...independence there were many events that would affect the future of America. The new federal government was undergoing multiple changes.one of those changes were the power that the president would have to obtain and expand the borders into new territories. The third president, Thomas Jefferson heard that the French were gaining the land west of America. Jefferson feared that the French would attempt to attack them, in response he sent James Madison, Jefferson's vice president, to propose an offer to the French to buy the land. Jefferson hesitated in purchasing this territory because it expanded the American territory and allowed for more western settlement for the expanding population. Some people...
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...interests and citizen activist groups. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Disney’s America controversy through the lens of public policy process. I first analyze the core issues of the case. Second, I identify predominant actors and stakeholders. Third, I point out policy instruments and processes germane to the case. Finally, I discuss the outcome and lessons to be gleaned from the case. Issues Haymarket, a community with a population of 375, is located approximately 30 miles southwest of Washington D.C., in Prince William County, Virginia. It is situated in an area characterized by farmland in view of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west. Nearby is a Civil War battlefield site, now a National Battlefield Park administered by the National Park Service, where 20,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died during two battles fought at Bull Run: the first land battle of the Civil War in 1861, and in 1862, when Robert E. Lee defeated Union forces as he led the Confederate toward the Potomac River. In the early 1990s, Chairman Michael Eisner of Disney, envisioned an American history theme-park to be called Disney’s America. Colonial Williamsburg in southeastern Virginia initially provided inspiration for Disney executives. Prior to 1993, Disney officials surreptitiously acquired land-options in Prince William county using false names in order to avoid increases in land prices in anticipation of the project. The theme-park, estimated to cost $650 million, would be constructed...
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...------------------------------------------------------------ Federalism - Does the Constitution provide an efficient and realistic balance between national and state powers? Article 6, Section 1, Clause 2 “This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.” Federalism is the sharing of power between national and state governments. The Constitution states the federal government is the highest governmental power. The supremacy clause shows how important it is when a conflict between these laws become an issue. I believe the Constitution is too strict with this clause, but it is a decent clause to have at times. Some state laws shouldn’t be overruled, for example, immigration laws, taxes, etc. The supremacy clause is a good clause to have in cases, like federal laws. Checks and Balances - Does the constitutional separation of powers between the President and Congress lead to gridlock and delay? Article 2, Section 1, Clause 1 “The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected...” By creating three branches of government...
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...functions of the federal courts, describe the jurisdiction of the federal courts as well as what filing needs to be done within the court system. I will also be naming several different court levels as well as listing similarities and differences throughout each courtroom. Within the federal court system there are 3 organized divisions. First, there is the Supreme Court which is said to be the “highest court in the land”. Second, the U.S. Court of Appeals and last but not least, the U.S. District Courts. The federal courts hear cases that involve the laws that concern the Constitution, the laws and/or treaties of the U.S., Ambassadors and Public Ministers, disputes between two or more states and bankruptcy cases. The federal courts only exercise judicial powers, meaning the “courts decide controversies by issuing decisions in each case and the rationale for that decision”. Another exception to the rule is diversity of citizenship, which means that in such a case the Diversity of citizenship occurs if the lawsuit involves (a) citizens of different states, (b) a citizen of a state and a citizen or subject of a foreign country, and (c) a citizen of a state and a foreign country is the plaintiff. A corporation is considered to be a citizen of the state in which it is incorporated and in which it has its principal place of business. The reason for providing diversity of citizenship jurisdiction was to prevent state court bias against nonresidents. The federal court must apply...
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...Huntington, Leland Stanford, Charles Crocker and Mark Hopkins, and they came to be known as the “Big Four”. The “Big Four” were willing to finance the Central Pacific Railroad by any means possible. There were a total of 1530 stocks sold at $100 a share to get the railroad started. Huntington, Stanford, Crocker, Hopkins and Judah bought 150 shares each and were able to start their company with only ten percent down which equaled $15,800. Thanks to the help of Judah the Congress passed the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 and President Lincoln signed it. Just two short years later the Act was amended so that it would be even more generous to the railroads. The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads received federal loans and land grants. “Those who supported land grants to pioneer railroads argued that the grants would be beneficial to society.” (Mercer, L.J. 1970). The loans were 60 year bonds at 6 percent interest. The Act of 1862 had a built in security with the government having a first mortgage on the...
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...but we rarely see their news on the big news sources, and many of their stories do not get heard or acted upon. One headline we have seen on the news is the NFL Redskins team renaming controversy. Although we have seen and heard of the controversy in the news, it has been a long drawn out process that has not had any resolution yet. One theme often in early Native American literature as well as in...
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...The Fundamentalist Church of Latter Day Saints is one of the most ongoing controversial cults in the United States. The main two reasons for this controversy. This group is constantly breaking the sacred canopy that our modern society has created. A major example of breaking through this canopy is through their practice of polygamous marriages. Polygamous marriage is outlawed in the United States. Ironically, this is not where the Mormon sect has run into legal issues. Their leader, Warren Jeffs, was placed on trial for aiding and abetting rape, along with accusations of child sexual abuse (2011). The government should have the right to intervene in a religious organization if the risk of endangerment presents itself. The controversy of polygamous...
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...Louisiana Purchase 1803 Bridget Cochran 01/28/2012American InterContinental University |...
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...process, the city cut back hundreds of homes yards and this was through the use of Eminent Domain. Luckily, the city only had issues with two specific properties but it has been handled in the courts. Eminent Domain is a legal strategy that allows a federal or local government to seize private property for public use. The seizing authority must pay fair market value for the property seized. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution permit the government to exercise its power of eminent domain. It is important to note that those people really didn’t have a choice in their yards being used for roads. From the available information on the Schillinger’s road project, all of the homeowners felt they had gotten just compensation of around $20,000 to $60,000. Only two men felt their property was worth around $120,000 but in court it was finalized at about $60,000 as it was only a corner of their property. The $60,000 is what the lands fair market value is....
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...persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.” This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. The fifth amendment states, “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject, for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” This amendment guarantees a trial by jury and guards against double...
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...are sources that establish the law. In the United States, these include the U.S. Constitution and the state constitutions, statues passed by Congress and the state legislatures, regulations created by administrative agencies, and court decisions, or case law. 2A COMMON LAW TRADITION Because of our colonial heritage, much of American law is based on the English legal system. In that system, after the Norman conquest, the king’s courts sought to establish a uniform set of rules for the entire country. What evolved in these courts was the common law—a body of general legal principles that applied throughout the entire English realm. Courts developed the common law rules from the principles underlying judges’ decisions in actual legal controversies. 3A Precedent Judges attempt to be consistent, and when possible, they base their decisions on the principles suggested by earlier cases. They seek to decide similar cases in a similar way and consider new cases with care, because they know that their conflicting decisions make new law. Each interpretation becomes part of the law on the subject and serves as a legal precedent—a decision that furnishes an example or authority for deciding subsequent cases involving similar legal principles or facts. A court will depart from the rule of a precedent when it decides that the rule should no longer be followed. If a court decides that a precedent is simply incorrect or that technological or social changes have rendered the precedent...
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...smuggling 2. Proclamation of 1763 3. Sugar Act 4. Revenue Act 5. Currency Act D. Stamp Act crisis 1. Provisions of Stamp Act 2. Indignation in colonies 3. Taxation and representation; increasing opposition a. Virginia resolutions b. Stamp Act Congress c. Boycott of British goods d. Public demonstrations e. Committees of Correspondence f. Sons of Liberty g. Crowd actions 4. Breadth of opposition a. Colonial elites b. Middling ranks c. Laboring classes 5. Repeal of Stamp Act; passage of Declaratory Act E. Internal colonial disputes 1. Tenant uprising in Hudson Valley 2. Tenant uprising in Green Mountains 3. Regulators in South Carolina 4. Regulators in North Carolina II. The road to revolution A. Townshend crisis 1. Provisions of Townshend duties 2. Colonial response, home-spun virtue a. Revival of boycott on British goods b. American-made goods as symbol of resistance c. Reawakening of popular protest B. Boston Massacre 1. Stationing of troops in Boston 2. The massacre 3. Popular indignation C. An uneasy calm 1. Repeal of Townshend duties; withdrawal of troops from Boston 2. Lifting of boycott 3. Persisting suspicions of Britain 4. John Wilkes controversy 5. Anglican church rumors D. Tea and Intolerable Acts 1. Tea Act a. Roots in global commercial developments b. Contents 2. Colonial response a. Resistance in ports b. Boston Tea...
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...Angela Donohue Tamara Heinemann Env-226-201 7 May 2013 Tragedy at the Love Canal A quite family neighborhood would awake one day to find themselves the center of one of the most devastating environmental disasters of all time. Originally designed as a dream community and named for William Love the owner of the tract of land in Niagara Falls, New York it would later become a life and law changing event. When the original plans for the canal were considered it was thought to be an economical way to bring a cheap source of power to the would be development, but William Love struggled to find the path he needed to turn his dreams into a reality. By 1920 the land was turned into a municipal and chemical dumpsite, used not only by the city, but by the military where even some nuclear waste from the Manhattan Project was dumped. Years later it was used solely by Hooker Electrochemical Company, and then later sold to the city, after a supposed cleanup, for a whopping whole dollar. That should have been the first sign of trouble. In the late 1950’s a working class community was resurrected on the old dump site. Homes, schools and churches were built for this middle class neighborhood and families went about their business for several decades without knowledge of the dangers. That is until the summer of 1978 when record rain falls led to the visible leaching of the some 248 chemicals and 82 chemical compounds, 11...
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...Hydrofracking Mark A Carabajal POL/215 August 6, 2015 Imran Anwar Hydrofracking A process for retrieving natural gas from 7,000 feet below the earth’s surface has caused environmental concerns. Hydrofracking has been around since the 40’s but wasn’t until the 90’s where technology allowed for a vertical drill to drill horizontally into shall deep below the surface creating several bores and accessing hundreds of acres of shale. Hydrofarcking comes with its controversy, some argue that it is contaminating water sources and creating environmental concerns, while others say there is no proof of this despite many studies. Benefits of hydrofracking Hyfrofracking allows easy access to natural gas at a time where our country has growing energy concerns. It allows access to energy sources that can be extracted, processed and then used by a consumer. Hydrofracking has been bringing good paying jobs to regions that may have had a low standard of living. Sates such as South Dakota, Colorado, and Wyoming are a few states with large rural areas that have benefited from the huge job growth the hydrofracking has produced. 72,000 jobs were created in Pennsylvania from 2009 to 2011. Local governments are willing to take short cuts due to huge amounts of dollars coming into the local, and state pockets. Fines also could be assessed by local and state inspectors that can result in even more revenue due to high fines. Natural gas is one of the cleanest burning fuels we use...
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...It led Congress to create the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) that was responsible for regulation of federal interstate commerce. Trying to comply will all states rules on their lines would only be a burden to the railways. In this case the power of the states was limited when it came to regulating their own commerce, but in Munn and Peik the states had a great deal of power when it came to regulating commerce. Miller made the right decision because if ALL states were to try and regulate their own lines the process of agreement would be too difficult and ultimately cause problems with their railways. The states want their railways to be successful NOT hard to control. Having a higher power overlook the issues of interstate commerce aka Congress as stated in the commerce clause, is more beneficial to the states. 12. United States v. E.C Knight...
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