...Is Kenya ripe for securitization of real estate? Defination of securitization Securitisation is the issuance of debt certificates that are secured by cash flows from different kinds of assets. The issued securities are called Asset-Backed Securities (ABS). In essence a pool of payment claims are packaged and are made to securities in order to create a secondary market for the underlying receivables or other various illiquid assets. Securitisation is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations and selling said consolidated debt as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized mortgage obligation (CMOs), to various investors. The principal and interest on the debt, underlying the security, is paid back to the various investors regularly. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS). Therefore, securitization of real estate is the pooling of real estate assets as underlying assets securing a debt, which is issued to investors in return for cash flows from the underlying real estate assets. The illiquid real estate assets that generate a constant cash flow are formed into a tradable security and are floated on the debt market. Securitization process In its most basic form, the process involves two steps. 1. A company with loans...
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...notes and issues The Full Spectrum of Real Estate Risk Analysis1 by Gary P. Taylor, MAI, SRA, and William E. Endsley he full spectrum of real estate risk analysis begins with the traditional banking infrastructures needed to fund property development and economic growth. The spectrum extends to the newer securitization products and property rating systems being developed to accelerate growth in mature economies. This spectrum also includes developing economies, economies in crisis, and economies in transition. Without a plan to spread rational and transparent capital development to every area of the world, economic uncertainty and threats to security will spread instead. Most importantly, the real estate spectrum includes a diverse group of citizens, governments, civil societies, and corporations that share power, often in inequitable ways. This paper looks at the role of the independent real estate valuer in examining the current distribution of the wavelengths that make up the continuum of real estate and capital markets. It examines the strands that make up this spectrum and offers suggestions for strengthening these individual strands and thereby amplifying the whole. Independent, ethical, and informed real estate valuers must analyze the full spectrum of real estate risks to protect the assets of a global public and help ensure an equitable sharing of economic power in the future. Spectrum Analyzers “Common spectrum analyzer measurements include frequency, power...
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...countries, and has used event study method to focus on earnings announcements and share prices of all 29 real estate companies listed in Shanghai A-share market from 31 July 2012 to 30 Jun 2013. The event date was selected on the day when earnings for the year 2012 were announced. The method for calculating normal performance of shares was market model. The result of study showed that there was no significant reaction of share prices to earnings announcement containing good news in event window during [-30, -1] and [-1, +1], except 6 days before announcement day, 1 day before announcement day, and there was a significant reaction of share prices of real estate sector in Shanghai A-share market to earnings announcements containing good news in event window during [+1, +30]. For earnings announcements containing bad news, according to event study, we found no significant reaction of share prices of real estate sector in Shanghai A-share market in the event window between [-30, -1], [-1, +1] and [+1, +30], except 18 days and 7 days before earnings announcement day, 9 days, 21 days and 30 days after earnings announcement day. And we reached the conclusion that the real estate sector in Shanghai A-share does not conform to semi-strong form market efficiency. Key words: earnings announcement, share price, efficient market hypothesis, event studies, Chinese real estate market 1 Directory Directory ..........................................................................
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...corporation that will provide rental services to customers in its targeted market. The Company was founded by John Doe. 1.1 Products and Services The primary revenue center for the business is acquiring apartment complex properties with the intent to rent the properties to the general public. The business will generate profits from both the ongoing rental income paid to Apartment Complex, Inc. while generating capital appreciation from the long term holding of these properties. Now that that the real estate market has hit come to its bottom, Management expects that the market will have a future growth rate of 5% to 6% per year. The third section of the business plan will further document the residential rental services offered by the business. 1.2 The Financing Mr. Doe is seeking to raise $1,000,000 from an investor. The terms, dividend payouts, and aspects of the deal are to be determined at negotiation. This business plan assumes that an investor will receive 50% of the Company’s stock, a regular stream of dividends, and a seat on the board of directors. The financing will be used for the following: • Financing to acquire the initial Apartment Complex property. • Financing for the first six months of operation. • Capital to purchase a company vehicle. Mr. Doe will contribute $10,000 to the venture. 1.3 Mission Statement Mr. Doe’s mission is to develop Apartment Complex, Inc. into a premier regional real estate investment firm that will acquire apartment complexes and rent properties...
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...private equity real estate firms, following the twisted iron wreckage of the global financial crisis of 2008, now has some shape and stability to it. Unlike last year when there were no fewer than 14 new entrants to the ranking, this time around we see just two firms making their premiere - Greystar Real Estate Partners and Almanac Realty Investors. This can be explained by the fact that the major banking franchises that used to rank so highly in this list have exited and been replaced by groups that have had the time to raise at least two significant funds since 2010 as the shakedown by investors has left the healthy apples on the trees, while the sickly have fallen. Of course, there has been no change at the very top of the chart. The Blackstone Group is out of sight having now raised more equity for opportunistic real estate investing than the GDP of 77 different countries. The only slight drama towards the top of the tree relates to second and third spot where Starwood Capital Group this year leapfrogged Lone Star Funds, having figured behind the Dallas-based firm the previous year. Starwood’s second position on the grid has a lot to do with raising its largest ever fund - Fund X. A counterintuitive finding, however, comes in the absolute dearth of true European private equity shops in the PERE 50. How can this be when Europe has been the hottest market for investing? This year, there is no Orion Capital Managers, no Tristan Capital, no Perella Weinberg...
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...A TERM PAPER ONReal Estate Financing | | A TERM PAPER ONReal Estate Financing | | Contents Real Estate Sector in India 2 Role of Government in Real Estate Financing 3 What is a REIT? 3 REIT in India 4 Impact of Government Measures on Real Estate Financing 5 Why would Real Estate Finance work in India 7 Affordable Housing: 7 Smart City Investment Opportunity: 8 Smaller Tier 2 and Tier 3 Cities Offering Immense Growth Potentials: 8 Tier 2 and tier 3 cities have been offering far more real estate projects leading to a pan India growth. Some of the biggest real estate companies are focusing on smaller centers offering investment opportunities galore. With real estate prices in the metropolitan cities getting stagnant to an extent, expect for projects located the new industrial corridors the smaller centers are offering a great opportunity for both investors and real estate manufacturing companies 8 Tax Exemption 8 Available Space 9 The South Asian country has top quality office space of about 350 million square feet across its six biggest cit0ies, according to Jones Lang LaSalle Inc. Of this, about 100 million square feet are potentially available for REIT listings, which could be valued at as much as $9 billion, the broker estimates.The combined debt of India’s six largest developers climbed to a record 394 billion rupees in the 12 months through March 31, more than double the 158.8 billion rupees in 2007, according to data compiled by...
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...petroleum industry capitals respectively, are the top real estate investment destinations, and account for as high as 65 percent of all activities in this asset class, a report by the National Bureau of Statistics has revealed. The report indicated that Lagos has the greatest amount of real estate activities at 37 percent, followed by Abuja with 22 percent and Port Harcourt (Rivers State) with 6 percent, all covering 65 percent of real estate activities in the country. The trio, often regarded as Nigeria’s traditional cities, have seen increased tempo of activity in real estate development and much of the investments that have gone into real estate in the country in the last decade were concentrated in these cities. Nigeria’s has a burgeoning real estate sector, which by the GDP rebasing exercise in the country in April 2014, was discovered to be the fastest growing and sixth largest sector in the Nigerian economy, explaining the rising level of investment in the sector by both local and foreign investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as “an investment in which a firm acquires a substantial controlling interest in a foreign firm (above 10 percent share) or sets up a subsidiary in a foreign country” (Chen, 2000). The International Monetary Fund adds “the investor’s purpose is to have an effective voice in the management of the enterprise”. FDI is not only a financial transaction between two foreign enterprises, in which one company invests in the capital of the other one...
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...words: Housing market, price, increase, decrease, the bubble in housing market Body: In 2010, from January to October, the investment of national real estate is 3.807 trillion Yuan with an increase of 36.5%, which is 105.1% of the annual investment, 3.623 trillion Yuan in 2009. In the first half of 2010, in the context of macroeconomic stabilization and recovery, the Central Government has issued a series of regulatory policies toward the housing price which increases too fast. The severity and enforcement of these control policies of the housing market are both higher than previously. The performance of the housing market 1. Consumers now are likely to wait and observe the housing market, which leads that the housing price in some cities has a small decline. There are many measures being taken by government to protect the public interest, so many people would like to wait and see how the housing market will develop. Most of them are not willing to accept the current expensive housing price, and they do not want to be entangled into the housing market after they finished their purchase with expensive cost. Therefore, the phenomenon has been speared out, and more and more people are waiting for the development of the housing market. The trades of housing market in some cities have decreased obviously. 2. The real estate is very popular as a means of investment. The domestic economy keeps increasing, at the same time the investment of the real estate becomes popular...
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...11.431/15.426J Real Estate Finance & Investments I: Fundamentals & Micro-Level Analysis Fall 2006 Introductory Lecture Slides (Selections from Chs.1, 2, 7 of text.) 1 Overview: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Magnitude of Real Estate Investment Performance of R.E. Investment The “Real Estate System” (role of capital mkts) The space market The asset market & investment industry Example real world R.E. development investment 2 Magnitude Figure 1a: Net Asset Value of U.S. Structures ($ billions, 2003, source BEA) Total = $ 23,747 Govt. R.E., $5,751 Houses, $11,917 Commercial R.E., $6,079 3 Magnitude Figure 1b: Net Asset Value of U.S. Commercial Real Estate Structures ($ billions, 2003, source BEA) Total = $ 6,079 Billion Institutional, $955 Hotel & Recreational, $554 Office, $1,131 Retail, $1,313 Residential (apts), $1,168 Industrial*, $958 4 Magnitude U.S. Institutional Commercial Real Estate Physical Stock: 44B SF U.S. Commercial R.E. Physical Space (SF) Capital Value: $3.3 Trillion U.S.Commercial R.E. Capital Value ($) Retail 25% Apartment 41% Retail 34% Apartment 25% Warehouse 9% Office 18% Warehouse 16% Office 32% Source: PPR, 2003 5 Asset Mkt Exhibit 1-5: Major Types of Capital Asset Markets and Investment Products Public Markets: Equity Assets: Stocks REITs Mutual funds Private Markets: Real Property Private firms Oil & Gas Partnerships Bank loans Whole Mortgages Venture Debt Debt Assets: ...
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...Alternative Investment Instruments Fin 460, Section - 2 Karishma Rahman - 1330090 Rumman Rahman - 1320142 A.S.M Asadul Haque - 1231001 Abdullah Al Masud - 1210380 Imtiaz Ahmed - 1220812 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Identification of Alternative Instruments 2 Art 2 History 2 Characteristics and details 3 Prospects in Bangladesh 5 Gold 6 History 6 Characteristics and details 7 Prospect in Bangladesh 9 Real Estate 10 History 10 Characteristics and details 11 Prospects in Bangladesh 13 Private Equity 14 History 15 Characteristics and details 15 Prospects in Bangladesh 17 Venture Capital 18 History 19 Characteristics and details 19 Prospects in Bangladesh 21 Conclusion 22 References 23 Introduction As volatile as the stock market can be, many investors have been looking into safer ways to invest their money. So, “alternative investments” have become increasingly popular. An alternative investment is any investment other than the three traditional asset classes: stocks, bonds and cash. These alternatives don’t take the place of those more traditional assets. Investors shouldn’t sell their stocks, cash out their savings accounts and put all their money in these less traditional options. Most financial experts agree that alternative investments are best when used to diversify financial portfolios. In other words, instead of putting all of the money in stocks put some in stocks, some in bonds and...
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...Real Estate Investment Trusts Financial markets transfer funds from those who have excess funds to those who need funds. A financial market is a market in which financial assets or securities such as stocks and bonds can be purchased or sold. Funds are usually transferred in financial markets when one party purchases financial assets previously held by another party. Financial markets facilitate the flow of funds and thereby allow financing and investing by households, firms, and government agencies. Real estate investment trusts or REITs is a good example of a financial market. What are REITs? According to investopedia, REITs are securities that sell like stocks on the major exchanges and invest in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages. REITs receive special tax considerations and typically offer investors high yields, as well as a highly liquid method of investing in real estate. REITs can also be defined as a real estate company or trust that has elected to qualify under a certain tax provision to become a pass-through entity that distributes to its shareholders substantially all of its taxable earnings in addition to any capital gains generated from the sale or disposition of its properties. Individuals have the possibility to invest in REITs either by purchasing their shares directly on an open exchange market or by investing in a mutual fund that specializes in public real estate. An additional benefit to investing in REITs is the fact...
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...Cadim: The China and India Real Estate Market Entry Decisions I. INTRODUCTION Cadim is a real estate division of Caisse de Depot et Placement du Quebec (Caisse), Canada’s largest pension fund management firm. Caisse is the largest institutional investor in Canada, overseeing more than $245 billion in assets and carrying out more than $12 billion in transactions daily. Cadim is one of Caisse’s three real estate divisions comprising around 6.23% of Caisses portfolio ($15.3 billion). Cadim focuses on residential and hotel markets, while the other two real estate arms focus primarily on shopping malls and business. Currently Richard Dansereau, Cadim’s Chief Operating Officer is in the process of deciding whether or not to move in to the India and China real estate markets. This case study will review the key issues, the general environment of India and China, Cadim SWOT, alternatives to moving into India and China and will conclude with our recommended course of action. II. KEY ISSUES Richard Dansereau, Cadim’s Chief Operating Officer has been tasked with making the final decision whether to enter real estate markets in India and China. Cadim has been forced to look toward external markets due to the average risk- adjusted return of real estate in their current markers, North America, averaging considerably below Cadim’s internal required return rate...
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...zju.edu.cn/jzus E-mail: jzus@zju.edu.cn The Q theory of investment, the capital asset pricing model, and asset valuation: a synthesis MCDONALD John F. (College of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA) E-mail: mcdonald@uic.edu Received Feb. 23, 2004; revision accepted Mar. 6, 2004 Abstract: The paper combines Tobin’s Q theory of real investment with the capital asset pricing model to produce a new and relatively simple procedure for the valuation of real assets using the income approach. Applications of the new method are provided. Key words: Investment theory, Asset pricing, Appraisal Document code: A CLC number: F832.48 INTRODUCTION This paper combines the economic theory of real investment and the standard financial model of asset pricing to produce a method for the valuation of real assets; and intentionally uses relatively simple versions of these two theories to link economics, finance, and appraisal. Numerical examples using data on real estate assets illustrate the valuation method. The Q theory of investment, introduced by James Tobin (1969), is popularly accepted theory of real investment hypothesized to be a positive function of Q, defined as the ratio of the market value to the replacement cost of capital. Standard presentation of the theory, such as that of Romer (1996), shows that Q is the value to the firm of an additional unit of capital, which is the discounted value of its future marginal revenue products. Extensions...
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...PERE’s ranking of the 30 largest private equity real estate firms in the world Methodology e PERE 30 measures equity raised between 1 January 2006 and mid-April 2011 for direct real estate investment through closed-ended, commingled real estate funds and co-investment vehicles that sit alongside those funds. e vehicles must give the GP discretion over the capital, meaning club funds, separate accounts and joint ventures are excluded from the ranking. Also excluded are funds with strategies other than value-added and opportunistic, such as core and core-plus, as well as those not focused on direct real estate, like fund of funds and debt funds, and funds where the primary strategy is not real estatefocused, such as general private equity. Change is in the air Consolidation, business exits and strategic shifts among general partners begin to manifest themselves in the 2011 ranking While the full e ect may not be completely evident yet, the main theme reverberating through this year’s PERE 30 ranking is change. Many of the rms that comprise the list are going through a transformation, whether it is acquiring competitors to achieve greater scale or gain access to a region, scaling back operations or exiting the business completely in the wake of the recent downturn and expected reforms or just adjusting strategy to take a new approach to investing and fundraising. Some of these changes already have a ected the standings, while others will take another year or two to have...
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...Introduction The report presents a case about AMB, which is a leading pension real estate advisory firm that has recently proposed to turn itself into a publicly traded Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) and is planning to persuade its client to contribute their real estate assets to create a new REIT. Furthermore, the report also includes considerations of Anne Shea, who is the Assistant Vice President at Curator’s Fund; which is considering exchanging her shares in the commingled fund for the shares in the REIT. Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) invests in and own properties by offering investors a highly liquid method of investing in high-density markets. Most REITs earn their revenue from property rent and leases. In order to boost real estate investments, REIT receives special tax consideration for investing in highly liquid market i.e. if more than 75% of their profits are generated through rents from real estate property and they distribute at least 90% of their current period profits as dividend to shareholders, then the trust will not be subjected to corporate tax. Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Real Estate The advantages of a REIT are as follows: a) Liquidity: Public REITs are more liquidate as compared to private REITs. Public REIT shareholders can easily exchange their shares in the stock exchange. b) Low sales commission: Brokers charge low sales commission on public REITs as compared to private REITs, which...
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