...Privacy Endangerment with the Use of Data Mining An emergent Information Technology (IT) issue that has been rising in the past few years has been data mining. Data mining is utilized to retrieve personal identifiable information provided by individuals through the use of Internet services such as: social media networks, email, and other networks that contain data bases full of personal information. If such data retrieval if not done careful, it can cause ethical issues for the companies that are involved. The ethical issues related to data mining are violation of privacy, confidentiality, and respect of persons’ rights. Issues that required the immediate attention regarding data mining are: What stops corporations from sharing personal identifiable information with other companies?; How effectively and ethically data mining is use by the government?; Is our privacy and confidentiality truly protected? Social network companies such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google provide users agreements upon joining their services. These agreements underline how the information provided by the user will be utilize by the company and it allows the user to understand how to protect their personal identifiable information while utilizing these social network sites. These companies pride themselves in protecting users’ personal information. However, what happens when the company or an unethical company employee violates these agreements? Personal identifiable information is then released...
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...Description of the Ethical Issue In a technological world protecting patients’ information has become harder and harder to maintain. Todays new threat is social media. According to Elizabeth Scruth, et. al, (2015) social netweorking is one of the most common types of social media being used (para. 5). We live in an era where social media is being used as our own personal journals. Everyday personal experiences and the happenings of our day to day lives are constantly being posted on social networking sites like: Facebook, Allnursing.com, and LinkedIn. Unfortunately some nurses have “posted up” patient information as way to let off steam, seek advice on what to do for a patient’s care or to talk about the events of the work day. When patients are admitted into the hospital they disclose their information to all who are involved in their care; they trust that information will only be revealed to those involved in their care. Nurses do not have the right to disclose patient information on the interent according to Vicki Lachman (2013) this includes discribing patients by nicknames, and patient identifiers such as: room numbers, diagnosis or their conditions (para. 10). As nurses we have a duty to “…maintaining privacy (protecting them[patients] from undue intrusion), and confidentiality (by the discreet management of information about themselves [patients] that they share with us)” (Price, B. 2014). Stake holders, hospitals, nurses, the patient and their families all...
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...Retail, Financial Industries Join to Protect Credit-Card Data Article Analysis This Article Analysis presents to businesses, consumers, and government officials a compilation of best practices for protecting personal information collected by businesses. The report analyzes the current state of federal and state law, self-regulatory industry practices, and consumer concerns surrounding the use of consumer’s personal information. This article offers ideas to guide businesses as they develop privacy policies, allowing businesses to prosper along with increasing consumer confidence. This Article presents some of the most successful and practical responses to managing privacy concerns both online and in store purchase. It is designed to be accessible to government officials, businesses, and consumers. National polls indicate that most consumers are concerned about, and opposed to, the unexpected or unintended use of personal information. However, the majority of consumers fail to exercise their rights under federal law, to opt out of having some of their information bought and sold. Consumers and businesses sometimes have conflicting agendas. On the one hand, businesses want to maximize opportunities to utilize personal information for commercial reasons, including offering goods and services to consumers. On the other hand, consumers generally want to limit the ways their personal information is utilized and want control over that information. By addressing...
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...The Regulations for Protecting Research Subjects (the Common Rule) state that when reviewing protocols, IRBs must determine that there are adequate provisions for protecting the privacy of subjects and to maintaining the confidentiality of data. The Common Rule is just one document that directs researchers to consider privacy and confidentiality when conducting research. The guidelines of the American Anthropological Association, the Oral History Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Sociological Association identify protecting privacy and ensuring confidentiality as key components of respecting the safety and dignity of research subjects. This module will define privacy and confidentiality and discuss their application in various research settings. It will also discuss applicable laws, other than the Common Rule. Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: • Distinguish between privacy and confidentiality • Identify privacy risks associated with study designs • Identify a range of procedures for ensuring confidentiality • Identify relevant laws regarding collection of private information • Identify laws that limit the ability to ensure confidentiality Definitions According to the IRB Guidebook, published by the Office for Human Research Protections, privacy can be defined in terms of having control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing oneself (physically, behaviorally, or intellectually) with...
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...concerns about appropriate use of customer info, protection of personal privacy and protection of intellectual property * Other issues: establishing accountability, setting standards to safeguard system quality, and preserving values and institutions * 5 moral dimensions of the info age * Info rights and obligations individuals/firms possess in respect to themselves * Privacy – Claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance/interference from other individuals, organizations, or the state; claim to be able to control info about yourself * Privacy in public spaces * Data storage & exchange * Laws & expectations in US Vs. EU & Australia * Protecting traditional intellectual property rights in digital society * Who is held accountable and liable for harm done to info and property rights * System quality: standards of data and system quality to protect individual rights * Quality of life: preservation of values in an info and knowledge based society * 4 technological trends of concern * Computing power doubles every 18 months Increased reliance on, and vulnerability to, computer sys * Data storage costs rapidly declining Multiplying database on individuals * Data analysis advances Greater ability to find detailed personal info on individuals * Networking advanced and the Internet Enables moving and accessing large quantities or personal data *...
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...ASSIGHNMENT #2: AIS ATTACKS AND FAILURES: WHO TO BLAME Introduction In this paper, I am going to present about an accounting information system attacks and failures: who to blame. I am also going to discuss the following related topics in the following order: Firstly, I will take a position on whether a firm and its management team should or should not be held liable for losses sustained in a successful attack made on their AIS by outside source. Secondly, I will suggest who should pay for the losses, to whom, and state why. Thirdly, I will give my opinion regarding the role, if any; the federal government should have deciding and enforcing remedies and punishment. Finally, I will evaluate how AIS can contribute or not to contribute to the losses. A Firm and its Management Team Should Be Held Liable for the Losses According to the Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) framework and the Trust Services framework, achieving organization’s business and governance objective require adequate control over IT resources. IT processes must be properly managed and controlled in order to produce information that satisfies the seven criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, confidentiality, integrity, availability, compliance and reliability. These IT processes are grouped into the following four management activities or domains (Romney & Steinbart, 2012). 1. Plan and Organize (PO), 2. Acquire and Implement (AI), 3. Deliver and Support (DS)...
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...The Regulations for Protecting Research Subjects (the Common Rule) state that when reviewing protocols, IRBs must determine that there are adequate provisions for protecting the privacy of subjects and to maintaining the confidentiality of data. The Common Rule is just one document that directs researchers to consider privacy and confidentiality when conducting research. The guidelines of the American Anthropological Association, the Oral History Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Sociological Association identify protecting privacy and ensuring confidentiality as key components of respecting the safety and dignity of research subjects. This module will define privacy and confidentiality and discuss their application in various research settings. It will also discuss applicable laws, other than the Common Rule. Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: * Distinguish between privacy and confidentiality * Identify privacy risks associated with study designs * Identify a range of procedures for ensuring confidentiality * Identify relevant laws regarding collection of private information * Identify laws that limit the ability to ensure confidentiality Definitions According to the IRB Guidebook, published by the Office for Human Research Protections, privacy can be defined in terms of having control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing oneself (physically, behaviorally, or intellectually)...
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...HIPAA Privacy Rule as it Relates to Research Roshontae Henley Holy Names University HIPAA Privacy Rule as it Relates to Research Since the earliest days of nursing, respect for patient privacy and confidentiality has been the building blocks to a successful nurse-patient relationship. Currently, it has become a careful piece in the researcher-participant relationship. Privacy and confidentiality are the most important issues in research ethics. Due to our computer aged society, protection of research participant's privacy has fused a great challenge. Researchers, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), and administrators have their hands full with all the privacy and confidentiality matters that are essential to research. As nurses, we are familiar with the health insurance portability act (HIPAA) as it relates to healthcare. Considerably, the focus of this paper is to expand our knowledge of how maintaining confidentiality and protecting privacy in the research setting has influenced the HIPAA privacy rule. Privacy is defined as freedom from damaging publicity, public scrutiny, secret surveillance, or unauthorized disclosure of one's personal data or information, as by a government, corporation, or individual (Dictionary.com, 2015, figure 3). Privacy means a person has control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing themselves with others. It relates to a participant's disclosure of information to a researcher. On the other hand, confidentiality is the act...
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...revelation of personal data. In particular, we present the evolution of the economic theory of privacy (Section 2), we examine current privacy-related trade-o s for data subjects and data holders (Section 3), and we highlight the current economic debate on privacy protection (Section 4). 1.1 The Boundaries of the Economics of Privacy Before commencing our analysis, we alert the reader of the boundaries inherent to an eco- nomic approach to the privacy debate. First of all, in the rest of the document our focus will be, primarily, on information privacy - that is, on the issues associated with the collection and usage of individuals' personal information (Westin, 1970). We take this approach be- cause, while privacy is a multi-faceted concept, most of the relevant contemporary economic research focuses on consumers' data . Our focus on informational privacy and consumer data, however, should not be construed as a denial of the existence of other dimensions to the pri- vacy debate, which may be more dicult to capture in economic terms (Solove (2006), for instance, distinguishes between privacy issues associated with the collection, processing, or dissemination of personal data, and privacy issues associated with personal invasions , such intrusion and decisional interference). Second, the existence of such trade-o s does not imply that the economic agents are always aware of them as they take decisions that will impact their privacy. Third...
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...Topic Paper #1: HIPAA - How the Security Rule Supports the Privacy Rule INTRODUCTION: HIPAA privacy rule: The HIPAA Privacy Rule establishes national standards to protect individuals’ medical records and other personal health information and applies to health plans, health care clearinghouses, and those health care providers that conduct certain health care transactions electronically. The Rule requires appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy of personal health information, and sets limits and conditions on the uses and disclosures that may be made of such information without patient authorization. The Rule also gives patients rights over their health information, including rights to examine and obtain a copy of their health records, and to request corrections. (HHS, 2003) HIPAA security rule: The HIPAA Security Rule establishes national standards to protect individuals’ electronic personal health information that is created, received, used, or maintained by a covered entity. The Security Rule requires appropriate administrative, physical and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and security of electronic protected health information. (HHS, 2003) Typically ePHI is stored in: • Computer hard drives • Magnetic tapes, disks, memory cards • Any kind of removable/transportable digital memory media • All transmission media used to exchange information such as the Internet, leased lines, dial-up, intranets, and private...
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...HIPAA Privacy – Safe Guarding and Securing Patient Data HIPAA Privacy – Safe Guarding and Securing Patient Data Robert N. Reges DeVry University/ HSM 410 Professor Anthony LaBonte 12 December 2010 Abstract According to section 1.07 of the APA Publication Manual [ (Ame01) ], “An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly, and like a title, it enables abstracting and information services to index and retrieve articles” (p. 12). . HIPAA Privacy – Safe Guarding and Securing Patient Data It has been said time and time again that life was much less complicated at the turn of the 20th Century and this saying could not be truer when it comes to medicine. At the turn of the 1900’s there was a personal bond between the provider and the patient, between the provider and the community, and between citizens in the community. In small towns across the nation there was less of a sense of privacy & individualism and more emphasis on helping your neighbor; because of this medical privacy was not a concern. You cannot help your neighbor if you are not aware of their issues. If we fast forward to the year 2010 times have changed significantly; with the advent of technology the American culture has changed. Personal information is no longer just stored on paper in the doctor’s office, patient information is stored in vast computer banks and sold like stocks and bonds on...
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...Workplace Privacy: Privacy Rights in the Workplace Marisol Cortez National University Legal Aspects of Business I Law 304 Jack B. Hamlin, M.S., J.D. October 23, 2011 Abstract Workplace Privacy: Is an employer issued search of employer issued property to their employees a violation of the employees’ Fourth Amendment right of freedom from unreasonable search and seizure? This paper will examine the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court to the case of City of Ontario v. Jeff Quon that has provided a significant change of the views on workplace privacy law in this country. The majority of U.S. employees believe that it is their constitutional right to have reasonable workplace privacy. However, most U.S. employees are unaware that their constitutional right to privacy is contingent upon the U.S. Constitution’s Fourth Amendment’s rights to freedom from unreasonable search and seizure. This constitutional right is generally applied to state actions and they are at times limited to protecting only federal, state, and municipal employees. Furthermore, this paper will discuss the influences of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence to private sector employment because of the parallel common law standard of “reasonable expectations of privacy” which is the primary piece of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) the federal legislation suggesting employee privacy interest in prohibiting unlawful access and certain disclosures of contents in certain forms of communication...
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...Assignment 3 Privacy: Perspectives, Public Information, and U.S. Legislation Maria A Castro 11/25/2014 IT590 Legal and Ethical Issue in IT Professor Ellen Raineri Kaplan University Table of Contents Abstract 1. Part 1. Explain the Fair Information Practices Act. Compare and contrast the Code of Fair Information Practices with the private sector’s use of information. Is the private sector better at self-policing than the government, or should the government’s rules be extended to include private database ………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Part 2. What are your rights with regards to the information that you post or text? Does your level of privacy increase depending on your network/cell phone provider? The social media site that you are using? Explain.................................................................................................. 6 Part 3. Research legislation related to technology that has been proposed or passed within the last five years. Describe the legislation. Indicate whether it passed, or if it is still in consideration. Then, explain the benefits and drawbacks of the legislation you chose. ………………….. 8 Conclusion Reference Abstract This paper provide an overview of what are the main points of the Fair Information Practice Act, and how this regulations are impacting the use of private and personal information within the digital transmissions. The increase number of user’s texting and sharing information in social networks...
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...Data entry is your life; so exciting. All of a sudden, you get a personal email from a relative that says your cousin is on suicide watch at the hospital. This is very personal information and you would like to keep it to yourself. Later in the day, you are walking in the office and someone says “how is your cousin?” How did they know my cousin had something wrong? You have just been a victim of employee surveillance. As long as the software and video equipment has been around, employers have monitored their employees. Employee surveillance is not illegal, but there is a thin line between wrong and right that deserves more analysis: An analysis of employee surveillance in the workplace reveals an ethical issue of spying on employees or protecting employees and the company. When most people think of the word privacy, they are thinking about their personal space and having some time to themselves without someone or something looking in on them. A further definition is required. “A right to privacy can be understood as a right to maintain a certain level of control over the inner spheres of personal information and access to one’s body, capacities, and powers” (Moore, 2008, p.420). Privacy in the workplace might be a restroom break or even sitting alone in a lunchroom. When it comes to doing work, privacy cannot be assumed by employees. Someone could be watching you at any time. Webster’s dictionary defines privacy as, “the quality or state of being apart from company or observation;...
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...Privacy and Culture: Comparative study of privacy issues with respect to mobile technology in India and America Sreeranjani K Pattabiraman Abstract The past decade has witnessed a huge shift in the development of mobile technology which has led to privacy issues, murmurings of which started surfacing only in recent years. A lot of research has been carried out by academicians on mobile technology and its impact on society. There have also been comparative studies on how privacy has changed for people over the years with the boom of social networking sites and smart phones. But, there has not been a substantial study or analysis conducted on how people's privacy has been directly affected by the ever-increasing population boom of mobile-phone users. This comparative study analyzes the concept of privacy with respect to mobile surveillance and draws upon prior work in the field of mobile surveillance, ranging from popular press on government surveillance in India and USA and case studies in these two countries related to people’s view on privacy, to the works of ACLU (American Civil Liberty Union) in USA and Stop CMS (Central Monitoring System) in India. The study is built around the analysis and comparison of the issue of mobile surveillance in both the countries, how people dealt with this, and the role of culture in determining people’s view on privacy. It also proposes suggestions for how future research can be carried out in the field of mobile surveillance. Keywords ...
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