...2.2.1 The relationship between Family flexibility and Work-life balance According to (Kenny 2002) is Work-life balance and Family flexibility seeks to find out what difference is there between work and life, so that you can feel comfortable with work and family responsibilities. Sometimes for the life of public and private professionals are 'balance among these three factors which are: paid work, unpaid work and personal time. By definition there is no term that is accepted and contributed to a Work-life balance is a repetition the word regularly mentions to one of the subsequent components: organizational support reliant on care, supple work choices and family or personal. For family boundary is great permeable if the worker receives...
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...Orientation 15 2.3.3 Job Type 16 2.3.4 Work Time Commitment 17 3.0 Research Methodology 18 3.1 Research Design 18 3.1.1 Types of Study 18 3.1.2 Sources of Data 19 3.2 Measurement 20 3.3 Data Collection Procedures 21 3.3.1 Data Collection and Administration 21 3.4 Data Analysis Techniques 22 4.0 References 24 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the Study Nowadays, balancing work, housework, and childcare responsibilities can become strenuous which can result in work- family conflict. There are many studies that focus on the relationship between work-life and personal life, as well as the impact of one on another. People continuously get in touch with friends, relatives, organizations and colleagues in their life routine. They have different roles according to their positions in society and it is possible that they live role conflict once in a while. Furthermore, one of the most important problems in business life is work-family conflict in the modern world. While problems such as bad relations with superiors in the workplace deeply affect family relations, family problems such as divorce also reduce the performance of the staff (Ozdevecioglu and Doruk, 2009). It is evident that an employee's work life affects and is affected by his family life, whether negatively or positively. While inflexible and extensive hours, work overload, and job stress lead to stress in family life, child care and intensive involvement with family activities limit one's career aspirations...
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...Relationship between Personal Life Commitment and Work Performance Among Employees at PT. Saipem Indonesia,Tanjung Balai Karimun, Indonesia. Najatussa’adah Faculty of Management Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Author Note Najatussa’adah, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Corresponding concerning this paper should be addressed to Najatussa’adah, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. E-mail: najatussaadah@gmail.com Abstract The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between personal life commitment and work performance among employees at PT Saipem Indonesia Karimun Branch, Tanjung Balai Karimun, Indonesia. Furthermore, this study also identified the level of personal life commitment and work performance. A total of 73 employees of PT Saipem were selected randomly from various positions and departments. The data collected was analyzed using the descriptive analysis such as mean and percentage to identify the level of personal life commitment and work performance. Pearson correlation technique was applied to determine the relationship between personal life commitment and work performance. The result of the study showed that the employees’ level of personal life commitment is moderate while the level of work performance is high. The result also suggested statistically there was a significant positive relationship between personal life commitment and work performance...
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...Psychological Capital on Work-Family Conflict and Its Outcomes Amna Binte Shehzad Malik Ahmed Bin Shehzad Malik Kaniz Fatima and Asbah Shujaat University of Central Punjab Author Note Research Article written by students of BBA at Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, for the completion of Research Methodology course under the instruction of Inam-ul-haq, Assistant Professor at University of Central Punjab Any correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Ahmed Bin Shehzad Malik. Email: ahmed.shehzad5@gmail.com INTRODUCTION The success of any organization is highly dependent on how its employees work and perform tasks (Lambert, 1990). For quite some time, employees have been facing difficulties in the form of work-family conflict because they are unable to fulfill the roles of their work life and family life properly. Work-family conflict affects the productivity of an employee which, consequently, has impact on the outcomes for the organization. The recent explosion of interest in the work-family interface has given rise to a number of concepts that try to explain these two major fields of life in terms of work-family balance, accommodation, compensation, spillover, work-family enrichment and work-family integration etc. (Barnett, 1998; Edwards & Rothbard, 2000; Friedman & Greenhaus, 2000; Greenhaus &Beutell, 1985; Lambert, 1990). One term commonly used and cited in these research works is work-family conflict. The relationship...
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...[pic] Work-life balance, employee engagement and discretionary effort A review of the evidence March 2007 Literature review by Dr Mervyl McPherson of the EEO Trust. Extracts from this publication may be copied and quoted with acknowledgement. ISBN No: 0-9582233-4-3 Equal Employment Opportunities Trust PO Box 12929 Penrose Auckland New Zealand Phone: 64 9 525 3023 Fax: 64 9 525 7076 Table of Contents Preface 3 Executive summary 4 1.0 Introduction 6 2.0 Definitions and evidence of relationships 6 2.1 Work-life balance 6 2.1.1 Productivity 7 2.1.2 Relationship between work-life balance and productivity 8 2.2 Workplace/work-life culture 11 2.2.1 Relationship between work-life balance and workplace culture 12 2.3 Discretionary effort and employee engagement: going the extra mile 16 2.3.1 Relationship between discretionary effort/employee engagement and productivity/profitability 20 2.3.2 Relationship between work-life balance and discretionary effort 21 2.3.3 Relationship between workplace culture and discretionary effort 23 2.4 Summary of inter-relationships of key factors 24 3.0 Changing a workplace culture 26 3.1 Case studies of culture change 27 4.0 Conclusion 29 5.0 References 30 Preface Employee engagement has been identified as critical to competitive advantage in a labour market where skilled, committed...
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...2011 International Conference on Social Science and Humanity IPEDR vol.5 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Working Hours, Work-family Conflict and Work-family Enrichment Among Professional Women: A Malaysian Case Surena Sabil Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia surena@siswa.um.edu.my Sabitha Marican Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia sabitha@um.edu.my countries such as France, Italy and Germany and those countries enjoy the privilege of balancing between work and personal life. (Burke and El-Kot,2009). Every extreme worker has his or her own reason that motivates him or her to work for longer hours. According to a survey, the most popular belief suggests that people love the intellectual challenge and the thrill of achieving something big. This is followed by high-quality colleagues, recognition, compensation packages and for power or status. (Hewlett and Luce,2006). Due to the above reasons the scenario of working longer hours has become a common thing among the managerial and professionals. (Brett and Stroh, 2003, Hewlett and Luce, 2006). A study by Galinsky et al (2005) showed that generally, 20% of workers in the US work more than 49 hours per week. Likewise, a research carried out by Daly (2001) showed that the managerial and professionals are the groups that have practiced working longer hours which is 50 hours a week. However, the latest findings by...
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...> RJSSM: Volume: 02, Number: 04, August-2012 Page 1 Role of Interpersonal Relationship in Stress Healing and Improved Job Performance: an empirical study conducted in Gomal University, KPK Pakistan Mrs Safia Bashir Gandapur, Assistant Professor, Law college, Gomal University, D.I.Khan Prof Dr. Shadiullah Khan, Dean Faculty of Arts, Gomal University, D.I.Khan Prof Dr.Mohammad Bashir Khan, Dean Faculty of Management Studies in Islamic International University, Islamabad & Director Research Iqra University Islamabad Abstract This study explores the role of interpersonal relationships as an impact factor in stress healing and job performance among Gomal University teachers. The determinants of stress healers which have been investigated include the role of relationships with family members, close relatives, friends, and colleague teachers and with management including the principal/head of the department. The sample consists of 250 Gomal University teachers including 110 male and 40 female teachers. Primary data for this study was collected through a questionnaire which was tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS. A Pearson product moment coefficient was computed to assess the level of association between the dependent and independent variables. One way ANOVA was calculated to see the homogeneity coefficients and check the equality of variances and the mean difference between the groups of variables. Paper starts with an introduction, review of relevant literature...
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...TO THE FAMILY 3. OUTLINE OF THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE MODEL 4. IDENTIFY THE STAGE OF THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE THAT THE COUPLE IS CURRENTLY EXPERIENCING 5. KEY PRINCIPLES AND SECOND ORDER CHANGES THE FAMILY IS EXPERIENCING 6. THE EXTEND TO WHICH THE COUPLE'S FAMILY LIFE CYCLE ADHERES TO CARTER AND McCOLDRICK'S MODEL (1989) 7. THE COUPLE'S EXPERIENCES PERTAINING TO THE PRECEDING DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE 8. VERTICAL STRESSORS 9. HORIZONTAL STRESSORS 10. SYSTEM-LEVEL STRESSORS 11. THE COUPLE'S RELATIONSHIP STRENGHTS 12. CRITIQUE OF THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE MODEL 13. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. INTRODUCTION This is an Interview report of couple interviewed regarding their relationship and to compare it with the Family Life Cycle Model set out as by Carter and McGoldrick (1989). 3. OUTLINE OF THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE Stage 1: The unattached young adult This stage is characterised by a single young adult who is leave his home to establish independence The young adult is between families; between family of origin and the formation of a new nuclear family through marriage / pairing off. Autonomy and attachment are functional for adult goals. Acceptance of financial responsibility for self. Parents and young adult begin to relate to one another as adults The young adult has a need for intimacy, seeks relationship Stage two: The joining of families through marriage In this stage the the young adult forms relationships with other...
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...Abstract The study report explains the relationship between the two variables i.e. work life balance and teachers’ performance. The whole of the report tries to draw conclusions about to what extent both of the variables are correlated and in which direction these two variables are linked. Survey research method is being selected for this study along with self administered questionnaire to collect relevant and needed information. Researcher has remained successful in gathering valid and reliable data and then to critically evaluating the data. Univariate and bivariate tables are used to access the results of the study i.e. to study the relationship between level of work life balance and level of teachers’ performance. At the end Resercher has found the two variables linked closely together and moving in the same direction. That means the research hypothesis has been proved and it is concluded that there exists a strong relationship between the two variables under study. In more simple words, one may conclude about the study that a teacher having high level of work life balance performs better as compare to the teacher who has low level of work life balance. So, High level of work life balance causes high performance. . 1. Introduction This study of relationship between work life balance and teachers’ performance, explains the factors affecting the work life balance and teacher’s performance. Work-life balance for any person is having the 'right'...
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...Structural Family Therapy Janea Taylor St. Edward’s University July 22, 2014 CNCO 6364.01 Professor Michael S. Bishop, Ph.D., LMFT, LPC, PA Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to examine the theory upon which Structural Family Therapy is based. The history and construct of the theory, as well as a description of the techniques used while practicing this particular theory in application are discussed. An evaluation and critique are also provided, in addition to an overall summary of what was learned in the process of researching Structural Family Therapy. Keywords: structural family therapy, structural family theory, family systems Structural Family Therapy Historical Overview Structural Family Therapy (SFT) was created based on a theory developed by Salvador Minuchin which focuses on functioning within a family system (Nichols, 2014). Minuchin was born and raised Jewish in Argentina prior to moving to Israel where he became a physician. During the early 1960’s, he worked with at-risk youth within underprivileged sectors of society and poor families. As a result of his work with minority groups, Structural Family Therapy is one of the only theories with a sense of multi-culturalism. In 1967, Minuchin wrote a book entitled Families of the Slums which described his experiences with these families. While he was trained in psychodynamic techniques, he opted to take a different approach in working with this population by focusing on sociological...
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...those employees who are willing to work in flexible work shifts with suitable work timings .This research is focused on finding out a relationship between flextime and employee productivity, job satisfaction, work productivity, motivation and reduction in the stress levels of the employees. There is a good scope for implementing flextime in UAE since many such jobs that can be done with flexibility in the work timings are available in the organizations (both in the manufacturing and service oriented industries). To test the hypothesis the researcher used (ANOVA) linear regression test which shows the relationship between independent variable (flextime) and the dependent variable (job satisfaction, work productivity, motivation, and stress levels). The researcher has used frequency table for analysis of the demographic factors and has done the mean and standard deviation analysis. The researcher has used the Pearson correlation test to check the validity of the research questionnaire. Keywords: Flextime, Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Productivity, Work stress IntroductIon Job satisfaction is considered as one of the most essential components of work life, and one of the major factors that has influence on the individuals’ performance at work place. It affects the physical and mental capabilities of employees. An individual needs to maintain a healthy body and mind to perform physical and mental activities in the best possible way at his /her work place. When individuals suffer...
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...Examine the factors affecting power relationships and division of labour between couples. There are many factors that affect power relationships and division of labour between couples, mainly the traditional division of domestic labour within the past. Other factors include the breakdown of traditions, gender inequality and negative factors such as domestic abuse and violence. There are a variety of views and approaches to the factors from Feminists, Marxists and Functionalists. Division of labour between couples is the assignment of different parts of a process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency. This includes housework, childcare and paid work. However power relationships is where there is an evident controller of power within the relationship or whether the power is equal or symmetrical within the relationship. The factor of gender inequality is presented by Parsons 1955 within the family and relationships. He said that, women and men have different segregated roles that are very different and distinctly opposite to one another within couples. Parsons saw the man having the instrumental role, in which he works and provides for the family as the breadwinner. The mans life is about providing, financially supporting the family and achieving success at work. However the women within the relationship holds the expressive role, where she provides emotional support for the family, carries out the housework and gives the primary socialisation to the children...
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...MARITAL STRESS SPILLOVER AS A PREDICTOR OF JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG ARRIED COUPLES IN ANAMBRA STATE. By Ezechukwu, Justin N. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Clarification of Key Concepts * Marital Stress * Spillover * Job Performance * Work-Family Relationship * Civil Servants 3. Predictors of Job Performance 4. Marital Stress Spillover among Married Civil Servants in Anambra State 5. Prospects for Checking Family-to-Work Conflict 6. Conclusion 1. INTRODUCTION This is actually a study of the relationship between work and family. The write-up dwells on the realm of the interface of work and family roles and conflict among married earner couples in Anambra state. According to Ahmad (2008), there are empirical evidences that show that work-family conflict is often a severe stress factor at work leading to various negative outcomes, including impaired well-being. Many people experience increased levels of stress and conflict as they juggle work and parenting responsibilities. This reality is a pointer to the fact that there will always be the inevitable presence of spillover from family to work and vice versa. This is a situation found among married couples who work. Our focus here is the effect of this phenomenon on the married civil servants in Anambra state. We shall therefore approach this term paper by firstly getting the clarification of certain key concepts we shall be dealing with. Then, we shall take a look at the predictors of job performance...
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...Master of International Business Administration Business Research Methods for Managers-Fall 14086 THE REASONS BEHIND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER, ITS’ EFFECT AND THE METHODS TO REDUCE IT Supervised By Dr. Ashraf Elsafty Presented by: Yasser Hassan El Sayed Created Date: Oct 10, 2014 Last updated: Dec 11, 2014 Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 3 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 4 1.1. AN OVERVIEW 4 1.2. PROBLEM DEFINITION 4 1.3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 4 1.4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5 1.4.1 MODEL VARIABLES 6 1.4.1.1 Dependent variable 6 1.4.1.2 Independent variables 6 1.4.2 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 6 1.4.3 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 6 1.5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7 1.5.1 MAJOR QUESTIONS 7 1.5.2 MINOR QUESTIONS 7 1.6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 1.6.1 RESEARCH TYPE 7 1.6.2 SAMPLING 7 1.6.3 DATA ANALYSIS METHODS 8 1.6.4 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD 8 1.7. THESIS STRUCTURE 8 2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1. INTRODUCTION 9 2.1.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 9 2.1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH 9 2.2. PREVIOUS STUDIES 9 2.2.1 REASONS BEHIND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER 9 2.2.2 SYMPTOMS THAT ORGANIZATION FACE IN RESPONSE OF TURNOVER 10 2.2.3 COSTS OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER 11 2.2.4 MANAGING TURNOVER THROUGH SELECTION 11 2.2.5 THE FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE RETENTION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 11 3. CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH DESIGN 12 3.1. INTRODUCTION 12 3.2. PROBLEM DEFINITION 12 3.3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 12 3.4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 13 3.4.1 DEPENDENT VARIABLES...
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...Emotional intelligence consists of five factors: Knowing one's emotions, managing emotions, motivating one, recognizing emotions in others, and handling relationships Goleman (1995). Researchers today are interested in finding the effects of emotional intelligence on employees and thereby, organizations, and analyzing the various other facets of EQ. Emotional intelligence improves individual and organizational performance. It plays a significant role in the kind of work an employee produces, and the relationship he or she enjoys in the organization. Work – Life Balance is a challenging issue for IT leaders, managers and has also attracted the attention of researchers. Work/life balance, in its broadest sense, is defined as a satisfactory level of involvement or ‘fit’ between the multiple roles in a person’s life. In this climate managing the boundary between home and work is becoming more challenging. Organizations need to ensure they not just encourage but mandate a practical and workable work/life balance policy, benefiting and meeting the needs of both the organization and its employees. Organizations not providing real opportunity for employees work/life balance are opening themselves up to increasing numbers of dissatisfied and unproductive employees and hence increased attrition rates. Merely creating a work/life policy framework is not enough; fostering an organizational...
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