...INSTITUTIONAL POLICY MANAGEMENT Additional help THE FRAMEWORK FOR INSTITUTIONAL POLICY MANAGEMENT • Consult the Dobson (2002) article: – The assignment question asks you to consider the rationale (consider the reasons for why something is regarded as important or imperative to adopt) for institutionalising policy management. – See that throughout the article, Dobson links institutionalising policy management to policy effectiveness. The counterargument is also given – namely that in the absence of sound institutional management of a policy, it is likely to fail (see Dobson 2002:250). – Institutionalising in essence means that the management of the policy is given over to government institutions – State institutions usually have: • internal organisational structures, • goals, • structured and enduring activities, • defined roles, • responsibilities and accountabilities and • Meaningful organisational boundaries. INSTITUTIONALISM IN PUBLIC POLICY • Public policy is regarded as institutional output. It notes: – – • Who is responsible for policy implementation? How is policy determined, implemented, and enforced by these institutions? Three factors that play a role: – Legitimacy (the policy has authorised power) • Perceptions of how legitimate a public policy is will be influenced by the procedural steps taken by decision makers during the policy cycle. • Consultation, participation and stakeholder engagement shape the legitimacy of public policies...
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...effectively to environmental issues? Is public policy a more useful concept to understand how the commons is managed in our society? Why or why not? Markets are not able to respond effectively to environmental issues because they cannot determine the value of the environment and its elements. It is not a part of the exchange or transaction and market systems were not designed to factor in environmental costs. Public policy is definitely a useful concept in understanding how the commons are managed in our society. It allows citizens to effectively understand the many different rules and regulations that exist in order to protect as well as conserve the environment. It places value upon what markets cannot determine. 2. Which definition of public policy makes the most sense to you personally? What essential elements are there to your definition? How does public policy differ from business policy? Personally, the definition of public policy that makes the most sense is that “…public policy is a specific course of action taken collectively by society or by a legitimate representative of society addressing a specific problem of public concern that reflects the interests of society or particular segments of society.” The essential element to this definition that rings most true to me is the last portion; that public policy is a representation of the interests of society as either a partial or a whole. Public policy differs from business policy in that it is essentially a representation...
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...1. Why are markets themselves not able to respond effectively to environmental issues? Is public policy a more useful concept to understand how the commons is managed in our society? Why or why not? Markets are unable to respond effectively to environmental issues because they are unable to regulate or control the value of the environment and the elements it is made up of. The environment is not apart of the market transaction and market systems were not designed to take environmental costs into consideration. Public policy is a useful concept to understand how the commons is managed in our society because it allows individuals within the communities to effectively understand the various rules and regulations that are in order to protect and conserve our natural environment. Public policy places value upon what markets are unable to determine. 2. Which definition of public policy makes the most sense to you personally? What essential elements are there to your definition? How does public policy differ from business policy? The definition of public policy that makes the most sense to me is, "public policy is a specific course of action taken collectively by society or by a legitimate representative of society addressing a specific problem of public concern that reflects the interests of society or particular segments of society." To me, the definition that public policy is a representation of the interests of society makes the most sense to me because it further...
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... INDIAN BUSINESS ENIRONMENT MBA–2nd SEMESTER, M.D.U., ROHTAK External Marks : 70 Time : 3 hrs. Internal Marks : 30 UNIT-I Nature, components and determinatnts of business environment; basic nature of Indian economic system; relation size and growth of public and private corporate sector, social responsibility of business; broad features of India's now economic policy. UNIT-II Trend and pattern of industrial growth; review of industrial policy developments; industrial licensing policy; liberalisation of the private sector; trends and issues in corporate management; growth and problems of the small scale sector; public sector reforms and privatisation the problem of industrial sickness; MRTP Act, SICA and Industrial Disputes Act. UNIT-III Development banks for corporate Sector (IDBI, IFCI, ICICI) - trends pattern and policy; regulation of stock exchanges and the role of SEBI; banking sector reforms, challenges facing public sector banks; growth and changing structure of non bank financial institutions; problem of non performing assets in Indian Banks. UNIT-IV Trend and pattern of India's foreign trade and balance of payments; latest EXIM policy-main features; policy towards foreign direct investment; globalisation trends in Indian economy; role of MNC's; India's policy commitments to multilateral insitiutions - IMF, World Bank and WTO. NOTE : The question paper will be set by the external examiners. The external examiner will set 8 questions in all...
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..."equals are treated equally" in policy creation, it is perhaps best to look at models that are already achieving these goals and examine how they can be reapplied elsewhere. Even though places such as Japan, Italy, and Iceland are often referenced as being the healthiest countries in the world, I argue that taking policy ideas from other countries is not the best idea since they do not share the same deeply ingrained cultural and socio-economic problems as the United States. For the best example of policies that improved socio-economic, infrastructure, and health inequalities, I will reference the 2017 United Health Foundation report...
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...Thoughts on Economics Vol. 20, No. 03 Bangladesh Industrial Policy 2010: A Critical Appraisal Ayubur Rahman Bhuyan[1] [Abstract: The draft industrial policy (2010) of Bangladesh, announced recently, proposes an integrated strategy of economic growth through rapid industrialization. It envisages an increase in the industry sector’s share in GDP to 40 percent by 2021, with the proportion of the workforce employed in the sector concurrently rising to 25 percent of the country’s total labour force. While many of the provisions of the proposed policy were common to previous policies as well, it has brought some improvements over the immediate past (2005) industrial policy, in particular about the classification of industry and redefinition of industry size in terms of both fixed capital and the employment of labour. This paper, however, expresses some reservations about certain provisions in the proposed policy, for example, those regarding thrust sector and regulated industries, the revival of sick industries, and a guarded approach to divesting public sector enterprises merely for purpose of protecting jobs. The paper attributes the failure of past industrial policies to boost industrial growth to the policy makers’ inability to address the many structural impediments and policy failures that slowed down the pace of industrial activity. The paper expresses optimism that if the structural impediments and policy obstacles that retarded industrial growth in the past were removed...
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...SYLLABUS INDIAN BUSINESS ENIRONMENT MBA–2nd SEMESTER, M.D.U., ROHTAK External Marks : 70 Time : 3 hrs. Internal Marks : 30 UNIT-I Nature, components and determinatnts of business environment; basic nature of Indian economic system; relation size and growth of public and private corporate sector, social responsibility of business; broad features of India's now economic policy. UNIT-II Trend and pattern of industrial growth; review of industrial policy developments; industrial licensing policy; liberalisation of the private sector; trends and issues in corporate management; growth and problems of the small scale sector; public sector reforms and privatisation the problem of industrial sickness; MRTP Act, SICA and Industrial Disputes Act. UNIT-III Development banks for corporate Sector (IDBI, IFCI, ICICI) - trends pattern and policy; regulation of stock exchanges and the role of SEBI; banking sector reforms, challenges facing public sector banks; growth and changing structure of non bank financial institutions; problem of non performing assets in Indian Banks. UNIT-IV Trend and pattern of India's foreign trade and balance of payments; latest EXIM policy-main features; policy towards foreign direct investment; globalisation trends in Indian economy; role of MNC's; India's policy commitments to multilateral insitiutions - IMF, World Bank and WTO. NOTE : The question paper will be set by the external examiners. The external examiner will set 8 questions in all, selecting not more...
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...Mission of Public Health in America According to Stanhope & Lancaster, the mission of Public Health in America is to “Promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury and disability” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014). Public Health Core Functions and Essential Public Health Services The concept that; the contributions from all public, private and voluntary bodies to the delivery of essential public health services ensures that the health and well-being of the community are acknowledged in assessing the provision of public health services. There are ten Essential Public Health Services which describe the public health activities that all communities should assume. Public Health Core functions include; assessment, public development, and assurance which plays an important role in the Essential Public Health Services. Assessment: “Systematic data collection on the population; monitoring the population’s health status, and making information available about the health of community (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014)”. Some examples include hazardous wastes sites assessments, conduction risk communication and education about potential environmental risks near such sites. In addition, disease outbreaks are detected and investigated. 1. Monitor health status to identify community health...
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...Cell Phone: 347-852-9555 Email: abcCO@gmail.com New policy to improve sweatshops work conditions and labor ABC co is proud to release a new policy to improve our work environment and labor in the sweatshops. To prevent any problems with the sweatshop we are releasing a new policy. The new policy will features strict supervision, safer environment, and provide enough income for the employees. Although there are many sweatshops, ABC co intends to offer more, having a new policy means safer work environment. In order to commit to this new policy the company supplier has to agree to it and sign a contract. This way ABC co will know what is going to be done to the factories. This new policy will have an impact on all of us not just ABC co. The consumer would be pleased with the products they purchase comes from a safe work environment. The employees will know there will be no forced labor and they will have their rights. We as a company would like to improve our work environment since most of the sweatshops work conditions are really in bad conditions. We want to have our reputation as an excellent company. We know by releasing this new policy will make a change to our company. This would be great opportunity for the company to get known as a company that have a safe work environment and treat the employees fair. The new policy can make a great impression to the public or government. The others features on the policy are we will not tolerate forced labor, no minimum wage violations...
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...The Effects of Public School Uniform Policies Taresha Y. Hemphill ECPI University Abstract Public school uniform Policies are not a solution to all school problems. Some problems will still exist. However, the improvements that the mandatory uniform policies have made across the nation are indisputable. Public school uniform policies will continue to reduce school violence and gang activity and overall help create a productive and safer learning environment. It will take more work to correct the school systems, but they will only get worse if something is not done about them. Even though school uniforms are a small step to improving the violence in public schools in the United States, it is better to make that small step than do nothing at all. There are vast opinions over what students should wear to school. Some see a student’s style of dress as an expression of who they are and dress code policies as a First Amendment Rights issue. Others see a student’s style of dress as a safety issue. School Dress Codes and Uniform policies have been challenged in PTA meetings, the classroom and in the court room. The main reason for having these policies is to create a safer, more productive learning environment for our children; not to strip away their freedom. We should allow students to express themselves and their individuality. However, this does not mean that their expression should be so...
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...Stauffer, E., & Gittelsohn, J. (2011). Access to food source and food source use are associated with healthy and unhealthy food-purchasing behaviours among low-income African-American adults in Baltimore City. Public Health Nutrition, 14(09), 1632-1639. doi:10.1017/s1368980011000498 This article tells us that the supply of healthy food is limited in low-income urban communities. Supermarkets and corner shops are the most popular sources of food, and data suggest that corner stores are associated with more unhealthy foods. Compared with supermarkets in low-income communities, many corner stores make them a source of food available and available for many people. Interventions are needed to increase the...
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...Nowadays in China, one issue is getting more and more severe as the increasing development of China’s economy, that is, environmental pollutions. Starting with air pollution, along with water pollution and soil pollution, China is currently facing the most serious problems than ever before. Establishing of many industrial factories has made China a top share in manufacturing. However, neglecting of protecting the environment while developing manufacturing has already resulted in lots of problems, such as the PM2.5 problem in many major cities, as well as the extreme lack of clean drinking water. On the other hand, concerns over global environmental issues, such as global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, trans-boundary movement of acid rain, and hazardous waste, etc., are mounting worldwide. About 25 years ago, a law named Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, which set out basic principles and directions for formulating environmental policies, was enacted on December 26, 1989. This Law was formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving people's environment and the ecological environment, preventing and controlling pollution and other public hazards, safeguarding human health and facilitating the development of socialist modernization. The law has stated that The state shall encourage the development of education in the science of environmental protection, strengthen the study and development of the...
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...A TRIBUTE TO OLIVER WILLIAMSON: Institutions, Politics, and Non-Market Strategy Rui J. P. de Figueiredo, Jr. liver Williamson is best known for his contributions to economics, and particularly to our understanding of how private firms are defined, operate, and change. Williamson’s primary application addressed the question of why some economic transactions were organized within a private firm, while others took place outside of a firm, in the market. Despite this focus, Williamson’s reach and impact has extended far beyond the domain of private firms and markets. Certainly suitable for a scholar who has been so vocally interdisciplinary in his approach to the study of institutions and organizations, Williamson’s work has also made critical contributions to the understanding of political institutions specifically, and politics more generally. O From Transaction Cost Economics to Transaction Cost Politics At its heart, Williamson’s deep analysis of organization through the “lens of contract” is not restricted to private firms competing for economic profits. The theory and empirical analysis outlined and developed by Williamson, and those working through the framework he provides, focus on issues of governance more broadly: how activities, exchanges, or transactions are appropriately (or at times inappropriately) organized to minimize transaction costs. Put another way, one of Williamson’s signal contributions was to note that the way in which social activity is organized...
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...discussion for Scholars and Policy Makers alike. The following paper will utilize the US Senate Hearing regarding the Nuclear Energy Innovation & Modernization Act proposal to explore the policy positions in conflict. Deborah Stone’s Policy Paradox gives the insightful framework by which we will examine how witnesses of this Senate hearing define goals, conceptualize any potential problems all to ultimately arrive at solutions that are primed for effective implementation. The first section of this paper is dedicated to giving detailed definitions of key terms provided by Stone that will be essential to comprehending this policy paradox. The second section will provide contextual information regarding...
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...That the developed since strategic management theory, Enterprise strategy Mainly in product and market as the core to arrange (corporate). However, the actual business affected by the market and non market factors in reality, more and more enterprises realize, government regulation and policy, public support, stakeholders, the news media are they get an important source of competitive advantage. Enterprises through the prompted the government to Competitor Or Substitute Manufacturer imposed regulation, or win over rivals more preferential policies, or through some Policy Influence of upstream and downstream enterprises to win for a supply of sth. ability, so as to win the comparative advantage over competitors. Non market factors to the enterprise produces is directly affected, and not just through the role of market factors Indirect effects . Therefore, in the real environment of competition, not strategy and enterprise market based on environmental factors to solve various problems, western scholars gradually the non market strategy into strategic management of enterprises Theory Field of vision, as a part of enterprise strategic system to study and in this field has been made certain achievements. Non market strategy - background From the perspective of strategic management From the perspective of strategic management, production and development strategy research of non market involves the background changes in two aspects, one is the non market factors directly impact...
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