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Relationships in Middle Childhood

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Relationships in Middle Childhood

Friendships in middle childhood…
-Provide information about the world
-Provide emotional support
-Facilitates the development of emotion understanding and emotion regulation
-Are a training ground for communicating and interacting with others
-Foster intellectual growth by increasing range in experiences

Stages of Friendship (Damon and Hart 1988)
Stage 1: (4-7) Basing friendship on others’ behaviors
Stage 2: (8-10) Basing friendship on trust
Stage 3: (11-15) Basing friendship on psychological closeness

What role does popularity have in friendships? More popular children: -tend to form friendships with more popular individuals -have more friends and interact with greater number of children -tend to form cliques
What personal characteristics lead to popularity?
-Social competence: the collection of social skills that permit individuals to perform successfully in social settings -overall popular children are friendly, open and cooperative
-Social problem-solving: the use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others.
*Social problem- 1.Find and identify relevant social cues- 2.Interpret and evaluate the social cues- 3.determine possible problem-solving responses- 4.Evaluate responses and their probable consequences

Social Problem-Solving Abilities Popular children:
-better at interpreting others’ behavior accurately -possess a wider inventory of techniques for dealing with social problems Unpopular children
–less effective at interpreting others’ behavior accurately
-possess a liited inventory of techniqes for dealing with social problems
-may develop learned helplessness, may feel they have little or no ability to improve their situation
Can a child in middle childhood learn social competence?

Gender and Friendships The segregation of friendships according to gender, with a preference for same gender groups, occurs in almost all societies. Friendship patterns among boys and girls differ -Boys tend to interact in groups, while girls tend to pair off
-Boys tend to be concerned with their place in the dominance hierarchy and might engage in restrictive play (interactions interrupted when status is challenged)

Cross-Race Friendships -Children’s closely friendships tend to largely be with others of the same race. -Although they may not choose each other as best friends

Bullies
-Some 90 percent of middle-school students report being bullied at some point in their time at school, beginning as early as the preschool years.
-About 10 percent to 15 percent of students bully others at one time or another.
-Approximately 160,000 US school children stay home from school each day because they are afraid of being bullied.
-Although bullies are sometimes popular among their peers, some ironically become victims of bullying themselves. Bullying- Unwanted, aggressive behavior among children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.

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