...to expulsion from school. At The Paper Experts, plagiarism can result in loss of pay for a paper or dismissal from the company’s pool of writers. Nevertheless, many writers have discovered that internet-based sources have made it easy to “cut and paste” material into their own work, and too often they fail to properly document this material, resulting in plagiarism. Often this occurs accidentally through carelessness or mistakes. The key to understanding how plagiarism happens and how to avoid it is to understand the philosophy of writing and what makes an academic paper an essay. What is an Essay? Because academic essays involve using other people’s research, ideas, and opinions to support and defend the writer’s own thesis, many writers believe an essay simply assembles these outside sources. Too often, papers read like a series of quotations glued together with transition words like “additionally” or “in contrast.” This is not a real essay. This mistaken idea about what an essay is makes it easy to plagiarize because the writer is doing very little thinking or writing by him- or herself. A true academic essay develops a strong thesis statement in its introduction and spends the rest of the essay supporting and defending that thesis, both through the use of facts, ideas, and information from outside sources and, more importantly, through the writer’s own analysis and discussion of those outside sources. Remember that in an academic paper, the analysis and discussion is...
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...HOW TO USE SOURCES IN YOUR PAPER A Tutorial Using outside research sources Most writers who are asked to use outside research sources in their academic papers have problems at one time or another with at least one of the following questions: I’m lost!! Common Questions What is a citation? Why do I need to cite? What is a source? What does it mean to quote, paraphrase, and summarize a source? What is a citation style? What does it mean to plagiarize? Understanding why Before learning what these words and phrases mean, it is important to understand why they are needed. Why we need to cite sources Intellectual property is the product The reason that the citation (or listing) of outside sources in a paper is needed is that in the United States and many other of one countries, the concept of intellectual person’s property (property that is the product of mind. someone’s mind) is very important. What is intellectual property? Intellectual property is treated by the law in the same way as a new Idea Property of Owner mechanical invention would be. Intellectual property is an original idea or information (usually stated in words and/or numbers) that is treated as the property of its creator. Whose idea is it anyway? You must This idea cannot be used by other another identify the writer without a statement telling the words or reader...
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...and are each used in a style guide for a different discipline (APA used references; Turabian uses works cited). • If you only cite 1 source in your paper, be sure to label your bibliography page accordingly (i.e., reference or work cited instead of references or works cited). • You must only include the sources that you actually cited in your references or works cited page. If you read other materials while writing your paper, but you did not actually cite them, you may want to include them on a separate page; since they are not actually cited, they must not appear on the works cited or reference page. • You must list all sources that you cited in your paper, including dictionary and encyclopedia entries. • Attention to detail in a works cited or references page is important because it can help you to avoid plagiarism, it demonstrates academic integrity, and it helps your reader to find and use the same sources that you did. • Regardless of whether you use a references or works cited page, your entries must be listed in alphabetical order based on the first word of the entry (usually the author’s last name, but sometimes a piece may not have an author, so you will have to use a different piece of information. Check the Prentice Hall Reference Guide for more information. Summaries, Paraphrases, and Quotes • Signal phrases must be written and punctuated properly. o If your signal phrase ends with the word that, you do not need to...
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................................................... 3 What Needs to Be Cited? ........................................................................................ 3 What Does Not Need to Be Cited?............................................................................ 3 Using Sources ......................................................................................................... 4 Quotations ........................................................................................................... 5 When to Quote .................................................................................................. 5 Tips and Suggestions.......................................................................................... 5 Paraphrases ......................................................................................................... 5 When to Paraphrase ........................................................................................... 6 Tips and Suggestions.......................................................................................... 6 Summaries .......................................................................................................... 6 When to Summarize ........................................................................................... 7 Tips and Suggestions.......................................................................................... 7 Visual Aids ......................................................
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...SUMMARY 1. Briefly look the article over to get a general idea of its content A. What is the title? Subtitle? Headings? B. Skim the first and last few paragraphs C. Pay attention to keywords that are in bold or italics D. Graphs, pictures, diagrams 2. Read the article straight through A. Check or underline main points B. Look for important details C. Look for definitions, lists or examples that indicate key ideas 3. Go back and reread the areas you have identified as important. See if you missed anything important. 4. Take notes on the material. Write down key ideas and important quotes. 5. Write a brief summary. A. Include the main ideas of the article B. Don’t be overly detailed C. Limit your quotes. Only quote to illustrate points you can’t put in your own words DIRECT QUOTES • A direct quote must be written EXACTLY as it appears in the original work. ***Exceptions: • If you don’t need all of the words you can remove some, so long as it doesn’t change the meaning of the quote To do so, use brackets and ellipses […] EXAMPLE: We cannot guarantee that bad things will happen, but we can argue that good things are not happening. It is the contention of this report that increasing numbers of young people are left to their own devices at a critical time in their development. “We cannot guarantee that bad things will...
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...Fayette County Schools Research Paper Survival Guide June 2009 (revised November 2011) Compiled by: Jillian Bowen, Joanne Dirring, Monica Dorner, Greta Jackson, Shery Kearney, Ann Richardson, and Cheryll Thompson-Smith Based on the work of: Linda Brem, Kathy Franks, Cathy Nix, Ann Richardson, and Cynde Snider Table of Contents Plagiarism………………………………………………………………. Plagiarism Statement - Middle School……………………………..... Plagiarism Statement - High School……………………………….... English Research Requirements…………………………………….. Middle School Requirements…………………………………... 9th Grade Requirements………………………………………… 10th Grade Requirements………………………………………. 11th Grade Requirements………………………………………. 12th Grade Requirements………………………………………. Frequently Asked Questions…………………………………………. Annotated Bibliographies……………………………………….. Citation Formats…………………..……………………………... Common Mistakes………………………………………………. Documentation and Plagiarism…………..…………………….. Internet and Databases…………………………………………. MLA Manuscript Form…...……………………………………… Note Cards…..…………………………………………………… Outlines…………………………………………………………… Paraphrases and Quotations..…………………………………. Parenthetical Documentation……………………………...…... Quoting Poetry……………………………..……………………. Research Papers..………………………………………………. Research Process……………….……………………………… Research Projects……….……………………………………… Source Cards..…………………………………………………… Works Cited Page……………………………………………….. Research Glossary……………………………………………………. Online Resources……………………………………………………… Works Cited…………………………………………………………….....
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...HOW TO WRITE A LITERARY ANALYSIS ESSAY The purpose of a literary analysis essay is to carefully examine and sometimes evaluate a work of literature or an aspect of a work of literature. As with any analysis, this requires you to break the subject down into its component parts. Examining the different elements of a piece of literature is not an end in itself but rather a process to help you better appreciate and understand the work of literature as a whole. For instance, an analysis of a poem might deal with the different types of images in a poem or with the relationship between the form and content of the work. If you were to analyze (discuss and explain) a play, you might analyze the relationship between a subplot and the main plot, or you might analyze the character flaw of the tragic hero by tracing how it is revealed through the acts of the play. Analyzing a short story might include identifying a particular theme (like the difficulty of making the transition from adolescence to adulthood) and showing how the writer suggests that theme through the point of view from which the story is told; or you might also explain how the main character‟s attitude toward women is revealed through his dialogue and/or actions. REMEMBER: Writing is the sharpened, focused expression of thought and study. As you develop your writing skills, you will also improve your perceptions and increase your critical abilities. Writing ultimately boils down to the development of an idea....
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...GEORGE FAHMY ENG 121 D. Meltzer A summary is a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage. You should focus on the central idea of the passage. Summarize when you want to present the main points of a lengthy passage or when you want to condense peripheral points necessary to your discussion. A summary should be brief, complete, and objective. In order to summarize information, you must first be able to understand it. This requires careful critical reading. Read the passage completely the first time to gain an overall understanding of the piece, begin making margin notes that identify important points, shifts in thoughts, . also want to consider at this point what the significance of the whole piece is, what the parts of the essay that fit into the whole are, and how the points are organized to support the whole. A paraphrase is very similar to a summary in that you use your own words to communicate to your reader what the original passage has stated; however, an important difference between the two is that the paraphrase is approximately the same length as the original rather that one quarter of its length, as a summary is. In a paraphrase, instead of only restating the writer's main points, you will follow the progression of the writer's ideas sentence by sentence. In other words, each sentence in the paraphrase corresponds to a sentence in the original, the main difference being, of course, you have replaced the language of the original...
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...your work as Plag._Ex_Your Name. Below, you will complete an assignment where you will be required to review an excerpt from a journal article written by Martha Snyder. After reading the excerpt and reviewing all of the materials in the Reading & Study folder, please complete the questions related. Do not neglect to include citations as needed. In order to provide some clarification, please see the definitions below: * Paraphrase: When you paraphrase something, it means that you are restating the facts in your own words, clarifying facts, or rewording. * Summary: A summary requires that you take a passage or excerpt and break it down into the most basic points. To use a common metaphor, you are trimming the fat. The reader should be left with only the major points. * Quotation: A quotation requires that you take a portion of the text and replicate it exactly. This can be anywhere from 3 words to an entire sentence. Part One: 30 Points For the assignment, write as though each answer is a portion of your Adult Learning Theory Paper. Everything should be in current APA format (where necessary). Please read the excerpt below and answer the questions. In an effort to better understand how adults learn, adult learning theories are derived to help theorists and practitioners by providing workable and testable explanations of the learning process. These theories seek to explain how the process of learning as an adult differs from learning as a child. They focus...
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...ENG-105 Rubric: Rhetorical Analysis of a Public Document Assignment |Criteria |% Value |1: Unsatisfactory |2: Less Than Satisfactory |3: Satisfactory |4: Good |5: Excellent | |% Scaling | |0% |65% |75% |85% |100% | |Content and Ideas – 60% | |Introduce and summarize the |20% |The introduction of the website is|The introduction of the website|The introduction of the website is |The introduction of the |The introduction to the website| |website | |not present AND the summarization |is not present OR the |present. The summarization of the |website is present. The |is present and elaborate. The | | | |of the website is missing. |summarization of the website is|website is present. |summarization of the website |summarization of the website is| | | | |incomplete. | ...
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...WRITING A SUMMARY OF AN ARTICLE WHAT IS A SUMMARY? A summary restates the main ideas of an author in your own words. It keeps the essential information from the original passage while eliminating most supporting details, such as the examples and illustrations. A good summary makes the author's ideas clear, perhaps even clearer than in the original. What is the difference between an abridgement, a paraphrase, and a summary? An abridgement is a shortened form of a work that to a great extent keeps the language of the original. Although an editor has made decisions about which words or passages to delete, the article or book is presented as the work of the original author. A paraphrase differs from an abridgement in that it is written in language different from the original. It follows the order of the original text and, unlike a summary, it recasts everything, not just the main ideas. It may be shorter than the original, but it could...
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...Assignment 1: Summary and Personal Response Due Week 2 and worth 120 points Select one essay in The brief McGraw-Hill guide: Writing for college, writing for life: (2nd ed.) to summarize for this assignment. Choose from the following essays: “Se habla Espanol” by Barrientos; “Facing poverty with a rich girl’s habits” by Kim; “On becoming a writer” by Baker; “Farm girl” by Hemauer Write a one and one-half to two (1½ - 2) page summary paper in which you: 1.Identify the source (writer and title of essay) and state his or her most important point in your own words. 2.Summarize the other main points and their supporting details in separate paragraphs. 3.Discuss the (1) writer’s purpose, (2) genre, (3) audience, and (4) tone (attitude), 4.Describe your emotional response to the essay. 5.Use quotations, paraphrase, and summary correctly. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: •Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. •Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: •Recognize how to use quotations, paraphrase, and...
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...Practice Research Assignment This is a skill-building exercise meant to assist you in becoming a more thorough, active reader, and to help you respond appropriately to the material you've read. The article is similar to what you will be reading when you research your own final paper. If you do not understand or are having difficulties interpreting the article, you may not be ready for English 102. If that is the case, please see me. Also, remember that in this assignment, you will be writing a summary, not an essay. Again, you should have worked on summarizing in earlier English Courses. If you don’t know how to summarize, please see me. Begin the assignment by clicking on the link to access the article. 1. Print out and read the article "Rethinking Plagiarism in the Digital Age," by Lea Calvert Evering and Gary Moorman, very quickly, pencil or pen in hand. DO NOT use a highlighter. Circle any unfamiliar words. 2. On a separate sheet of paper, make a list of the unfamiliar words. Look them up in the dictionary or on dictionary.com, jotting down their definitions and noting their pronunciations. 3. Read the article again, using a pen or pencil and taking notes DIRECTLY ON THE PAPER. This is called annotation. Make your notes legible so that later on you can go back and transfer them into a notebook, if necessary. Here is what you will do: • Underline the names of the authors. • Determine the authors' purpose in writing the article. Why did they...
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...A Summary of Unit One Tim Yarbrough Post University A Summary of Unit One As writers sometimes you will need to summarize someone else’s thoughts or ideas. In order to do this properly you must, briefly restate, someone else’s content, in your own word’s (Behrens & Rosen, 2013, p. 3). When writing requires paraphrasing instead of quotations the writer needs to understand the work then put it to his/her own words. Quotation are only used when you need to use the exact language of someone else, these should be used scarcely. When writing, knowing how to write a summary, paraphrase, and quote a source is key conveying your ideas without plagiarizing someone else’s. While developing a summary there are some key things to remember. When you are summarizing someone else work you must read and understand the authors work. Without understanding the context and main points of someone’s work you will not be able to put it into your own words. Although it is unreasonable to think that while writing a summary someone can be completely objective, that is the goal. While writing a summary just like writing anything else a key in the process is preparation. As stated before understanding the work you are summarizing if crucial to the writing process. Reading, writing summary’s as you read the work, developing your thesis, writing your summary, checking it against the original and then final revision are the steps that should be taken to effectively...
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...Column 2 shows you how to do ‘in-text referencing’ or ‘in-text citation’ – this is where you refer to your sources of information WITHIN your assignment when you paraphrase, summarise or quote. • Column 3 shows you how to cite each type of reference in the ‘Reference List’ at the END of your assignment. This list of references provides your reader with all the information about each source you have referred to in your assignment, so they can find each source you have referred to if they wish. Here are some useful terms with which you need to be familiar: A paraphrase means saying something in another way without changing its meaning, for example, using your own words to express the ideas of an author. A paraphrase may/may not be shorter than the original. A summary is similar to a paraphrase except it is shorter than the original. Summarising involves ‘compressing’ large amounts of information into a few sentences. So it involves picking out the main ideas, leaving out the details, and putting the main ideas into your own words. A quotation involves reproducing the EXACT words from a source. Quotations must be carefully selected and copied from the original source material, and should be sparingly used to support your arguments or the key points you wish to make. If you wish to use a short quotation, you...
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