The Effects of Post 911 Sporting Venues
Linden Franco
Calumet College of St. Joseph
Public Safety Management Program
Chicago, Illinois
February 25, 2014

Table of Contents
Chapter Page
I. Abstract ..…………………………………………………………... 3
II. Introduction .…………………………………………………………… 4
III. First Section (lack of preparation) …………………………………… 5
IV. Second Section (susceptibility) …...….…………………………… 6
V. Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 6
VI. Bibliography …………………………………………………………… 7

Abstract
The general American public had no idea what was in store for them on the early morning of September, 11, 2001, nor how it would subsequently effect their live. Early that morning America watched in horror as the unthinkable happen. The twin towers pillars of American freedom, and capitalism that had stood tall over the skyline of New York City N.Y. were attacked. The skyline was not the only thing that would be changed that day. The possibility of terrorist acts at large sporting venues has caused owners and managers to take a different look at their facilities. They had to consider the possibility of terrorist activity, vulnerabilities, and protection of the venues and lack of security measures. Managers and owners had to develop operational plans and incident preparedness for emergency incidents. Sporting venues are packed on a daily bases with thousands of persons who could easily become the victims of a terrorist plot. A simple thing as going to a ball game would never be as before.

Introduction
American sport venues are susceptible to various threats, such as terrorism, natural disasters and fan violence (Fried, 2005; Lipton, 2005). Researchers have found that there is a lack of security personnel training at sporting venues when it comes to guarding against terrorism (Baker et al). With the unpredictability of terrorist actions and lack of proper training going