...History of Religion The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious experiences and ideas. The religious history began with the invention of writing about 5,000 years ago in the Near East. It was interesting to find out that prehistory of religion relates to a study of religious beliefs that existed prior to the advent of written records. It is interesting to note that the Religions were divided into stages of progression from simple to complex societies such as polytheistic to monotheistic. However, there are now claimed "that religion evolved from polytheism to monotheism has now been discredited" (p. 1763, Man, Myth & Magic, 1995) Value of Religion Organized religion emerged as a means of providing social and economic stability to large populations through the following ways: 1.) Organized religion served to justify the central authority, which in turn possessed the right to collect taxes in return for providing social and security services to the state. Example the empires of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia were theocracies’s. 2.) Organized religion emerged as means of maintaining peace between unrelated individuals (Armstrong, 1994). Neolithic Religions Humans used to live a nomadic and hunter gatherer lifestyle. We can say here that Neolithic period started when humans gave up their nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles in order to begin farming. As a result, States and Empires resulted in more specialized and developed forms of religion that were...
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...1. Explain what "animism" is? a. Animism, as described by the Englishman Sir Edward Burnett Tylor, was the earliest form of religion and was explained as the belief in spiritual beings. After founding the sub field of religious anthropology, Tylor believed that people established religion in order to comprehend events and conditions that could not be explained using daily experiences. Events, which Tylor believed, our ancestors were intrigued by; such as death and dreaming had a large influence in the establishment of animism. When people dream and undergo trances, they see images that they may recall after awakening or exit their trance state. In our ancestors attempt to explain dreams and trances, they were led to believe that two entities...
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...com/soc-315-ash/soc-315-week-4-quiz 1. The biggest problem currently facing the Mexican government is: alleviating the threat of air pollution in large cities. responding to changes in United States immigration policies. dealing with violent drug cartels and maintain order in border states. reforming the national legislature to make it more democratic. 2. Widespread use of the _______ language helped foster the independence movement in India. Hindi Urdu French English 3. Japan’s Meiji Restoration: created a federal government with devolved powers. increased the role of feudal practices. encouraged modernization. abolished the emperor’s powers 4. In which of the following pairs of countries is democracy the most firmly established? India and Nigeria Japan and Mexico Mexico and Nigeria Japan and India 5. The student-led protests in China’s Tiananmen Square: were violently suppressed by the Chinese government. were opposed by most Western governments. called for a second Cultural Revolution. led to major changes in Chinese politics. 6. Which association of a region/country and a dominant religion is incorrect? Africa; Animism Middle East; Islam China; Shinto East Asia; Buddhism 7. Of the following, which BEST characterizes India? Single-party state Socialist Multicultural Authoritarian 8. Ultimately, political power in China resides with the: Chinese people. Chinese Communist Party. president. ...
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...* Question 1 | | | A _______ approach to the study of religion focuses on myths and doctrines.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | theoretical | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 2 5 out of 5 points | | | Interpretations which are hostile to the place/role of women are ________.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | misogynist | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 3 5 out of 5 points | | | _______ is referred to by such terms as God, Nirvana, Brahman, and so forth.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Unconditioned Reality | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 4 5 out of 5 points | | | Interpretations which overly emphasize the role of men in religion are ________.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | androcentric | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 5 5 out of 5 points | | | A __________ approach to the study of religion focuses on acts of worship.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | practical | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 6 5 out of 5 points | | | ______ are sometimes viewed as attempting to invoke a sacred past by the performance of various specific acts.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Rituals | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 7 5 out of 5 points | | | _______ is not easily defined and is understood...
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...Native American Populations Alcohol consumption by Native Americans is higher than all other ethnic groups or subgroups in the United States. Roots of the epidemic of alcohol-related problems among many Native Americans are in response to European arrival. Initially, Native American's responses to alcohol were heavily influenced by the example of White frontiersmen. Whites also deliberately pressed alcohol upon the natives because it was an immensely profitable trade good; in addition, alcohol was used as a tool of "diplomacy" in official dealings between authorities and natives. Compared with the U.S. population in general, the Native American population is especially at risk for alcohol related consequences. Prior to colonization, the Native Americans had been naïve to the effects of distilled spirits, having used only weaker fermented beverages for religious ceremonies. The cultural beliefs, risk behaviors, consequences, population at risk, a cultural plan of action, ways to modify behavior, and community/national resources regarding Native Americans and alcohol will be discussed. Cultural Beliefs and Assumptions The primitive religions of the Native Americans were based on the culture of Animism. Animism is a religion based on the spiritual idea that the universe, and all natural objects within the universe, has souls or spirits. In this religion it is believed that souls or spirits exist not only in humans but also in animals, plants, trees, rocks etc. This belief and culture...
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...RELIGION IN MALAYSIA HISTORY OF MALAYSIA Situated in the heart of Southeast Asia at one of the world's major crossroads, Malaysia has always been pivotal to trade routes from Europe, the Orient, India and China. It’s warm tropical climate and abundant natural blessings made it a congenial destination for immigrants as early as 5,000 years ago when the ancestors of the aborigines, the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, settle here, probably the pioneers of a general movement from China and Tibet. They were followed by the Malays, who brought with them skills in farming and the use of metals. As the beginning of Ancient Malaysia, the- Negrito aborigines are considered to be one of the first groups of people to inhabit the Malaysian peninsula. When the Proto-Malays, made up of seafarers and farmers, came to the peninsula they sent the Negritos into the jungles and hills. The Proto-Malays came from China and were technologically advanced, especially in comparison to the Negritos. After the Proto-Malays came the Deuteron-Malays, which were made up of many different people - Arabs, Chinese, Indians, Proto-Malays, and Siamese. The Deuteron-Malays were proficient in their use of iron and when they united with Indonesians, they combined to make up the people known today as the Malay. Around the first century BC, strong trading links were established with China and India, and these had a major impact on the culture, language and social customs of the country. During this...
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...Umar Faruk A00013589 PHI 201 RELIGION IN A MODERN SOCIETY INTRODUCTION Today’s religion did not originate from space; they did exist from ancient faiths which may have been swept away by time. The ancient religion may not be as active as in the past but have continued to influence our present culture. The 19th century had a change in knowledge about other religion, ethics and beliefs and showed a gradation in economy of a state, these stages of progression includes that of Abrahamic to middle age religion, down to their mode of socialization with the environment. ORIGIN OF RELIGION Religion evidence dates back to thousands of years. Archaeologist used apparent burials from Homo sapiens as yardsticks of religious ideas. Other evidence includes symbolic images from middle stone ages, especially that of Africa. However, the interpretation of the paleo-images and their direct meaning with respect to how they relate with religious beliefs remains a controversy, as compared to more recent remains. Various theories have been put down by scholars more recently to supporting the originality and origin of religion rather than believing in earlier claims by Christian beliefs that the world was unreligious (non-religion). Edward Burnett, Tylor, and Herbert Spencer proposed the theory of “Animism” while a renowned archaeologist, john Lubbok described earlier religion as “Fetish”. Other scholars like Max Miller in his theory defined earlier religion as “Hedonism”, while Wilhem Mannhardt...
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...were necessary but sometimes we forget the human side of these Indians. Known as salvages and brutes it is no doubt that the war was bloody and the Indian fight for survival was fierce. Nevertheless, these tribes were a people that joined until the very end. Native Americans have played a major role in the history of the United States and its growth. While they struggled against the taking of their land and fought many battles, there were those in battle that sought peace and only wanted to protect their people. There were marked differences in the culture and religions of all the tribes as well as differences between them and the white man. Yet they were some remarkable men and women that came from those tribes. Native Americans have a unique relationship with the history of the United States. Creek Indians The Creek Indians were a great part of history for early Georgia and Alabama. They lived there most of the early days and during the colonial period. While the Indians outnumbered the colonist, they also owned more land and enslaved the African people. By the year of 1760, the Creeks had become a minority population, and by the 1800 they had given their land to the new state. Christopher Columbus arrived in the America’s to find the entire Southeastern area filled with the Indian villages and societies. Soon these natives found themselves devastated by outbreaks of disease not known to them. The small pox infection wiped out a majority of the native population....
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...Sustainability Review Test 1 1) Kenneth E. Boulding—“Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth” * English (1910-1993), Professor at U. of Michigan, U of Colorado * Economist, educator, peace advocate, Quaker, systems scientists, interdisciplinary philosopher * We are approaching a closed system and how it is going to be tough for us * Neither receivers inputs nor outputs * i.e. self-contained * Today we are in an open mind approaching a closed one * Morals are keeping us in the open for now * Econospherethe total worth of everything we have * Fossil fuel is buried sunshine * Shift from Cowboy Economy—people believe that there are unlimited shits, i.e. like the wild west to Spaceship Economy * Spaceship Economywe have only brought enough food/resources for the people we are carrying and must make it last for as long as we can * Stresses resource management * Doesn’t really consider environmental impact as much as more about conservation * Focuses more on population vs. environmental impact * Entropy (?) * Spaceman Economy living within our means, don’t worship production vs. costs… more conservation concerned * Fracking is a good example of us still in a cowboy mode although we are shifting toward Spaceman * Reference to Ethics—ethics, it is us, it is a plural term… we have an ethical obligation to think of future generations * Solutions at the end...
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...Sustainability Review Test 1 1) Kenneth E. Boulding—“Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth” * English (1910-1993), Professor at U. of Michigan, U of Colorado * Economist, educator, peace advocate, Quaker, systems scientists, interdisciplinary philosopher * We are approaching a closed system and how it is going to be tough for us * Neither receivers inputs nor outputs * i.e. self-contained * Today we are in an open mind approaching a closed one * Morals are keeping us in the open for now * Econospherethe total worth of everything we have * Fossil fuel is buried sunshine * Shift from Cowboy Economy—people believe that there are unlimited shits, i.e. like the wild west to Spaceship Economy * Spaceship Economywe have only brought enough food/resources for the people we are carrying and must make it last for as long as we can * Stresses resource management * Doesn’t really consider environmental impact as much as more about conservation * Focuses more on population vs. environmental impact * Entropy (?) * Spaceman Economy living within our means, don’t worship production vs. costs… more conservation concerned * Fracking is a good example of us still in a cowboy mode although we are shifting toward Spaceman * Reference to Ethics—ethics, it is us, it is a plural term… we have an ethical obligation to think of future generations * Solutions at the end...
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...Religion | Origin of All Things | Nature of God | View of Human Nature | View of Good and Evil | View of “Salvation” | View of After Life | Practices and Rituals | Celebrations and Festivals | Week 2Hinduism and Jainism | The history of Hinduism is unique among the world religions in that it has no founder or date of origin. According to historians, the origin of Hinduism dates back to 5,000 or more years. Jainism dates to the 6th century B.C.E. in India. | The nature of God according to Jainism is state of perfect being. Jainism believes in God not as a creator but as a perfect being. They believe that when the jiva or the soul becomes liberated it lives in a blissful state. God is considered to be Omnipotent and Omnipresent by Hindus. There are more than 200,000 gods and goddesses in the Hindu religion. Some are major deities with major duties such as Shiva, others are of lesser import and are more directly connected with specific duties such as the house or ancestors | In Hinduism, the soul, or atman, is an eternally existing spiritual substance or being and the abiding self that moves from one body to the next at rebirth. In Jainism, the soul is uncreated, eternal and has infinite power and knowledge. It therefore has the inherent potential of divinity (that is, perfectly omnipotent, omniscient and free; not a god). By ridding oneself of the karma that obstructs the soul, one can achieve this liberation (moksa). | Karma is the basic principle within an overarching psycho-cosmology...
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...Thailand and Vietnam (2010). Because of Cambodia’s location, it has long been vulnerable to foreign territorial ambitions. Cambodia has struggled to maintain self-identity and survival as a nation (1993). The name “Cambodia” derives from the French Cambadge, which comes from Khmer word the People’s Republic of Kampuchaea (1979-1989), the country was known internationally as Kampuchea, but more recent governments have returned to using Cambodia, and the official name in English is now the Kingdom of Cambodia (1999). [pic] Cambodia was a French colony before it gained it’s independence in 1953.The King of Cambodia was Norodom Sihanouk, until he was removed from power in 1970. In 1965 Sihanouk refused to accept economic aid from the United State of America and discontinued diplomatic...
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...Geopolitics of Thailand TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 2 Geographic location in Asia 2 Economy of Thailand 2 Demographic 2 Culture 3 China and Thailand 3 What China would want from Thailand 3 What are the Chinese needs ? 3 What can Thailand provides to China in this optic ? 4 China and Thailand relationships 5 Thailand and its neighbours 7 ASEAN7 Myanmar8 Laos 8 Cambodia 8 Vietnam 9 Thailand and USA9 Relations threw the history9 Economic relations10 Current bilateral issues 11 Strategies11 Geopolitical imperatives11 Strategies with historical evolution 12 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 15 I. Introduction 1.1 Geographic location in Asia Totaling 513,120 km² Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country by total area. 1.2 Economy of Thailand Thailand is an emerging economy and considered as a newly industrialized country.It exports an increasing value of over $105 billion worth of goods and services annually.> Thai rice, textiles and footwear, fishery products, rubber, jewellery, cars, computers and electrical appliances. Its Substantial industries are : electric appliances, tourism (6%), sex tourism and prostitution…It also has a GDP worth US$602 billion. This classifies Thailand as the 2nd largest economy in Southeast Asia, after Indonesia.It is the 4th richest nation according to GDP per capita, after Singapore, Brunei and Malaysia. Finally the IMF has predicted that the Thai economy will...
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...LIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY “Unreached People Group: Kazakhs of Mongolia” A Paper Submitted to Dr. Neal H. Creecy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of GLST 500 Global Studies Survey By Ryann S. Ruckman Dec. 9, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………..3 Kazakhs of Mongolia Background Information………………………………..4 History………………………………………………………………………4 Language…………………………………………………………………..5 Social Structure……………………………………………………………6 Culture………………………………………………………………………7 Economy……………………………………………………………………7 Religion……………………………………………………………………..8 Survey of Missions Work……………………………………………………….11 Church Status………………………………………………………….....11 Known Believers………………………………………………………….12 Challenges……………………………………………………………......13 Present Strategies…………………………………………………....….14 Proposed Strategy………………………………………………………..…….15 Accessing the Country…………………………………………………..15 Discipleship and Church Planting Strategy…………………………...16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………....18 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………......20 Figures – Physical Map of Bayan-Ulgii, Mongolia…………………………..3 Introduction The Kazakhs of Mongolia are a people untouched by the gospel fire and the redeeming love of Jesus Christ. The Kazakh’s of Mongolia are the largest ethnic minority group in Mongolia, numbering over 100,000 and mainly live in the western province of Bayan Ulgii. These nomadic people migrated from their homeland of Kazakhstan and are a people rooted...
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...Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society a. Five Themes of Geography – consider these 1. Relative location – location compared to others 2. Physical characteristics – climate, vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean levels 2. Demography: Major population changes resulting from human and environmental factors 1. 2 million people during Ice Age – allowed for growth ...
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