...The Logical Next Step: Reconciliation Payments for All Indian Residential School Survivors CANADIAN BAR ASSOCIATION February 2005 PREFACE The Canadian Bar Association is a national association representing 38,000 jurists, including lawyers, notaries, law teachers and students across Canada. The Association’s primary objectives include improvement in the law and in the administration of justice. This submission was prepared by the National Aboriginal Law and the National Alternative Dispute Resolution Sections of the Canadian Bar Association, with assistance from the Legislation and Law Reform Directorate at the National Office. The submission has been reviewed by the Legislation and Law Reform Committee and approved as a public statement of the Canadian Bar Association. The Logical Next Step: Reconciliation Payments for All Indian Residential School Survivors Executive Summary At its Annual Meeting in August 2004, the Canadian Bar Association adopted a resolution1 calling for the government to go beyond the existing Indian Residential Schools Dispute Resolution process to provide a base payment to all survivors of Indian Residential Schools. The CBA recognizes the tragic legacy of Indian Residential Schools and the failure of the current options of either litigatio n or the dispute resolution process to resolve the situation. The harms caused by Indian Residential Schools are still profoundly felt by the individual students who attended the schools, as well as...
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...The Residential school system in Canada was a system devoted to providing a disciplined based ideal that promoted the rejection of the aboriginal culture in favor of the then dominant white European population. The teaching strategies that were encouraged ranged from pulling children as young as six away from their parents to mental, physical and sexual abuse. The Residential schools were run by a variety of participating church organizations, which received funding from the Canadian government. The funding was based on a per aboriginal basis therefore it was in the best interests of the churches to enroll as many aboriginal students as possible. The schools were run in almost every province in Canada from 1860-1884 and claimed to be promoting religious and cultural assimilation. However, the cruelty that was experienced by many young aboriginals in the residential schools emphasizes the differences between the aboriginal societies and the European dominant society making complete assimilation impossible. The imposition of residential schools on First Nations children has led to significant loss of indigenous languages, and this language loss has led to further cultural losses for traditional First Nations cultures in Canada. The earliest known date opening of a Residential school was in 1840, located in Manitowaning, Ontario. The school was the Wikemikong Indian Residential School, it closed in 1879. The last Residential school to close was La Tuque Indian...
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...The government's inability to address the issue of reconciliation is one, crucial factor that will cause the general public to consider it not a main issue. If we make sure that reconciliation is a main issue, this will cause for the public to care about reconciliation and then, in turn, our elected representatives, who are there to represent us in the House of Commons, will see that their constituents do see reconciliation as an issue. This view will cause for them to call for bills and other movements to solve aboriginal issues. This why we need institutions like our federal and provincial governments to institute federal and provincial grants so that commissions like the TRC and academic institutes like the University of Manitoba and the University of Winnipeg, can create its own programs that can support classes like this one. Even though ever since Columbus sailed the seas and found the Americas in 1492, and we have been treating our aboriginal people like nonhuman as seen...
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...Canadians who are not indigenous are not aware of the system of residential schools. The media, instead of educating the masses, perpetuate the same stereotypes against the Indians, which informed institutional racism in the first place. To average person is not aware of the devastating impact of colonialism on first nations. Reconciliation is attainable only with some degree of restorative justice. First nations need some form of compensation from the federal government for its policies of injustice and racism. However, the commission is yet to discuss the issue of restorative justice. Instead of exploring ways of compensating the affected for the abuse they went through the residential schools, the commission is recreating what was happening, and this further traumatizes the victims and subjects them to mockery by their tormentors. The impact of the colonization and cultural genocide against the aboriginal people is evident in the form of higher levels of employment, homelessness, poverty on the reserves, and other social ills. The most important work of the commission...
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...2013 INVESTOR HANDOUT KEY MESSAGES We have global, category-leading brands with high emotional content that generate substantial income and cash flow Our overriding focus is on the substantial growth opportunity in North America We believe there is substantial opportunity for international growth and expect it to be accretive to the total company operating margin We are targeting 10% annual operating income $ growth (or better) and an operating income rate in the high-teens We continue to emphasize maintaining a strong cash and liquidity position while optimizing our cost of capital We will continue to manage inventory, expenses and capital with discipline We remain committed to returning excess cash and generating superior returns for shareholders 2 SUPERIOR RETURNS TO SHAREHOLDERS 3-year Total Return 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Fast Retailing TJX Home Depot L Brands Foot Locker Inditex Gap Giordano Ascena Retail Group Buckle Chico's Ralph Lauren Bed Bath & Beyond Wal-Mart Stores Walgreen Co. Tiffany & Co. H&M Ann Inc. Best Buy American Eagle Children's Place Target Coach bebe Staples Abercrombie & Fitch Esprit Holdings Li & Fung Aeropostale S&P 500 S&P Retail Index 51.7 43.7 35.9 35.5 31.4 30.9 23.7 20.7 19.6 19.4 18.8 17.9 17.9 16.3 16.3 16.1 14.7 12.2 8.9 6.0 4.5 4.2 2.4 0.1 (8.7) (15.8) (21.1) (21.7) (28.1) 15.8 24.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28...
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...Aboriginal Spirituality ORIGINS Key Terms Aboriginal: Of native ancestry, inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times and before colonists. Animism: The attribution of a living soul to plants, animals, inanimate objects and natural phenomena. Elder: A person (male or female) venerated for age and wisdom. Faith keeper: Member of a nation selected to maintain the traditional ceremonies and rituals. First Nations: An aboriginal band, or a community functioning as a band, but not having band status. Does NOT include Inuit or Métis. Genesis: The origin, the beginnings, the formation of something. Indigenous: Originating naturally in a region, belonging naturally to an environment (of people) born in a region. longhouse: Iroquois home, cigar-shaped, about fifty metres long and ten metres wide, a dwelling shared by several families. Longhouse: The religion of the Iroquois. Monotheism: The belief in one God. Polytheism: The belief in or worship of more than one God. Oracy: The ability to express oneself fluently in speech and to understand a spoken language. Powwow: A gathering of Aboriginal people with ritual dances, drumming and chanting. Reincarnation: The belief in the rebirth of a soul in a new body or form Sachems: The supreme chief of a clan. Shaman: Medicine man or spiritual leader. Smudging ceremony: A purification ritual that includes the burning of sweet grass and drawing smoke ritually over body. Tipi: Cone shaped tent and dwelling found in...
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...Aboriginal Issues Essay As I read the articles about the aboriginal people what stood out to me and impressed me the most was the over representation of Aboriginal people in our Canadian prison system. A shocking statistic that I read was that 2.8% of the Canadian population is Aboriginal but they account for 18% of our federal prison inmates. Aboriginal people have been faced with so many historic inequities such as being forced to move to reserves with almost none of the basic infrastructures needed to run a functioning society. Having their children taken from their families and put in abusive residential schools, being forced to learn and live by a foreign culture and beliefs as well as being faced with racial discrimination and having their rights ignored. Due to the history of injustice and discrimination aboriginal people have experienced higher unemployment rates and lower incomes leading to lives of poverty, substance abuse, and family violence. I think that the residential schools play a big role in the problems some of the Aboriginal people faced because when they took young children who had learned only a small amount of their families cultures and tried to teach them western cultures and beliefs. As well some of the children were sexually traumatized and beaten, which likely caused a lot of confusion and difficulties growing up. In my opinion because of all the injustice in the past there is a huge lack of trust that the aboriginal people have with the Canadian...
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...The residential schools of Canada can be dated back to the 1870s. Before 1996, when the last of 170 schools were closed, an estimated 150,000 indigenous youth were forced to attend. In an attempt to blend indigenous youth into Canadian society, both the Canadian government and Christian churches believed educating and converting the youth would achieve their goal of integrating them into Canadian society (Miller, 2014). The infliction of economic self sufficiency and religious conversion caused the loss of languages which further resulted in the loss of culture among traditional indigenous peoples. The death of a language is more complex than simply a loss of communication, it is a loss of knowledge. "The wisdom of humanity is summarized in...
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...to comment on whether one method is better than the other, as well as whether any part of R&D should be capitalized. Case 2 (prepared by Peter Secord, Saint Mary’s University) In this real life case, students are asked to discuss the merits of historical costs vs. replacement costs. Actual note disclosure from a company’s financial statements is provided as background material. Case 3 (adapted from a case prepared by Peter Secord, Saint Mary’s University) A Canadian company prepares two sets of financial statement: one based on Canadian GAAP, and the other on U.S. GAAP. The reasons for some of the differences in numbers are investigated. Case 4 This case is based on Homburg Invest Inc.’s 2006 financial statements. A reconciliation of differences between two sets of financial statements is required along with a brief note explaining why differences exist. Case 5 This case is adapted from a CICA case. It provides details regarding a company`s activities as well as financial details that were revealed as part of planning and interim work performed in the context of an audit of the financial statements. It places the student in the role of CA, reporting to the audit partner, and asks for a memo on the results of the interim audit work as well as any issues that should be raised in an upcoming meeting between the partner and the client. PROBLEMS Problem 1 (40 min.) A single asset is acquired, and students are asked to prepare and compare financial statement...
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...In general, "media" refers to various means of communication. Media refers to communication devices, which can be used to communicate and interact among two or more people. Nowadays, the most commonly used media are Newspaper, Television, Radio, and Internet. Be it the pictorial messages of the early ages, or the high-technology media that are available today, one thing that we all agree upon, is that mass media are an important part of our lives. Entertainment and media always go hand in hand, but in addition to the entertainment, mass media also remain to be an effective medium for communication, exchange of information, advertising, marketing, and in general, for expressing and sharing views, opinions, and ideas. Mass media is a double-edged sword which means that there are positive as well as negative influences of media. Advantages : The common man gets the latest news within a fraction of seconds. The distance is not at all a barrier now. The news they get through media help them in their daily life a lot. We get the latest news in our home due to the television set. We can bring out the hidden talent, we can get public opinion about certain events, current issues. Television is quite popular because people can get easy overview from news. Television also entertains and educates people. Children’s knowledge increases by watching geographical channel, quiz programs and speeches by famous personalities of different fields. Radio has its own advantages...
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...insightful regarding my country around me. In a way my emotions throughout the course are very helpful to gaining new knowledge. At first I found myself in the denial stage of all these “supposed” wrongs with Canada and Indigenous peoples, but quickly moved into the realization stage of what happened in Canada. Finally the third stage of acceptance and moving forward to discover new insights and learnings on how to move this country as a whole. Personally I believe the most important insight I have taken from this course is the idea of white privilege in Canada and how, one the white people of Canada are given a headstart and two how the Government of Canada is extremely driven on a white privilege system. Which is a major problem considering Canada’s claim for being one of the most diverse Countries in the world. Navigating struggles with course content for the most part was easy after the first couple classes, mainly getting through the denial stage and learning to accept the history. It is always a...
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...Struggle of Aboriginals in Canada “We owe the aboriginal peoples a debt that is four centuries old. It is their turn to become full partners in developing an even greater Canada. And the reconciliation required may be less a matter of legal texts than of attitudes of the heart.” - Roméo LeBlanc Aboriginal people are called the people from “First Nations” in Canada who have rich historical, cultural and spiritual traditions. However, many of these traditions were altered or even taken away upon the arrival of British and French settlers in Canada. Since then, forcing colonial culture and values on Aboriginal societies, the dispossession of Aboriginal lands and the seclusion of Aboriginals from modern amenities created a sequence of social, physical and spiritual devastation of their culture. Effect of these is quite noticeable even today. This is mainly because the Federal Government is not taking enough responsibility for providing proper support to Aboriginals with growing problems in the reserves. The Government of Canada recognizes the inherent right of self-government as an existing Aboriginal right under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (AANDC). It recognizes that the inherent right may find expression in treaties, and in the context of the Crown's relationship with treaty First Nations. Recognition of the inherent right is based on the view that the Aboriginal peoples of Canada have the right to govern themselves in relation to matters that...
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...COVER LETTER Dear Sir/Madam, I have Over 6 years of experience in group financial accounting & Financial Management in varied industry area including month end and year end consolidated reports, balance sheet reconciliation, fixed asset maintenance, budgeting and forecasting, GST/BAS and payroll tax, cash flow reporting and variance analysis. As my resume highlights, I have expertise in range of accounting areas, including the following: * Reconciliation and expense reporting * Budget creation, cost analysis, and forecasting * Vendor relations * Accounts payable and accounts receivable * Financial statements and preparation * Business accounting process improvements * Month-end analysis and reconciliation * Non-profit accounting principles * Microsoft office and leading financial software * Reporting and documentation * General ledger audits and entries My key job responsibilities in my present capacity as senior accountant include, among others, the following: * Prepare and submit annual budget. * Audit expenses & adjust for allowable reimbursements. * Management of grant accounting activities; monitoring and submitting detailed reports of financial activities to grant donors; keeping a track of incoming funds and preparing monthly income statements vs. outgoing expenses spreadsheets. * Evaluate effectiveness of business processes and give recommendations for improvement...
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...ENABLING FORGIVENESS AND RECONCILIATION IN FAMILY THERAPY Interpersonal conflicts are almost inevitable within families. The closeness and intensity of family relationships along with differences among family members in knowledge, desires, values, abilities, etc., account for much of this turmoil. Family members are often deeply hurt in the course of their conflicts and sometimes there is a significant breach of trust, Occasionally a family member will consider a certain offence unforgivable and will not seek reconciliation. Usually, however, family members try to recover a sense of personal and relationship wellbeing by endeavoring to forgive and reconcile. This can be a long and arduous process. Therapists are often consulted to facilitate such healing. My purpose in writing this paper is to share my understanding of some of the complexities involved. The perspective that I adopt is a social constructionist or ‘bringforthist’ stance. I assume that through caring conversation, it. is possible to bring forth preferred ways of thinking and interacting that can lead to forgiveness and reconciliation. MUTUAL HURTS The duration and effects of any particular conflict between family members depends on how differences are managed in the nuances of ongoing family interaction: Conflicts vary from brief disagreements that are hardly noticeable, to extremely destructive emotional and physical battles that last for years. During any major episode of conflict, all parties involved tend...
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...The purpose of this literature review is to narrow my research as it relates to the overall health and well-being of Stó:lō communities, with intent to contribute to the literature and discourses around the importance of integrating Stó:lō Medicine and decolonization into the framework of Aboriginal Healthcare Policy as a means of preventative healthcare. Aboriginal health policy in Canada is a constantly evolving, diversifying and adapting to the needs of Aboriginal People. Additionally, the growth of the country has pushed policy to become more integrated with traditional Indigenous Medicines, and more understanding of the benefits of returning to traditional practices. Although there have been significant contributions to improving the relationship...
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