...The values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. Organizational culture includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, and written and unwritten rules that have been developed over time and are considered valid. Also called corporate culture, it's shown in (1) the ways the organization conducts its business, treats its employees, customers, and the wider community, (2) the extent to which freedom is allowed in decision making, developing new ideas, and personal expression, (3) how power and information flow through its hierarchy, and (4) how committed employees are towards collective objectives. It affects the organization's productivity and performance, and provides guidelines on customer care and service, product quality and safety, attendance and punctuality, and concern for the environment. It also extends to production-methods, marketing and advertising practices, and to new product creation. Organizational culture is unique for every organization and one of the hardest things to change. Power culture Imagine a web with rays of influence spreading out from the centre. This central power source is likely to be one individual in a small company, or a small core group. They can act /...
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...Literature review | 3-13 | II | Research methodology | 14-20 | III | Tools used in the study | 20 | IV | Analysis &Interpretation | 21-35 | | Demographics | 22-25 | | SEM PLS | 26-34 | | Hierarchical Regression | 35 | V | Findings | 36-38 | VI | Conclusion | 39 | VII | Reference | 40-45 | VIII | Annexure | 44-48 | ABSTRACT The study on Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction & Organisational Citizenship Behaviour explores the association of employees psychological capital with there job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour in IT sector. The study also tries to examine the mediating role played by job satisfaction between psychological capital and Organisational citizenship behaviour. A self reported paper based questionnaire survey will be conducted on employees working in IT firms in Kochi. The study was conducted among employees who were team leaders and entry level engineers employed at IT firms in Kochi. The employee with positive psychological capital and job satisfaction will exhibit organisational citizenship behaviour. Many studies have been conducted previously to identify the relationship between the variables such as on Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction & Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. The research showed positive relation among the three variables and job satisfaction having partial mediation between psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour. LITERATURE REVIEW I. LITERATURE REVIEW Information...
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...INTRODUCTION India is a land of diverse culture, and Railways play a key role in not only meeting the transport needs of the country, but also in binding together dispersed areas and promoting national integration. Indian Railways have emerged as the sinews of the Indian economy, and have reached out to bring together the great Indian family. Indian railway is a Central Government owned Railway Company of India, which owns and operates most of the country’s rail transport. Indian Railways has more than 64,215 kms of the track and 7,083 stations. It has the World’s fourth world’s largest network after those of the US, Russia and China. It carries 30 million passengers & .2.8 million tons of freight daily. Indian Railways, therefore, rightly occupy pride of place in the growth and development of the nation. Apart from normal trains connecting almost all part of the country, the Indian Railways also runs special luxury trains like the Palace on Wheels, Rajdhani Express, Shatabdi Express, Fairy Queen, etc. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Railways play a crucial role in the modern economy. This project is done to identify and analyze the level of satisfaction of the consumers and their problems faced in the railways. It is one among the high preferable means of transport by the people of India. But there are various problems faced by them in different aspects in journey. OBJECTIVES To know the consumers awareness about the services provided by the railways. To...
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...Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Training and Development Approved: 4 Semester Credits ________________________________________________ Dr. Joseph A. Benkowski, Research Advisor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin - Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate College University of Wisconsin Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Weade (Writer)(Last Name) Barbara (First) L. (Middle Initial) SCHOOL AND WORK TARDINESS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RURAL WISCONSIN Title Training & Development Dev (Graduate Program) Dr. Joseph Benkowski (Research Advisor) May 2004 (Month/Year) 80 (#Pgs) American Psychological Association, 5th edition Manual Style Businesses expect employees to arrive at the workplace with basic Asoft skills@ which include personal attributes like punctuality. The purpose of this research study was to examine the relationship between school and work tardiness in high school students in rural central Wisconsin. The literature review covered tardiness and absences in the work and school environment, school failure and its relationship to school tardiness and absenteeism, school interventions to change deviant behavior, students= insights about deviant school behavior, the home influence on school tardiness and absences, and the effect of work on school behavior and iii performance. The research showed that working students are significantly different than their fellow students. Working students are more...
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...MANAGEMENT (IIE DEGREE PROGRAMS) SUBJECT CODE: MRKT5111 DATE: 21 MAY 2012 NAME OF MY LECTURER: HULU BHILA WORD COUNT: (Excluding references, table of contents and any tables or graphs) TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. QUESTION 1.1……………………………………………………………………3 2. QUESTION 1.2……………………………………………………………………3-4 3. QUESTION 2…………………………………………………………………………. 4. QUESTION 3…………………………………………………………………………. 5. QUESTION 4…………………………………………………………………………. 6. QUESTION 5…………………………………………………………………………. 7. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………...... 1. QUESTION 1.1 The corporate responsibility of Europcar is a voluntary process whereby the Furthermore Europcar has achieved an ISO14001 rating this entails that Europcar has done a thorough analysis into its business areas and activities and their environmental impact, that it has gone beyond just the needed legislation practices and strived for excellence and the care of future generations and its impact on the environment. The above rating means Europcar has attempted or in some cases succeeded in reducing the cost of waste management, improved distribution costs, lower energy and material consumption and finally an improved brand image among watchdogs, customers and the general public. Environmentally Europcar has been focusing he Socially, Europcar has numerous accolades and initiatives that are striving to make it a leader within the corporate environment, for example Europcar holds a Level three rating for Broad Based Black...
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...and functioning within any organization depends upon the effective use of nonverbal communication. On the factory floor or in the corner office, getting things done requires employees and managers alike to become skilled at reading others and emitting appropriate nonverbal cues that support their messages. The effectual exchange of ideas and clear delivery of instructions relies on something more than selecting the “right” words. As we will see, most of the communication process takes place in the realm of the unspoken. Understanding Nonverbal Communication Anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell asserted that 95 percent of communication is unconsciously expressed through subtle body movements and posturing (Talley, 2010). Further scientific analysis reveals that up to 55 percent is comprised of bodily movements and gestures, while as much as 38 percent is tone of voice (Rane, 2010). From these cues, the listener receives personal feelings, emotions, and attitudes (Rane, 2010). In a work environment, a study of gestures and facial expressions is only the beginning (Reiman, 2007). Nonverbal communication...
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...activities: • Obtaining information (about health & medical products, the market and its characteristics, competitors and their products important information, etc.) • Analyzing Information (Feasibility study and statistical analysis were conducted on different types of information on economic, social, educational and cultural grounds) • Setting up a strategy (the strategy was derived from XYZ’s mission, XYZ’s values, and XYZ’s objectives illustrated by which plans to achieve these objectives were demonstrated) • Providing forecasts (short, medium, and long terms forecasts) for the business with all related information (such as expected costs, expected sales, etc.) • Preparing a diagnostic report and a preliminary proposal. (sent to Freeda earlier this month). Obtaining information Information obtained related to: 1) health & medical products 2) Market Characteristics (External Work Environment) 3) Staff Members 4) Government Agencies related and requirements (for licensing/certifying/etc) 5) Customers (Local and Regional) 6) Suppliers 7) Competitors 8) Other Analyzing Information A number of methods were approached, these are: 1) Numerical/Statistical Reports of the Ministry of Industry & Trade 2) SWOT Analysis 3) Feasibility Study Setting-up a strategy Considering its marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion), and that XYZ’s net income is dependent on four variables: Amount of sales (and related services rendered)...
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...Nuances in Bulgarian business culture in comparison with the United Kingdom’s Course work in Cross-cultural issues in the European Human Resource Management Prepare by: Dimitar Arnaudov, Faculty number: 1523078 Course: European business and Finances Sofia, 2015 1. Differences between national cultures. Authors, studies, etc. 2.1. Culture (def.); Culture differences. 1.1.1 Culture – def.; 1.1.2 Culture differences. 1.1 Authors and studies related to business culture. 1.2.1 Geert Hofstede; 1.2.2 Famous studies around the World. 2. Similarities and differences between the business cultures of Bulgaria and the United Kingdom. 2.1. Bulgarian business culture; 2.2. British business culture in comparison to Bulgaria’s . 3. References. Differences between national cultures. Authors, studies, etc. Culture (definition) and culture differences Culture illustrates the accepted norms and values and traditional behaviour of a group. One definition of culture by Deal and Kennedy is “the way a we do things around here”. However, culture also evolves over time. The culture of each country has its own beliefs, values and activities. In other words culture can be defined as an evolving set of collective beliefs, values and attitudes. Culture is a key component in business and has an impact on the strategic direction of business. Culture influences management...
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...MDA Project Report Air Asia in India MDA Project Report Air Asia in India Puru | Prabhav | Aditi | Mohit | Akhil | Sanjana Group -15 Puru | Prabhav | Aditi | Mohit | Akhil | Sanjana Group -15 * 1 Introduction * background study The aviation sector is a major contributor to India’s economy, it provides 1.7 million jobs through its long supply chain and which are 10 times higher than average jobs in terms of productivity and income. The aviation market has 150 million travellers through its airports and is expected to reach 450 million by year 2020 which will make it the third largest aviation market globally. (IATA-The International Air Transport Association). India is at the fourth position in the latest ranking of most favoured destinations for investment by transnational corporations released by UN agency UNCTAD (UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2014). These numbers are tempting for any foreign airline operator and indicate a promising opportunity, and with an increased foreign direct investment of 49%, the major leading carrier in Asia-Pacific, Air Asia, is planning to enter the Indian market. However, like any other civil aviation marketplace around the world, the airline services in India are fiercely competitive, which have raised the expectations of customers by giving better offers and services. But, it is not just about delivering services to customers but also satisfying the customers with quality service at a competitive price. As customer...
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...Outline the different selection methods that are available to organisations and discuss how the use of assessment centres might support the selection process. During the selection process, a company may utilise a variety of methods in order to be sure of which applicant they wish to hire. These methods will include widely used techniques such as requesting a curricula vitae be submitted, a face-to-face interview and references from employers. Another method to support the process, is the use of assessment centres. Assessment centres were originally introduced during World War Two in order to select officers in the army and navy (Ballantyne & Pover 2004 p.3-4). However since then they have become more commonly used within businesses with, according to research by the Industrial Relations Services, over 50% using them (Martin & Jackson 2002 pg.130). An assessment centre can support the selection process by allowing a business to observe applicants whilst they carry out a number of set tasks such as individual or group work, analytical exercises, oral or written output and input or role play. Assessment centres will also allow businesses to gain an insight into the characteristics of the candidates as they perform tasks which are as similar to job reality as possible (CIPD 2013). In order for any method to be effective, there are numerous criteria which must be true of the method. First the method must be both reliable and valid. Reliability is defined by Ungerson...
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...Mondelēz International, Inc. is an American multinational confectionery, food and beverage conglomerate, with global net revenues of $35 billion in 2013, employing around 107,000 people,manufacturing and marketing delicious food and beverage products for consumers in approximately 165 countries around the world. It comprises the global snack and food brands of the former Kraft Foods including in cookies and crackers, chocolate, and gum and candy . Industry analysis According to Robert Grant Contemporary Strategy Analysis 7th edition, the median ROE, which reflects the profitability of a specific industry, illustrate the food production industry in the US has the rate of return on common stockholders’ equity at 6.5% from 1999 to 2007. Thus, its ROE sheds a light on food production’s relatively lower profitability comparing to real estate or investment banking industry. However, since the ROE is fairly tricky as high liability can also cause higher ROE, Porter’s 5 forces model is, for lack of better word, the best way to analysis the food production industry. In the following paragraphs, dissecting the suppliers, buyers, substitutes, potential entrants, and how they combining together inter-playing with the industry competitors that determines the profitability of food production industry that Mondelez is in would be devoted to business. First of all, as for potential entrants, the start up company has always been the main force in potential entrants, since the existing company...
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...CROSS-CULTURAL PERCEPTIONS IN THE INDIA-U.S. BUSINESS CONTEXT Rama Subba Rao Appikatla University of Central Oklahoma aramasubbarao@ucok.edu HU UH Mark E. Hillon University of Central Oklahoma mhillon@ucok.edu HU UH ABSTRACT India’s economic liberalization in 1991 opened the gateway for new opportunities in emerging market trade relations. Although the U.S. has quickly become India’s largest trading partner, surprisingly little research has been devoted to cross-cultural perceptions in the India-U.S. business context. We developed an approach based on Levinson’s (1950) ethnocentrist model to explore the underlying values of the two cultures, specifically in relation to perceptions of work. Preliminary results indicate a potential misalignment of motivating values. This study may have further implications for the selection of strategic business partners and other important crosscultural transactions. Keywords: India, Ethnocentrist, Levinson Introduction The genesis for this study was a question posed by an Indian graduate student on her first visit to the U.S. who simply wanted to know what Americans thought of Indians and her home country. India’s economic liberalization in 1991 opened the gateway for new multilateral business opportunities, and in a broader sense, the world gained access to a vast wealth of untapped resources in India, including a highly educated workforce to satisfy the global desire for outsourced services. Although the U.S. has quickly become...
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...INTRODUCTION Background in Brief Ryanair was established by the Ryan family with a staff of 25. Its first route was launched in 1985 with a 15-seat aircraft ferrying passengers between Waterford in Ireland and London. In 1986, Ryanair launched its route from Dublin to London to challenge British Airways and Aer Lingus, the two dominant airline carriers on that route, by offering fares at lower prices. With two routes in operation, Ryanair carried 82,000 passengers in its first full year of operation. By 1993 Ryanair has carried over 1 million passengers. In 1995 Ryanair overtook Aer Lingus and British Airways to become the biggest international scheduled route carrier in Europe. The Organization Today Ryanair now operates more than 1,500 flights per day from 57 bases on 1,500 low fare routes across 28 countries. It connects 178 destinations and operating a fleet of 305 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft. In 2012, Ryanair had a team of more than 8,500 employees and carried over 78 million passengers. Ryanair’s main business is to provide “low-fare-no filling” airline services. Ryanair also offers various ancillary services including in-flight sale of beverages and food, car hire services, internet-related services etc. To expend its network, Ryanair, which already owns 29.82% of Aer Lingus in 2012 announced its intention to acquire Aer Lingus by making an all cash offer of €1.30 per share for its entire share capital. Ryanair recorded a profit of €503 million in...
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...science. Sociologists observe reality in a systematic and controlled manner and evaluate the validity of their ideas based on observations. Objectivity plays the role of a reality check while subjectivity makes us set our priorities for research. The sociological approach to improving human welfare is based on the idea that the relations we have with other people create opportunities for us to think and act but also set limits on our thoughts and actions. Accordingly, we can better understand that what we are and what we can become by studying the social relations that help shape us. FOR EXAMPLE: even the most personal issues can be studied using a sociological approach Suicide could have been seen as an anti-social act caused by psychological distress but Durkheim studied it from a sociological perspective correlating it to “social solidarity”, how frequently people interact with others and share their beliefs, values and morals. Social forces then determine the likelihood to commit suicide. Sociologists use the sociological approach to identify: 1) A behavior that they are interested in 2) Social forces that influence that behavior 3) The larger institutional, political, etc – changes that improve human welfare with respect to that behavior CHAPTERS TO READ: * SIQ (Society in Question) Chapter 1 * Chapter 1 in NS (New Society) FOCUS ON THESE SECTIONS IN CHAPTER 1 OF NS * The...
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...In the article “Employee Engagement – the Emergence of a New Construct?” by Richard McBain, employee engagement is a fairly new yet increasingly discussed topic. McBain likens it to “the ‘ultimate prize’ for employers” and although its meaning has yet to be clearly defined, he states that “employee engagement can make a difference to the performance of individuals, teams and organizations”. Indeed it is, as its name suggests, this concept integrates several aspects such as employee satisfaction, enthusiastic involvement as well as commitment in a job, which will ultimately affect the way organisations perform. With this knowledge, companies are actively encouraging employee engagement in their organisations through creative ways. This concept of employee engagement are related to the four elements of the MARS model of individual behaviour and results – Motivation (M), ability (A), role perception (R) and situational factors (S). These factors directly influence an employee’s voluntary behaviour and overall performance; if any of these factors weakens, employee performance decreases. Therefore, by ensuring that these factors are fulfilled, an employee’s performance will improve, leading to an enhancement in employee engagement. The first factor, motivation, refers to the forces within a person that influence the direction along which he or she engages their effort, the amount of effort invested in achieving the goal and persistence of voluntary behaviour. To motivate...
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