...political orientation would be very useful. For this reason a great deal of research into the relationship between moral foundation and political orientation has been done in recent years. For this study political orientation is measured using a 7-point scale from liberal to conservative. Liberal being characterised by an emphasis on social and political liberty, holding ideals of equity, individualism, liberty and rationalism (Ballamy, 2015, pp.26-31). Conservative is characterised by an emphasis on traditional class systems and government control (Sigmund, 2015, pp. 689-691). For this study moral foundation is measured by a scale from the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ)(Graham Et Al, 2011). This is derived from Haidt and Joseph’s Moral foundations theory (MFT) (2004). Although the original theory has 4 foundations, the MFQ revolves of five different categories. Them being Harm / Care, Fairness / Reciprocity, Ingroup / Loyalty, Authority / Respect, and Purity / Sanctity (Graham Et Al, 2011). Previous research in this area has shown that their, in the US at least, is an association between the moral foundations and political orientation. Graham, Haidt and Nosek(2009) found that people who report a strongly liberal political identity, place Harm / Care and Fairness / Reciprocity at a much higher relevance to making moral decision, where as those who claim a strongly conservative political identity valued...
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...Explain the main impacts of any two electoral systems other than First Past the Post (10 marks) Proportional systems such as closed party list are distinctly more in favour of smaller parties than most other systems. This is attributed to the fact that the percentage of votes cast in favour of a party directly corresponds to the percentage of seats they gain; this leads to an exceptionally more accurate result than majoritarian systems. Because of this, parties which are marginalised in a majoritarian or plurality system are not discounted from seats if they fail to win a constituency vote. As such, under a proportional system, in 2010 parties other than the Lib Dems, Tories, and Labour would have over double the seats they did; 77 compared to the actual 35. This highly representational form of election would lead to the proliferation of numerous smaller, perhaps more radical parties, promoting a multi-party norm; many of these parties may well be more akin to pressure groups in their narrow issue focus, though now they would have legislative power. As such, it would likely be very difficult for any party to gain an absolute majority in parliament as the makeup of the parliament would be exceptionally diverse. In Germany for instance, there have only ever been 2 majority governments in the Bundestag; the rest have all been coalitions. This has led many to state that a proportional system will usually lead to a coalition government. The potential for intense political diversity...
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...Hong Kong Liberal Party Party Manifesto 1. Our vision and mission Freedom is of paramount importance to our citizens, our communities and to Hong Kong. We, the Liberal Party, strongly believe that freedom is the core value that we should safeguard and preserve to make Hong Kong a more prosperous and thriving international metropolitan. Without freedom, Hong Kong would not be the freest economy in the global arena for many years. Without freedom, Hong Kong citizens and other mass media would not have a channel to convey their ideas and opinions openly. Without freedom, there would not be Liberal Party. Pursuit of freedom has never been an easy task, therefore since our establishment, we have been endeavored to pursue freedom wholeheartedly. We believe that only by preserving this value ceaselessly can Hong Kong maintain her prosperity and stability. Pursuit of freedom is by no means our exclusive mission. In order to make Hong Kong a better place to live in, we also place great emphasis in upholding some irreplaceable values such as equality in opportunity, cultural diversity, justice, love and care. The Liberal Party is committed to attain all these goals by an unshakable spirit, which is to serve the Hong Kong citizens at all cost. The Liberal Party will inherit the proud history and continue to serve Hong Kong with our sincere attitude. We will actively listen to different opinions and voices, and grasp every opportunity to improve ourselves to a higher level...
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...about the Liberal Welfare Reforms and if the people of England welcomed it or not and then I will be explaining why they did or they didn’t welcome it. The sources such as source A, B and D back up the statement that the Liberal Welfare Reforms were welcomed. Source A backs the statement up because there is a old man that has retired getting the mick taking out of him by a rich man called Lord Halsbury about his pension because its small but the old man likes the pension because even though its small it’s enough to keep him out of poverty. Source B backs the statement up because Flora Thompson who lived in a small village at the time and weren’t rich at all says about how the life of the poor people was transformed for good and they didn’t have to worry about being ill or retiring because they will still receive money to stay out of poverty and by the pensions being introduced they were rich. Also she goes on about the first time she and the people in the village had tears of joys coming down there face. Source D backs the statement up because when Lloyd George was arriving at the Liberal Party event in 1910 he was flooded by happy people going to see him to thank him for the all the acts he’s introduced to help the working class people of England. But sources C, F and H do not back up the statement. Source C opposes the statement because its saying the Labour party put pressure on the Liberia’s by making them afraid that that they would lose their reputation as the party that wanted...
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...PLP, the party that brought forth Majority Rule, the party that set the people free from the clutches of the UBP. The official date of the establishing of the Progressive Liberal Party is NOVEMBER 23, 1953 . Months of arrangement by the originators and a little band of supporters at last prompted the foundation of the primary political gathering ever. There have been numerous distributed forms of the occasions paving the way to the conception of the PLP. Few, notwithstanding, gave an exact record of the actualities as they are known by the originators of the gathering. Here are the actualities: William W. Cartwright and Cyril St. John Stevenson went to England in June of 1953 apparently to "cover" the crowning ordinance of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for "The Bahamian Review", yet with a firm determination to look for backing and help from authorities of the Labor Party and Fabian Society for the foundation of a political gathering in The Bahamas. The slate of officers named at the origin of the gathering was chosen by the tradition for one year. As the PLP developed in enrollment and stature it pulled in various conspicuous Bahamians to its authority. This authentic portrayal of the beginning of the PLP would not be finished if derivation was not made to the extraordinary commitment by the ladies' branches of the Party. Unheralded and terminated with mettle and commitment past the obligation at hand, these devoted souls worked continuously in the reason for the Party. They were...
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...Posted in Feature Articles | 0 comments All eyes are now on Noynoy Aquino. After an intense campaign period, the first fully-automated elections, and his celebrated proclamation, we look back at his trail of promises. Population and Environment Aim: Encourage sustainable use of resources; plan alternative and inclusive urban development where people of varying income levels are integrated in productive, healthy and safe communities. Noynoy will promote ecotourism by mobilizing grassroots communities into environmental preservation efforts and sustainable tourism programs. He will also establish a national sanitation program that will provide access to sanitary toilets, thereby protecting bodies of water from domestic waste contamination. Government Resources and Population Dynamics Aim: Uphold clean governance by enforcing transparency and accountability in government allocation and spending. Establish a truly impartial system of institutions that deliver equal justice to rich or poor. Noynoy caused quite a stir when he assured Filipinos that he would not impose new taxes or increase current tax rates. He will augment the deficiency in the national budget through efficient tax collection and implementing higher customs duties. Noynoy is optimistic that the whopping $6 billion that gets squandered yearly in corrupt dealings will be used to increase the ranks of the middle class through micro financing and to revitalize the economy. He supports the Freedom of Information...
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...ISSUES REGARDING THE NOYNOY AQUINO ADMINISTRATION There are a lot of issues faced by our dear President Benigno Aquino III or simply known as PNoy. 1. Qualification on the Position First, let's admit the fact that he wasn't voted into office because of actual qualifications. He was a lackluster lawmaker in congress and didn't exactly make impressions in terms of his career. He coasted along until his mother died. Suddenly everybody thought it would be a good idea to vote him into office as president. It was what is expected of the son of the late Benigno and Cory Aquino, both great former presidents of the Philippines. He lacks charisma or even basic public speaking abilities. The media has a lot of bad comments especially when he speaks with the press. He commits a lot of stupid pronouncements and sometimes what he says is beyond comprehension. He should get himself a media coach to train him in handling himself around the press and the whole country. 2. Hacienda Luisita With the ascent of President Benigno Aquino III to the presidency, the future of Hacienda Luisita has become a focus of attention. This issue was supposed to be settled decades ago. But the Hacienda Luisita management failed to do their part on the agreement. Even though the agreement to settle the decades-old clash is included on the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), the present machinations of the management is seen as deceptive as they only opt to give more than 1,000 hectares of...
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...It has always been a practice that teachers all over the country task their students to write an essay or reaction paper about the SONA 2013 SONA 2013 Reaction Paper Guide PNoy had already delivered his SONA yesterday at Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City. This is his fourth SONA, which means he only has three more years before stepping out of the office. To help you formulate a great President Noynoy Aquino SONA 2013 Reaction Paper, we have prepared a guide for you to be able to write on your own. Also, we have a SONA 2013 Reaction Paper Sample to be uploaded in a few. Please just follow the instructions below. Don't copy and paste. Include your own thoughts and reactions about his platforms and achievements. Make an in-depth analysis of how you feel PNoy administration fared for the past year. PNoy SONA 2013 Reaction Paper Guide Teachers have different styles and approach when it comes to writing a reaction paper. However, it is mainly divided into three parts. Summary. Give a brief background about the topic at hand. You can include some details about the SONA, information on its schedule, location and the simple facts about PNoy's term. You can also include the main theme that PNoy focused on in his speech. Analysis. Scrutinize the entire speech. Find the strong and weak points. Find the parts you agreed with and the ones you feel doesn't make any sense. Make little comments about the reaction of the crowd and how you perceived it, if it is different...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY This chapter includes five parts namely; (1) Background of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem, (3) Significance of the Study, (4) Definition of Terms, and (5) Scope and Delimitation of the Study. Part One, Background of the Study, justifies the needs for the investigation, and discusses the importance of selecting the problem. Part Two, Statement of the Problem, state clear and sharply defined statement relating to the actual problems of the study. Part Three, Significance of the Study, specifies the benefits that maybe derived from the findings. Part Four, Definition of Terms, presents the definition of important terms, conceptually and operationally used in the study. Part Five, Scope and Delimitation of the Study, sets the limits and scope of the study. Background of the Study Libraries had been the main source of all sorts of information since the day when books were made. It can be accessed by everyone who uses books, magazines and other archives for research and recreation purposes. Today, libraries are seldom frequented by students due to the emergence of the so called internet. The internet caters to the various needs of students from books, research papers and articles that would provide them information to online games, social networking sites and chatrooms where they can find friends and interact with other online users. There is more than 150 billion...
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...Marissa N. Mahigab Joana May B. Apolonio BEE 3-2 Mamasapano probe will prove Pnoy didn’t do anything to save SAF men, says Enrile Minority Leader Juan Ponce Enrile on Monday vowed that he will prove that President Benigno Aquino III not only was “actively and directly” involved in the planning and preparation of the Mamasapano operation, but that the chief executive did not do anything to save the 44 members of the Philippine National Police-Special Action Force who were killed during the incident. The veteran senator made the pronouncement on Monday with little more than a week before the resumption of the Senate investigation into the incident, which Enrile pushed the Committee on Public order to reopen. “So that there will be no more questions whether we should reopen the probe or not, I would like to make manifestation that I have evidence that the President, Benigno Aquino III actively and directly involved himself in the planning and preparation of Oplan Exodus,” said Enrile as committee chairman Senator Grace Poe sought clarification on the Senate Rules Committee decision to reopen the probe. Enrile said that on the day of actual preparation, the president was monitoring the operations while going to Zamboanga City. “While the operation is going on the SAF units were being slaughtered, he did not do anything at all to save them. I’m going to prove this with evidence in the hearing, “said Enrile. When sought for comment, Communication Secretary Herminio Coloma...
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...1. AGGRARIAN LAND REFORM PROGRAM ( Roxas - Aquino ) 2. Aggrarian Reform Historyq Manuel Roxasq Elpidio Quirinoq Ramon Magsaysayq Carlos P. Garciaq Diosdasdo Macapagalq Ferdinand E. Marcosq Corazon C. Aquino 3. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)What happened to the estates took over by the HUKBALAHAP during the Japanese occupation?•These estates were confiscated and returned toits owners. Because of this, some of the farmer-tenants preferred to join the HUK movement ratherthan go back and serve their landlords under thesame conditions prior to World War II. 4. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)What were the key accomplishments during the Roxas administration?•Republic Act No. 34 was enacted to establish a70-30 sharing arrangement between tenant andlandlord. The 70% of the harvest will go to theperson who shouldered the expenses for planting,harvesting and for the work animals.•It also reduced the interest of landowners’ loansto tenants at not more than 6%. 5. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)• President Roxas also negotiated for the purchase of 8,000 hectares of lands in Batangas owned by the Ayala-Zobel family. These were sold to landless farmers. 6. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953) What was the major program of the Quirino administration regarding agrarian reform?•Through Executive Order No. 355, the LandSettlement Development Corporation(LASEDECO) was established to accelerate andexpand the peasant resettlement A ii ii Bureau ofAgrarian Reform Information and Educationprogram of the government. However...
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...Different issues and stories came up from the beginning of the campaign period up to the Election Day and even the election aftermath. There were ten presidential candidates and the top candidates were Noynoy Aquino, Manny Villar, Gilbert Teodoro, Joseph Estrada and Dick Gordon. Aquino was the product of people’s demand and the initiative of Mar Roxas to give way and step down. The people anticipated him like his parents who were advocates of democracy and perpetuators of truth, peace and order. When the late president Corazon Aquino died, many pursued and convinced him to follow his parents’ footsteps and run for president. They say he has this “Cory Magic” during the election period. Manny Villar was the standard bearer of the Nacionalista Party. There were many questions about his wealth and excessive television advertisements and also, the controversy in the alleged favoured contract of the C5 extension. It was said other lawmakers who investigated that he (Manny Villar) manipulated the contract to make his land part of the land conversion. There were also issues that he was the real standard bearer of the administration and not Gilbert Teodoro....
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...separate statements it is perhaps rather prudent to look at a little bit of background as it could be argued that Lloyd George was already perfectly positioned to fall even before the 1918 election. It is important to keep in mind that Lloyd George was in a rather unique position of ‘a Prime Minister without a party’ due to the split of his own Liberal Party in 1916. This being the case, Lloyd George was always in a precarious position that could, in theory, be taken away in an instant should the Conservatives decide to do so. Should one subscribe to this idea then the former statement is made redundant immediately which inevitably makes the latter the more convincing case. However if one does not subscribe to such a belief then the situation becomes rather more complex. The Conservatives had not been in government on their own since 1905 and there was a severe lack of confidence in the party, even if they would have had a majority by proxy had they fought the election on their own (the Liberal party split had caused too much damage to the party and Labour wasn’t big enough to present a realistic threat). The general feeling had been summed up in 1918 by Arthur Balfour: “Our party, on the old lines, will never have any future again in this country”. Lloyd George could bring something new to the Conservatives. Nevertheless Lloyd George, it may be argued, was merely a ‘convenience’ for the Conservatives, who could pull the strings and have an easy scapegoat if and when things went wrong...
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...Liberals • The Liberal Party of Canada is the longest-running political party in the country, and the most historically successful. • They’ve held power for such long periods of Canadian history. • Originally the party of disenfranchised French-Canadians and Catholics in the early colonial period, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Liberals evolved into a more generic, centrist party favoring traditional British liberal values of free markets and personal responsibility, as well as tolerant relations between French and English Canadians. Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1841-1919), who championed all of the above to become the most successful and long-reigning of Canada’s early Liberal prime ministers, remains the iconic figure of commonsense, moderate Canadian liberalism of this period. • Liberal Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (1919-2000), ran the country from 1968 to 1984, and remains a sort of “founding father” figure of modern Canadian liberalism. • Trudeau believed that a larger, more activist Canadian government could help alleviate the country’s social and economic ills, and create a more compassionate and egalitarian “Just Society” in the process. • Liberal Prime Minister Jean Chretien (b. 1934) and his finance minister, Paul Martin (b. 1938), ran the country from 1993 to 2006, and are credited with helping move the Liberal Party to the centre by championing balanced budgets and low taxes. • Today, the Liberal Party portrays itself as a party that is fiscally...
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...bounce in his step. The former Liberal leader – who was basically ousted by the Ignatieff team in late 2008 after losing that election (but not nearly as badly as his successor lost on May 2) – is asking questions in the House of Commons and participating in debates. He even attended the NDP convention in Vancouver as an observer. More related to this story * Video: Bob Rae begins rebuilding Liberals as interim leader * Federal Liberals won’t pick new leader for full two years * Why do Liberals support Canada Post? In addition, he intervened at the beginning of the party’s so-called extraordinary convention Saturday to call for the selection of a permanent leader to be delayed for two years to give the party time to rebuild. His view won the day as Liberals decided to postpone the decision until no later than June, 2013. Mr. Dion told The Globe and Mail on Monday that when Mr. Ignatieff was leader, the media was only interested in speaking to him to find “a contradiction with Mr. Ignatieff.” When he realized that, he felt it was better “to express my views privately.” He said the only time he intervened in the Commons over the past two years was when he felt that none of his colleagues were going to jump in on an issue. Otherwise, he kept quiet – although he attended votes, debates and Question Period. That gave him a lot of time to work in his riding. For that, he now says “thank God,” given he was one of only seven Liberal MPs who returned to the Commons...
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