon Tang♣ University of Malaya ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of macroeconomic evils – unemployment and inflation on different categories of crime rates – property and violent crimes in Malaysia via the multivariate Johansen-Juselius and Granger causality techniques. This study used annual data from 1970 to 2006. Johansen-Juselius cointegration tests revealed that property and violent crimes are cointegrated with unemployment and inflation. Furthermore, the empirical evidence exhibit that unemployment and inflation are the driving factors for crimes in Malaysia. Therefore, supply-side economy may be an ideal choice of policy to reduce crime rates in Malaysia. Keywords: Crime, Inflation, Unemployment, Malaysia 1. INTRODUCTION Recent deliberation on whether “Malaysia is a safe haven for travel and investment?” was frequently asked by the international tourists and foreign investors owing to the increasing trend of crime rates in Malaysia. From the visual inspection in Figure 1, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia has increased quite significantly between 1970 and 2006. Over a decade from 1970 to 1980, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia increased more than two folds. The property crime rate increased drastically from 25 thousand cases in 1970 to 66 thousand cases in 1980. In the similar vein, violent crime rates increased from...
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...Overview: This paper presents statistics on major factors that affects the property crime rates in the U.S. Abstract: The property crime rates of 45.7% occurs more in urban areas. About 16.8% of the crimes were committed by high school dropouts and only 0.4% of the crimes that occurs were related to the population density. The type of property crimes that happens includes larceny-theft, home burglary, home invasion, grand theft auto, forgery, and arson. These types of crimes may be caused by factors such as high school dropouts, the population density per square mile, and people living in urban areas. The paper will focus on the crimes against properties such as larceny-theft, home burglary, and grand theft auto, not a person. Crimes of property happen more often than other crimes. Larceny is a type of theft when someone takes something that does not belong to them. Home burglary is breaking into a private resident with the intent of stealing something. Grand theft auto is an act of stealing a motor vehicle. Are the property crime rates higher in urban areas? Does the level of education have any effect on the percentage of crimes that are happening? How about the percentage of people living in a population per square mile? All of these factors may play an important role with the number of crimes that are happening today. Method: Louis J. Moritz, an Operations Manager, collected data from a variety of U.S. government sources. He provided a sample data set of...
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...Shoplifting is a very big problem in America. Shoplifting affects more than the offender. It overburdens the police and the courts, adds to a store's security expenses, costs consumers more for goods, costs communities lost dollars in sales taxes and hurts children and families. Not all shoplifters are the same, there are two distinct types. There are also many ways to help prevent shoplifting. The consumer is affected in a few different ways because of shoplifting. For the consumer who shoplifts, which is usually a teenager or senior citizen, the law affects them. No shoplifter will never get caught even though that is what most believe. As shoplifters steal for longer periods of time, and their shoplifting progresses as they start to steal bigger and more expensive items more frequently. As time goes they start to become involved with car shopping, stealing cars, and breaking in to houses. Shoplifting has consequences, which vary from getting your parents called all the way to large amounts of jail time. Even people who accompany shoplifters are in danger; for being with a shoplifter is almost as bad as shoplifting. That is why it is important to stay away from people who are shoplifting. If it is your friend who is shoplifting the best is to try to get him to stop. You could do this by telling him not to, reminding him of the consequences, and maybe even threatening to tell authority if has to come to that. If someone ever asks you to steal you should know the answer is no...
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...MAT 152 Final Exam 100% Correct Answers http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/mat-152-final-exam-100-correct-answers/ To Get this Tutorial Copy & Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) Common Final Exam, SP2015 Name: _______________ Show all necessary work! Answers without work may not receive any partial credit. Round all decimal answers to one decimal place unless otherwise instructed. 1. Solve the following equations. There is one of each type we studied this semester. Show all necessary work. a. 2 ( 6 ) 푥 = 1296 b. 푥 2 − 6 푥 < 7 c. 3 푥 3 − 4 푥 2 − 12 푥 + 16 = 0 d. | 푥 − 1 2 | = 3 e. √ 3 푥 2 + 4 − 2 푥 = 0 f. 푙표푔 4 64 = 푥 g . 푙표푔 2 푥 + 푙표푔 2 ( 푥 − 6 ) = 4 Page 2 of 7 Applications!! J 2. A company has determined that its profit for a product can be described by a linear function. The profit from the production and sale of 150 units is $455 and the profit from 250 units is $895. 1. Find the rate of change of profit for this product when between 150 and 250 units are sold. 1. Write the equation of the profit function for this product here. c. Use the profit function equation to predict the profit from the Sale of 280 units. d. How many units have to be sold for the break – even point for this product? 3. Solve the system of equations using a matrix. { 2 푥 + ...
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...Councilwoman Shellie Milne voting no on the measure. The ordinance requires that landlords register their rental properties with the city, pay for and submit to inspections and undergo “crime-free housing training”. The ordinance, which stems from resident complaints about blight, is unfair to landlords, and does not address the root cause of blight, irresponsible tenants. The root causes of blight in Hemet are the same as in any other city in America today and have little to do with the landlords. It is irresponsible tenants that cause blight. It is irresponsible tenants who would rather spend their welfare checks on alcohol and drugs rather than pay their rent. Without receiving the rents from moochers who are trying to live rent free, there is no money left for managing property and making necessary repairs. What is worse, now we have a harmful new city ordinance that makes it more difficult for the taxpaying property owner to manage his property since the ordinance will ultimately result in property owners paying out more money in both fees and fines. The Hemet city council, in their attempt to satisfy some residents complaints about blight, have ignored the on-going problem of free loading irresponsible tenants who skip out on months of rent while leaving behind an often trashed rental for the property owner to repair at much out-of- pocket cost. Even if he wins a monetary judgment in his favor for his losses, he usually...
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