...experienced one of the worlds worst droughts and hence makes water conservation a very complex issue. Although there is no problem-free solution, the desalination plant is an effective and reliable process which can provide purified water in a sustainable, economical and environmental way. ("12 Biggest Pros And Cons Of Desalination")(California Academy of Sciences) The desalination plant uses sea water to create drinkable water for everyone to access. The process of the desalination plan can be approached in two ways. The first is reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis is when the sea water is forced to go through a filter so that it can separate the salt from the water. Additionally,...
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...cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted into other forms of energy like solar energy, needs the sun to produce and harvest its energy. There are other forms of energy that can be used for our consumption and they are; fossil fuel: oil, natural gas, and coal, nuclear energy, Solar energy, Wind power, Water (hydro) power, Bioconversion (biofuel). Although, they can help produce energy there are pros and cons to using them for energy consumption. The fossil fuels for one are the most widely used source of energy used because of its reliable resources that can be converted. The con is it will run out because our consumption is more than the resource can produce. Nuclear energy produces 1/6 of the worlds electricity and it doesn`t produce greenhouse gases. The cons are that they are time consuming to build and their lifespan is short, also they are very toxic that can last for ten thousand years waste is a problem because it is hard to keep it safely disposed of or contained. Solar energy is more abundant than any other resource and it is unlimited. The cons are it needs to have a better network to function and distribute its energy to...
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...Rene Neal-De-Stanton Eng1A Dr. Nahas Annotated Bibliography Works Cited Khan, S.J. "GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs): FOOD SECURITY OR THREAT TO FOOD SAFETY." Pakistan Journal of Science 64.2 (2012): 6.-12. Santa Rosa Junior College Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Oct. 2015. <HTTP://santarosa.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=78909697&site=eds-live&scope=site>. This article examines how Biotechnology is a vital issue that impacts all of us and the Development of genetically modified organisms is one of the greatest discoveries through this recent technology. The author believes that many types of transgenic FOODS will be ready for commercialization, including varieties with that come with, greater tolerance of bio-tic and a-bio tic stresses, resistance to herbicides, improved nutritional quality, and novel pharmaceutical proteins. The only downfall is that Information is scarce about health hazards in GM crops. Therefore urgently need publicly available ecological assessments of the risks and benefits of transgenic crops before new varieties are released The authors this article are Khan S.J., Muafia S., Nasreen, Z, Salaryia, A.M. Who wrote this for the Pakistan Journal of science. This site is peer reviewed and covers topics extensive in biology, chemistry, physics, geology and mathematics. This article was published through the science journal "Transgenic Research' in affiliation with Biotechnology...
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...What is a GM crop? According to WHO Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally. But with this gift comes with a great burden. In this essay I will be discussing the pros and cons of GM crops, like is this going to revolutionize agriculture, increase yields and profit for farmers or is it going to bring a great amount of trouble like the evolution of super weeds and super bugs. Is this a giant leap for the future or is it a wolf in sheep’s clothing? The first commercial GM crop was Flavr Savr tomato created in California. Flavr Savr was engineered to slow the ripening process of the tomato and prevent it from softening, while still allowing the tomato to maintain red and juicy for longer. However the process of transferring genes for one organism to another is a time consuming processes as you have no control to where the gene will attach or even if the proportion of DNA it lands is the part you want. This combing all these factors together we can see that genetic engineering is a very expensive procedure. But even with all this complication we can still invest our money in to it as we can see the countless benefits GM crops have. Let us start with a simple advantage of GM crops it is the reduction of chemicals released into the environment. It is argued that, by modifying crops to resist certain pests or diseases, farmers can reduce or even eliminate the need to spray...
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...kill the weeds that grow in the fields. Some people are saying that they GMOS help the body absorb some the vitamins we need in are body to make are body healthy ("PolicyMic."). Fourteen states have now tried to legislated a law that shows which foods are genetically modified and the risks that involves the food modifications. California is trying to follow the legislation in becoming the fifteenth state. People say we do not need to know what is modified or not because the food we eat no matter what has bacteria on them ("PolicyMic."). Henry Miller pointed out that the GMOS help crops grow in harsh environments produce less water and less carbon oxide ("PolicyMic."). The GMOS help produce cheaper food in huge amounts and in a suitable manner. Companies do not want the consumers to know about the genetically modified food because it could traumatize the business. Scientists say there is no way right now to show actually what is all in the food they serve, because they do not want to scary the consumers away by giving them false accusations about the food they are genetically modifying ("PolicyMic."). All the food that is genetically modified is drought tolerable, pest and...
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...Coreena Martinez ENV/310 Hydrological Cycle Elizabeth Stevens February 9, 2015 Hydrological Cycle What is the water cycle? “The water cycle describes the existence and movement of water on, in, and above the Earth. Earth’s water is always in movement and is always changing states, from liquid to vapor to ice and back again. The water cycle has been working for billions of years and all life on Earth depends on it continuing to work; the Earth would be a pretty stale place without it” (USGS). The water cycle does not have a starting point, but since most of Earth’s water comes from the oceans where it will begin. “The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in the oceans. Some of it evaporates as vapor into the air; a relatively smaller amount of moisture is added as ice and snow sublimate directly from the solid state into vapor. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere, along with water from evapotranspiration, which is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. The vapor rises into the air where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into clouds. Air currents move clouds around the globe, and cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Snowpacks in warmer climates often thaw and melt when spring arrives, and the melted water flows overland as snowmelt. Most precipitation...
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...The Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Organisms The demand for food will continue to grow each year and will always be continuous. Farming is one of the methods for producing food established by our ancestors many years ago. The farming process is still in use today and its techniques are pretty much the same. It is more industrialized and is on a much larger scale due to the high demand of food and food products. This high demand creates the opportunity for companies to develop new ways of producing crops more efficiently while making large sums of profits. One controversial technology is the process of genetically engineering modified seeds, also known as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). GMOs are made with engineered materials with the goal of improving the original organism. They can then be used to produce GM food. This new technology has a wide range of possible benefits, from helping farmers, to improving food, to helping the environment. Genetically modified food may even one day be used to help solve world hunger. However, it also has its dangers and risks, which need to be considered along with its benefits. The fact that not everything is known about GMOs, and that large corporations use it to make a profit, is scary for many people. The recent technology of genetically engineering crops, which involves modifying their genetic structure, has led to benefits for farmers and everyday people; however, there are also numerous concerns due to the fact that the...
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...With the production of genetically modified foods (GMFs) becoming more prevalent today, debates about whether it is right to use technology to create new forms of plant and animal life are on the rise. Proponents of GMFs believe these crops will reduce the use of pesticides and other chemicals, and are just as safe as traditional crops. Opponents, on the other hand, feel the use of chemicals is scarcely reduced in GMFs and fear contamination of traditional farm crops... It is possible that GMFs are not bad for us at all and might be rather beneficial to building a sustainable future for all forms of life (Castle, S., Modified Corn, 2014 February 11th) Genetically modified crops were born like cross breeding, it was introduced from a gene through a different organism. The beginning of GM crops was in 1977 when the discovery that soil bug Agrobacterium tumefaction’s can be used as a tool to inject useful foreign genes and DNA into plants. This microorganism, with additional help from other gene-implantation technologies such as electroporation, and gene guns, geneticists have developed a variety of different GM crops. Genetically modified crops can be altered to grow under many different conditions such as extreme cold, dry spells, or where there are high levels of salt in the soil. Unexpected cold and frost can kill young crops so, according to Deborah Whitman “An antifreeze gene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze...
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...freshwater. This process of converting seawater to clean water has caused an answer too many countries. Countries from the Middle East where there is a massive crisis of clean water, they are recurring to this cost-effective process to the solution of the water crisis. Humans cannot drink salty water, but saline water can be made into freshwater, which people need every day to live. The process is called desalination, and as the lack of fresh water grow more countries will use it to provide drinking water. Fresh water will be in short supply in some part of the United States and the world. As the population continues to grow, the lack of fresh water will appear more frequently. In many desert regions of the world including United States, the drought of fresh water resources has been critical, and it will be increasingly influential in the future. The water problem needs to be considered seriously as fossil energy resources to continue the factors of the world stability. Desert regions simply do not have rivers, lakes that provide with the supply of fresh water and have only few underground water resources such as wells. The technique of desalination is one of the earliest forms of water treatment and its popularity has been the key to the world today (Perlman, Howard). Is seawater the solution to solve freshwater...
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...Throughout the inception of civilization, restaurants have been an around in one or another shape or form. The utility of a restaurant or inn can provide to hungry travelers from all centuries of the past with invaluable resources of survival. Often times, whether or not a restaurant or inn was in proximity of travelers would determine whether or not these people met life or death. Nowadays, restaurants provide a convenient way to access a meal without having to go through the trouble of buying the raw food ingredients and cooking it yourself. While there are many kinds of restaurants, fast food restaurants tend to be pop up most often in everyday conversations and the media due to the fact that they are big corporations with vast locations throughout the world and are publicly traded in the stock exchange. White Castle is a famous burger restaurant that was once featured in a popular movie involving two young men on an adventure to said restaurant. It also so happens to be known as the first fast food chain. Founded in the 1920’s, White Castle revolutionized the perception that the public had of burgers. At the time, burgers were seen as low quality and were thought to have consisted of scraps and parts of animals that no one liked to eat. With White Castle setting the precedents, the McDonalds’ brothers soon followed suit, as well as Burger King and Taco Bell in the mid-1900’s. The concept of eating out became more accessible as well as more affordable to Americans. Most fast...
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...Even- tually, they will run out. And because of safety concerns and waste disposal prob- lems, the United States will retire much of its nuclear capacity by 2020. In the mean- time, the nation’s energy needs are expected to grow by 33 percent during the next 20 years. Renewable energy can help fill the gap. Even if we had an unlimited supply of fos- sil fuels, using renewable energy is better for the environment. We often call renew- able energy technologies “clean” or “green” because they produce few if any pollutants. Burning fossil fuels, however, sends greenhouse gases into the atmos- phere, trapping the sun’s heat and con- tributing to global warming. Climate scientists generally agree that the Earth’s average temperature has risen in the past century. If this trend continues, sea levels will rise, and scientists predict that floods, heat waves, droughts, and other extreme weather conditions could occur more often. Other pollutants are released into the air, soil, and water when fossil fuels are burned. These pollutants take a dramatic toll on the environment—and on humans. Air pollution contributes to diseases like asthma. Acid rain from...
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...that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. This led to “Oregon fever” The Oregon country stretched along the Pacific coast from the border with Mexican California to the border with Russian Alaska and was claimed by both Great Britain and the United States. “Oregon fever” raged in 1843 as thousands, lured by reports of fine harbors, mild climate, and fertile soil, journeyed for months across the continent to the Willamette Valley. 250,000 Americans had braved the Oregon Trail by 1860; many died en route from disease and exposure, although relatively few died from Indian attacks. Some of those pioneers veered off and went down to California, namely Sacramento River. To promote California’s development, the Mexican government took over the California missions and liberated the 20,000 Indians who worked on them, many of whom intermarried with mestizos and worked as laborers and cowboys on large cattle ranches. The rise of cattle ranching created a new society and economy as agents from New England firms assimilated to Mexican life and married into the families of the Californios. Many American migrants in California had no desire to assimilate into Mexican society and hoped for eventual annexation to the United States; however, at that time American settlers in California were too few. The Manifest Digest was simply a name for all the beliefs of...
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...Electricity: What Powers Our Planet To Whom It May Concern: It’s dark and you are trying to sign paperwork. You want to turn on the lights so you can see better. With one flick, the whole room illuminates. But, congressman, let me ask you. Have you ever wondered how electricity works? What is it that makes electricity possible? What did it take for light to have the ability to stream out of the light bulb? We take electricity for granted, but not many of us actually look into it. People often do not know how electricity is the way it is, but instead they see electricity as something that is very accessible and plentiful. So, congressman, you have the money, and I have the brains. You want to know how to spend the 200 billion? I’ll tell you. Let’s start off with what electricity really is. You hear that word so many times in your daily life, but few have heard the scientific definition. Electricity is a type of energy produced from the existence of electrons or protons, either statically as a build-up of charge, or dynamically as a current. It is usually categorized into two different currents: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Alternating current is a constant flow of electric charge that reverses its course from time to time. Direct current is the opposite; it only runs in one direction. Within those two currents are things such as volts, watts, amperes (or amps), and ohms. Volts are the SI unit of electromotive force, the distinction of potential that would...
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...come to an agreement on the issue of desalination will take time, but it is comforting to know that an alternative to freshwater does exist if needed. Being able to weigh the pros against the cons shines a new light on the topic. The high energy requirements are the main cause of the amount of greenhouse gases. Desalination plants that use reverse osmosis would require less energy than other types of desalination technologies such as distillation. Sydney Water in Australia have projected that a desalination plant that produces up to 500 Mega liters (ML) of water per day through reverse osmosis would require 906 Giga Watt hours (GWh) per year and would produce between 950,000 tons (using the existing energy grid) and 480,000 tons (a gas power station adjoining the desalination plant) of greenhouse gasses per year depending on the source of energy. These alarmingly high amounts of green house gasses are the consequence of the attempts being done to try to bring more fresh water to people in need, but these consequences may be necessary as the world’s only hope of a long term, sustainable water source. Desalinization and climate change have an unordinary, complex relationship. Global warming has increased droughts around the world and turned formerly lush landscapes into near deserts. Due to these droughts, some long standing sources of fresh water are simply no longer reliably available to the hundreds of millions of people around the world that need it. Expanding populations...
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...in 2008 was forced to layoff 40% of their staffing resources. With limited resources, an action plan going forward must be cost efficient and extremely effective. By analyzing and critiquing four potential strategic options, a rational next step for Fiji Water can be discovered. By supporting this plan with marketing tactics and communication, it can attempt to stimulate growth for the company. Current Overview: History: Fiji Water is bottled water artesian water that was founded in 1993 in Colorado and first produced and sold to the world in 1996. It is sourced from the Artesian region of the Fiji Island, packaged, shipped and sold to distributers across the world in various sizes. In 1997 it was introduced to the US in the California and Florida markets (answers.com). Today, its headquarters are located in Los Angeles, its President is John Edward Cochran, and it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Roll International...
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