...University of Phoenix Material Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. According to Spector (2012) “I/O psychology is an eclectic field that has borrowed concepts, ideas, techniques, and theories from many other disciplines.” (p. 5). Industrial and organizational psychology, or something similar can be traced back to the studies of European scientist Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894). He expanded on the concept of conservation of human energy to determine if the energy levels in the present labor force were sufficient to the increasing demands of the industrial revolution (Koppes, & Pickren (n.d). English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) surmised that knowledge begins with the individual’s sensory experience. He further believed that logical thinking combined with sensory experience was superior to religion as a basis for developing a civil society (Koppes, & Pickren, n.d.). Another philosopher, Karl Marx (1818-1883) argued that freedom defined what it is to be human. He believed that a struggle for freedom existed in a capitalist system because...
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...Job Analysis Regina Page Industrial/Organizational Psychology University of Phoenix Sales merchandisers in the retail industry are individuals who closely work with a buyer to ensure that the products maximize and achieve the business’s sale plan as well as to maintain the perfect balance of the company’s financial objectives and the customer’s expectations. Sales merchandising involves a sharp analytical mind for careful planning and strategy. This individual is instrumental in the decisions regarding the various lines that are purchased, the quantities needed, setting the retail prices to maximize profit, and inventory control functions that allow for a continuous flow of goods. A sales merchandiser is required to perform analysis and research. Monitoring the organization’s weekly or monthly sales trend of goods allows the merchandiser to determine the proper stock levels that are distributed to each of the company’s stores. Since most stores purchase their inventory from multiple suppliers, this individual must maintain proper lines of communication with suppliers in order to maneuver the appropriate inventory to meet demands. Since the primary goal of the merchandiser is to maximize profits, it is essential that the individual holding such a position to have certain attributes. These attributes are communication skills, analytical skills, computer literacy an innate ability to thrive under pressure. Communication skills will allow the merchandiser to effective...
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...Self-Concept and the Self Yasmin Walls Psy 400 October 24, 2011 Leah, Reagan Self-concept is defined as the knowledge, a multi-dimensional construct, of an individual’s perception one may have about his or herself such as personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, and roles. During infancy, individuals begin to acquire and organize information, which help them to understand the concept of the self in the social world. Children learn to interact in the social world from their learning experiences and the environment. This paper will focus on the concept of the self in the social world, a description of my life in regard to self-concept, self-esteem and self-efficacy, and a description of two social experiences that affected my personal development. The self-concept is an internal model, which refers to one’s personality, skills, abilities, occupation, hobbies, physical characteristics, etc. One’s self-concepts refer to his or her personal identity and social identity. Individual’s self-perceptions and how he or she interacts in the social world is a significant factor in self-concept. Self-schemas are a significant element of self-concept, which are specific beliefs, mental temples, one uses to define him or herself, and organize his or her world. (Myers, 2010). Self schemas enable people to vision themselves in the future, their possible selves. It helps one to vision what he or she wants such as rich, thin, or successful. Such possible selves...
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...Garret Necaise 5/7/12 PSY 435 TuTh 11:00-12:15pm Article Critique #1 (Addiction Theories) “Television addiction: Theories and Data Behind the Ubiquitous Metaphor” This article was presented in the American Psychological Association by Robert Mcllwraith, Robin Jacobvitz, Robert Kubey, and Alison Alexander. Mcllwraith is the head of the Department of Clinical Health Psychology and the director of the Rural and Northern Psychology Program. Jacobvitz is a Psychology educator and consultant in Albuquerque, NM. Kubey is the professor of Journalism and Media Studies, and director of the Center for Media Studies at Rutgers University. Alexander has a Ph.D in Communication at Ohio State and has taught research methods, writing, media and society, and seminars in children and television. The reader population for this article is focused on an interest or relation to television addiction. The authors wrote this to present four theoretical models of television addiction derived from existing psychological data on this subject. These models are valuable because they give the reader a viewpoint on where this type of addiction is based from: the television's effects on imagination, the arousal level affected from the effect of television, a manifestation of a dependent or addictive personality, and a pattern of uses associated with the television medium. However, it still remains to be determined whether or not this use of television for effect modulation represents a significant...
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...Job Analysis Paper Violet Madrid Psy 435 Maureen Oates Job Analysis Paper Job Analysis Paper Violet Madrid Psy 435 Maureen Oats Job analysis is a very important piece of the building blocks of Industrial Organizational psychology. A process must be done is to identify the attributes—the KSAOs that is needed for performing the tasks required for the job and to perform the worker-oriented behaviors described in the job. The KSAO’s are Skill –a practiced act , Ability -the stable capacity to engage in a specific behavior", other characteristics, Personality variables - interests, training, and experiences. After these KSAOs are identified, tests and other assessment techniques can be done to measure those KSAOs. A variety of personality test can be done before entering college to access which career would fit an individual. Conducting a job analysis provides knowledge of capabilities to the individual interested in the profession and the organization that is interested in hiring the individual. Knowing the capabilities of the individual is key in determining how productive the individual is capable of being in the desired profession. If the desired profession is to be a residential therapist, it would require the right personality and skill set for the job. A residential therapist skill set would need to provide to a broad range of services because the job requires to work directly with individuals, families couples and groups in a variety of settings, such as mental...
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...Working with employees PSY/435 I/O Commentary on Real World Problems. James T McCoy is the flight line manager of the 41st Aircraft Maintenance Unit (AMU) at Peterson Air Force Base (PAF), California. McCoy’s is required to have any or all of his seven assigned aircraft ready to fly as scheduled. McCoy is responsible for ensuring there is enough qualified personnel, work schedules, training, supplies, vehicles, support equipment and performance reports to name a few. McCoy does not handle all these duties himself, as a Wage-supervisor 13, (WS-13) he has an equal WS-13 that works the other shift, five Wage-supervisors (WS-11), and 10 Wage-leader 12, (WL-12) that he can delegate duties to. On November 28, 2012, James T McCoy sat down with me, Gregory Lambert, and discussed some of the challenges and issues that arise in the AMU. Once, out in the open with the issues I asked McCoy what strategies he has used to address the challenges. After reviewing what we discussed I came up with some recommendations to help James T McCoy deal with situations as they may arise in the future (University of Phoenix, n.d.). Problems in the 41st AMU James T McCoy is a 27-year veteran of the United States Air Force (USAF), retired, and continues to work for the USAF as a civil servant for the past 10 years. Discussing some issues that arise in his workplace the number one problem is employees. Employees encompasses a big field of discussion, when asked for clarification, James said a few...
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...Leadership and Performance in the Workplace Kim Brown, Everol Davis, Janelle Gunnels, Veronica Faltine, Laura Vanegas PSY 435 January 26, 2015 Saakshi Malik Leadership and Performance in the Workplace The two leadership theories that is recommended in the Woody’s Veneer factory is the Transformational Leadership Theory and the Vroom-Yetton Model. The reason for choosing these two models is the easy implementation of both methods in relation to the environment. The fact that there is communication problem between senior personnel’s and subordinates, creates a sense of animosity and unrest. In this implementation of these two methods it is the expectation that productivity will increase and unrest and animosity will be decreased over a short period. Transformational Leadership Theory This theory consist of training a leader or supervisor in the sense of been motivational and able to motivate others, especially subordinates to be productive and adhere to general principles such as punctuality, morals and scruples. A transformational leader should depict a charismatic attitude to inspire goal achievement and convince subordinates of their vision and competence (Spector, 2012). Research has shown that transformational leadership has increased job performances. This method would be a good initiative to implement in regard to enhance self- respect, morals, productivity and budget. ...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paper PSY/435 December 12, 2011 Neva Wilson Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paper Evolution of Industrial/Organizational Psychology The history of industrial/organization psychology originated in the twentieth century. Experimental psychologists were the first to engage in I/O work. Their main purpose was applying the new principles of psychology to problems in organizations. Two of these experimental psychologists were Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott. These two psychologists would be credited as being the main founds of I/O Psychology. Both of these experimental psychologists were university professors who became involved in applying psychology to problems of organizations. An engineer by the name of Frederick Winslow Taylor would have a major influence on the I/O field. Taylor studied employee productivity and developed an approach which he would later call "Scientific Management." Taylor used scientific management to handle production workers in factories. This approach included four principles which would guide organizational practices. Today, his same ideas are still used. Furthermore, two more individuals had an influence on the engineering side combined with psychology. A married couple, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, studied how individuals perform tasks by combining engineering and psychology. The Gilbreths devised the time and motion study. This incorporated measuring and timing people’s motions in doing tasks...
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...Personal Dimensions of Education as their first course. Students entering with twenty-four (24) or more transferable, traditional semester credits are required to successfully complete PSY 202 Adult Development and Life Assessment as their first course. PSY 202 is designed to help experienced students acclimate to the online college environment. Student Success Orientation The orientation is designed to provide students with a complete overview of the Ashford University experience, prepare them for success in their courses, and help them to self evaluate their readiness to succeed in an online classroom setting. Students will be instructed on Ashford University policies and the learner resources that are available to them through interactive videos and assessments. Students enrolled in orientation must successfully complete all assigned activities. EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education This course is designed to help adult learners beginning their university studies to achieve academic success. Students will explore learning theories, communication strategies, and personal management skills. Adult learners will develop strategies for achieving success in school and work. Students will also be introduced to the University's institutional outcomes and learning resources. PSY 202 Adult Development & Life Assessment This course presents adult development theory and links theoretical concepts of life and learning through a process of psychometric assessment...
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...Vxxxx Bxxxxxx Dr. Taylor PSY 100 9 March 2010 An Inside Look at Schizophrenia “If depression is the disabling but common cold of psychological disorders, chronic schizophrenia is the cancer” (Myers). Today, there are many abnormal disorders that have become better understood; one of which being schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, disabling brain disease that almost two million Americans will suffer from in a given year. Although schizophrenia may appear to be a dysfunctional disorder, there is more to this disease that meets the eyes. Most likely to develop earlier, more severely, and more often in men, schizophrenia affects both the male and female populations, and “it knows no boundaries” (Myers). Symptoms begin to arise in the late teens to early twenties for men, and in the twenties to early thirties for women. Although only one percent of the population will develop such a chronic disorder in their lifetime, schizophrenia should not be pushed aside. Found in many different individuals, schizophrenia’s symptoms and long-lasting pattern often results in a high degree of disability. People with schizophrenia have various symptoms that vary for each individual; “hallucinations of sound, sight, smell, taste, or touch may occur” (Berkow), the most common being hearing voices. People with schizophrenia tend to hear internal voices that can’t be heard by others;...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Pamela Groves PSY/435 January 7, 2012 Frank Del Grosso Jr. Industrial/Organizational Psychology The paper will examine the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology, and how industrial/organizational psychology is different from other disciplines in psychology. Industrial/organization psychology can be used in organizations and it focuses on the employees performance and how to make it better. The report will include the role of research and statistics in I/O psychology. The evolution of I/O psychology started in the twentieth century. Industrial and organizational psychology states; “I/O psychology is a twentieth century invention, with roots in the late 1800s and early 1900s. It has existed almost from the beginning of the psychology field.” Experimental psychologists were interested in applying I/O work to organizations. The problems that were associated with I/O were job performance and efficiency in the work place. Hugo M’unsterburg and Water Dill Scott were the two psychologists that were the founders of the field (Spector, 2008). The first text book about I/O psychology was published in 1913 (Spector, 2008). I/O psychologists focus on more of the way tasks are done on a job, and give certain types of test to each person to find out which person is better for the job. I/O psychologist seems to be interested in picking what tasks can be improved on the job. There was a group of Psychologist who help boost...
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...Industrial Organization Psychology By: Christy Whitworth PSY/ 435 May 28, 2012 Frank Del Grosso Jr. Industrial Organizational Psychology Industrial/Organizational psychology (I/O) psychology is a branch of psychology of which places focus upon workplace behaviors, ways upon which an employer can retrain happy employees, motivated employees and increase employee productivity. A more accurate definition would include that I/O psychology applies to time proven methods that organizations place value and have true concerns upon the work place environment, dealing with anyone who has ever been employed, held a held a job for a significant period of time, or career (Spector, 2008). Describe the Evolution of the Field of I/O Psychology According to McMillan, Stevens, and Kelloway (2009), “Almost every account of the development of Industrial/ Organizational (I/O) psychology in the United States emphasizes the formative influence of the military and military requirements particularly during the World Wars it is cited as the catalyst that brought I/O psychology out of the closet of academia.” (pg. 283) The history of I/O psychology has two individuals credited with the start of the field, Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott. Both Munsterberg and Scott were experimental psychologist, and university professors whom became involved with the application of psychology to problems within organizations (Spector, 2008). By Spector’s account I/O psychology is a twentieth century...
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