...Written Assignment #3 1. Explain Erikson's psychosocial model and Levinson's theory as they relate to adulthood. What is successful aging? Erikson is a theorist who focused his work on the psychosocial development of individuals throughout their life. He found interest in social change, cultural diversity and psychological crises through life (Berger, 2008, p. 36). According to his model, Erikson believed that individuals go through eight specific stages of development that help one achieve their ego identity (Hooyman, N. R. & Kiyak, H. A., 2011). In each of these stages, an individual has a major task that is to be accomplished as well as a conflict that requires being resolved. Each of these conflicts is a foundation for the successive stages of this model; therefore, the outcome of the crisis presented infers how the individual will advance to the next stage. Erickson’s concept explained how during development individuals proceed through these various stages as they grow and become more capable of dealing with issues and relate with society overall. The stages of Erikson’s psychosocial model are as follows: Stage I is basic trust vs. mistrust. The goal of this stage is to establish a basic trust of the world via trust of parent(s). Stage II is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Here the individual is to establish a sense of autonomy and self from the parent and to establish self-control vs. doubt of one’s abilities. Stage III is initiative vs. guilt. Individuals are...
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...In this assignment I will be explaining the main aspects of the main theories of ageing. These include; sociological, psychological and biological theories of ageing. I will then go on to compare 2 theories of ageing. Sociological Theories Sociological theories focus on the changing roles and relationships that accompany ageing. These theories discuss how these changing roles, relationships, and status impact the older individual's ability to adapt. In this blog, we will discuss the following sociological theories: disengagement, activity, and continuity. Disengagement Theory The Disengagement Theory, one of the earliest and most controversial theories of aging, views aging as a process of gradual withdrawal between society and the older adult. This mutual withdrawal or disengagement is a natural, acceptable, and universal process that accompanies growing old. It is applicable to elders in all cultures, although there might be variations. According to this theory, disengagement benefits both the older population and the social system. Gradual withdrawal from society and relationships preserves social equilibrium and promotes self-reflection for elders who are freed from societal roles. It furnishes an orderly means for the transfer of knowledge, capital, and power from the older generation to the young. It makes it possible for society to continue functioning after valuable older members die. Weakness: There is no base of evidence or research to support this theory...
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...diabetes, and according to the CDC the increase in the amount of people diagnosed with diabetes can be contributed to several factors such as: aging population, increasing rates of obesity, a larger share of at risk minority populations, and a longer lifespan among people with diabetes (CDC, 2011).the largest cause of kidney failure in developed countries is contributed to diabetes, it is also responsible for huge dialysis costs (CDC, 2011). “Each year 3.8 million deaths are attributable to diabetes. An even greater number die from cardiovascular disease made worse by diabetes-related lipid disorders and hypertension” (CDC, 2011).Recent numbers published by the CDC, estimates that the number of newly diabetes cases will grow every year to about 15 per 1,000 people by 2050 (CDC, 2011). http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2011.pdf Psychosocial challenges that patient’s encounter Diabetes management can be difficult and extremely frustrating for the patient. Psychosocial challenges can impede diabetes management and the quality of the patient’s life. Many patients suffer from major depression and depressive symptoms when they are diagnosed with a life long disease like diabetes (Glasgow et., al 2001). “Diabetes specific emotional distress, a well studied phenomenon consisting of distress associated with the psychosocial aspect of living with diabetes, such as distress related to following treatment regimens and dealing with the health care team presents a serious problem...
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...Franco, Reina L. Mrs. Luningning O. Marcelino BSN – 4B, B1 Ageism - also called age discrimination is stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups because of their age. It is a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age based prejudice, discrimination, and subordination.1 Gerontology - is the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging. It is distinguished from geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that studies the diseases of the elderly.2 Geriatric Nursing - Nursing care of the aged patient given in the home, the hospital, or special institutions such as nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, etc.3 Issues Facing the Elderly Being old can mean being sick, poor, hungry and depressed, even in developed nations like Australia. What are the issues? In Australia, the ‘elderly’ is generally a reference to people over the age of 65. Lots of over 65ers lead healthy and empowered lives, and many are involved in community volunteering. But for the elderly, health can be a big concern. Their bodies are more susceptible to illness, they may be physically frail, and many are on medications which are costly and ongoing. An elderly person who is able to fund their own retirement is called a retiree. This means they had a job that paid them enough superannuation. Someone who is unable to fund their own retirement, and is paid welfare money by the government is called a pensioner. Pensioners...
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...THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE ELDERLY PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AND INFLUENCE LIFE SATISFACTION DURING LATE ADULTHOOD ASSIGNMENT 4 FOR PYC4805 UNIQUE NUMBER: 714714 STUDENT 3350-133-5 JULY 2013 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 4 - Page 1 THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE ELDERLY Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 3 2. Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 2.1 Environmental factors associated with life satisfaction………………………………….. 4 2.1.1 Social support…………………………………………………………………………… 4 2.1.2 Socioeconomic factors…………………………………………………………………. 4 2.1.3 Neighbourhood structure………………………………………………………………. 5 2.1.4 Facilities and resources………………………………………………………………... 5 2.1.5 Involvement in activities………………………………………………………………... 5 2.2 Individual factors and life satisfaction……………………………………………………... 6 2.2.1 Personality and character traits……………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.2 Physical health………………………………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.3 Financial resources…………………………………………………………………….. 7 2.2.4 Locus of control…………………………………………………………………………. 7 2.2.5 Personal autonomy…………………………………………………………………….. 7 2.2.6 Social engagement and sense of connectedness………………………………….. 7 3. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 4. References……………………………………………………………………………………….8 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 4 - Page 2 THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL...
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...Running head: Theories of Aging Theories of Aging Nate Aungkuldee Milwaukee School of Engineering –School of Nursing Abstract Gerontological nursing may be viewed as the nursing management for older population. Knowledge of nursing care and competency of caring for elderly become more important as the result of increasing population of old age people in the past decade and expecting in ongoing increasing in the next twenty years. There are many theories of aging that describe and explain aging process and how the individuals respond to changes that occur with aging. By understanding a normal process of aging, the quality of nursing care for this population may be enhanced. The purpose of this paper is to present and explore some of the theories of aging and apply the theory into nursing practice that cooperated with evidence base research studies to implement the plan of care for an older adult. Two main theories of aging: Biological theories and Psychological theories are the focused theories that being discussed in this paper. According to many current resources the aging population in the U.S. is now rapidly growing. There were 4% of people age 65 and older or about 3 million people in 1900 (McGuire & Mefford, 2007). This old age population increased to 36.8 million people in 2005 with the increase of 3.2 million or 9.4% from 1995 (Mauk, 2010). As of today a newborn child is expected to live at least...
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...4 > VIEWING HTML W/LINKS Peer-Reviewed Research Article Effects of stress on health and aging: Two paradoxes Authors Carolyn Aldwin, Oregon State University Loriena A. Yancura, University of Hawai'i Publication Information California Agriculture 64(4):183-188. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v064n04p183. October-December 2010. Author Affiliations C.M. Aldwin is Professor, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Manoa. L.A. Yancura is Associate Professor, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Hawai'i, Manoa. Abstract Although older adults are thought to experience more stress and to be more vulnerable to its adverse effects, they often report less stress than younger adults and sometimes show more resilience. Paradoxically, while stress sometimes has long-term positive effects on well-being, studies differ as to whether this increases or decreases with age. We conclude that older individuals have learned to appraise and cope differently with stress. This protects them in spite of their increased physiological vulnerability and may also increase the possibility of stress-related growth and optimal aging. Full Text [View Enlargement] As people age their health trajectories tend to diverge, with some developing multiple chronic conditions and others maintaining good health; stress may play a role in this aspect of aging. Over the past century, remarkable changes have occurred in the life expectancy and quality...
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...the point of conception to an infant, to a childhood stage, to an adolescent stage, to an adulthood stage, to an elderly, and finally to end of life and the study as well made us understand the extensive changes throughout lifespan; Consequently, it is known the reason why most toddlers says “No”, and why many adolescent pay attention to their body without criticizing any stage of these lifespan stages. The same concept is applicable to elders or late adulthood people and having a discriminatory ideology towards a person because of his/her age or people of late adulthood stage would be considered uncivilized or uneducated act or a novice to the study of human growth and development. Late adulthood can be a challenge because of the signs of aging from middle adult continues and increased as one aged. Late adulthood individual may face with significant changes including brittle bones, hearing impaired, visual problems, and slow metabolism. Despite some of these changes, late adulthood maintains their integrity, and shares their unique experiences with the community. Technology with the use of advance medicine in elderly, assist with transition from life to death. ” Modern medicine is replacing traditional ways of coping with death” (Shubha, 2007, p.3). Late adulthood individual are also faced with the...
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...What is a Nursing Home? Nursing Homes are places for people who don't need to be in a hospital but can't be cared for at home, more commonly referred to as skilled nursing and rehab centers. Nursing care is typically provided for people who need long-term care or rehabilitation after surgery or are recovering from a more severe medical condition like a stroke. These communities provide all of the personal care and services of an assisted living with the addition of 24-hour nursing care. Regent Care Center Facts Funded 35 yrs ago A modern facility with 180 beds Joint commission accredited facility A for profit-non-sectarian, and private funded organization Client Population: mostly 65 and over Catchment area: Includes many residents of Bergen-Hudson-Passaic County. Also patients from Hackensack Medical Center Regent Care Mission Statement Regent Care Center’s mission is to provide the best possible quality of care and quality of life for our long-term residents and sub acute patients. We are also committed to improving quality of life for our staff and family members of our residents. All staff, through team work and the interdisciplinary process, will provide the highest quality service compassion and respect to residents and their family members. The staff of Regent Care Center fulfills its mission and produces a first-class facility by practicing the key concepts on a daily basis: C= Commitment to residents, families, self, and career L= Leadership – setting a...
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...Adolescence and Adulthood PSY/202 November 13, 2011 Professor Mason Psychosocial development stage during adolescence happens during this stage. This is when you are testing, trying to find who you are, your strengths, and what kinds of roles are best suited to play for the rest of your life (Feldman, 2010). This stage is where you discover your identify. I discovered my own role and personality I believe I was around twelve years old. I realized I was good with others, had lots of patience with others and liked to help others so I decided I wanted to be a nurse. My mother was a nurse and I saw how much she loved her job and the way she helped people. Well when I was growing up the only big peer pressure was ditching school. I did not grow up with all the peer pressure our young adolescences have to face these days. Like drugs, sex, and pregnancies. These things were probably around when I was an adolescent but not as obvious as now. The way I responded to peer pressure was I did ditch school once. I really did not have a good time because I was so worried that my mother was going to see me or find out. So I decide it, it was not worth it so I never ditched school again. The social and physical aspects of late adulthood is the disengagement theory. This theory sees successful aging as a process of gradual withdrawal from the physical, psychological, and social worlds(Feldman, 2010). Such as retirement, losing friends due to death, less active due to poor health...
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...Long Term Care Facility vs. Home Health Care Nursing Karen Waite Eng/102 July, 2014 Will mom or loved one receive better care at home or in a nursing home? This is a hard choice to make, but which is the best? In this paper, it examines the efficiency of home care programs, assisted living and long-term care programs. It examines the care and cost of the different programs with respect. The decision of whether or not to place an aging parent (or a loved one) into a long-term care facility, or to try and to keep them in their own home or yours is one that many American families are facing each day. Factors in dealing with this decision are too numerous to count, but we will address a few of them in the following paper, like the financial aspects, psychosocial, and meeting the overall needs of our ever aging parents or ill loved one. Taking care of your loved one is a full time job in most cases. Long-term care facilities are a traditional approach to caring for the elderly or chronically ill members of society. These facilities are set up in a couple of different ways to provide specialized care depending on a person’s need. In some cases, mom may not need a great deal of care with her daily living, but may need help with fixing food or remembering to take her medication. So, the first point of our discussion is assisted living facilities. These are apartment type communities that specialize in assisting seniors who may have a problem accomplishing their normal activities...
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...Adolescence and Adulthood Gloria Rivera PSY/202 November 13, 2011 Professor Mason Psychosocial development stage during adolescence happens during this stage. This is when you are testing, trying to find who you are, your strengths, and what kinds of roles are best suited to play for the rest of your life (Feldman, 2010). This stage is where you discover your identify. I discovered my own role and personality I believe I was around twelve years old. I realized I was good with others, had lots of patience with others and liked to help others so I decided I wanted to be a nurse. My mother was a nurse and I saw how much she loved her job and the way she helped people. Well when I was growing up the only big peer pressure was ditching school. I did not grow up with all the peer pressure our young adolescences have to face these days. Like drugs, sex, and pregnancies. These things were probably around when I was an adolescent but not as obvious as now. The way I responded to peer pressure was I did ditch school once. I really did not have a good time because I was so worried that my mother was going to see me or find out. So I decide it, it was not worth it so I never ditched school again. The social and physical aspects of late adulthood is the disengagement theory. This theory sees successful aging as a process of gradual withdrawal from the physical, psychological, and social worlds(Feldman, 2010). Such as retirement, losing friends due to death, less active...
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...Judith Andre HCS-548 Foundations of Gerontology Professor: Jeanette Adams 01/08/2015 Gerontology is the study of aging and has made tremendous progress over the years. In the past, researchers have looked for a single theory that explained aging. There are two main groups of aging theories. The first group states that aging is natural and programmed into the body, while the second group of aging theories say that aging is a result of damage which is accumulated over time. In the end, aging is a complex interaction of genetics, chemistry, physiology and behavior. By understanding and describing how we age, researchers have developed several different theories of aging. The two major theories that will be explain in this paper will be the activity and disengagement theory in which they both will show how important their roles play in the process of aging in older adults. Disengagement and Activity Theory Disengagement theory is the most influential theories in gerontology, because it views aging as a process of mutual withdrawal in which older adults voluntarily slow down by retiring, as expected by society. Proponents of disengagement theory hold that mutual social withdrawal benefits both individuals and society. Activity theory sees a positive correlation between keeping active and aging well. (According to the Henry,2011) proponents of activity theory hold that mutual social withdrawal runs counter to traditional American ideals of activity, energy, and industry...
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...For older adults, life can be extremely disappointing as aging deteriorates particularly in light of the fact that they feel they are not in control of their lives any longer. Yes, this worries them and furthermore may make them feel they are a weight which is the reason it is vital as a friend or family member to ensure they get all the affection and support they require regardless of what your choice to home management will be. Some of the common examples of service care provision includes the following: Residential Care Homes. It cost not as much as nursing homes with nursing for the reason that; with private residential care homes, friends and family stay in a healthy environment that accommodates for their own personal care and everyday...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Other Free Encyclopedias » Medicine Encyclopedia » Aging Healthy - Part 3 Physiological Changes age aging differences aging age disease deterioration Ads by Google It is evident even from casual observation of physical activities, such as walking, that elderly people exhibit a deterioration of physiological processes. Moreover, the inability of athletes to continue peak performance when they reach their thirties or forties indicates that deterioration begins at a relatively young age and progresses in severity from that point on. Indeed, many studies have confirmed that most physiological processes deteriorate progressively after about thirty years of age, some functions more severely affected than others. Most of the research on age-associated physiological deterioration has utilized cross-sectional studies; that is, subjects of different ages are studied at a given point in time (e.g., the calendar year 1990). These are called cross-sectional studies because the data are collected from a cross section of the population. Since this study design provides information quickly and relatively inexpensively, it is widely used. However, because of generational factors and selective mortality, the cross-sectional design can yield erroneous information about aging. An example of how a generational factor may confound an aging study is illustrated by a hypothetical 1970 cross-sectional study of cognitive function in which Americans...
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