...The Cambodian Genocide was the cause of many deaths in Laos and Cambodia because of the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot and the idea of the "Ideal Communist.” In the years 1975 to 1979, through execution, disease, forced labor, and starvation, Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge killed what is said to have been an estimated “two million” Cambodians. Which is almost a fourth of Cambodia’s population. This estimate does not include the maimed, the homeless, the orphaned, and the widowed, who were also suffering for all those years. The Cambodian Genocide was basically an attempt by Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge to nationalize the Cambodia farming society basically overnight, in an attempt for it to be like the “Chinese Communist agricultural model.” The population was made to work in one huge federation of many farms as labourers. Anyone who opposed, which were said to be all people in Cambodia with an education, must be terminated “together with all un-communist aspects of traditional Cambodian society.” “Christian, Buddhist and Muslim...
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...democracy obviously in order to make ASEANs member countries believe in the government in the way of a constitutional means because promoting democracy can support ASEANs cooperation to be successful and also can maintain stability and peaceful in the region. However, the political systems of ASEANs members are obviously different in real. - Thailand, Cambodia, Singapore, and Malaysia : Paliamentary Democracy - Indonesia and Philippine : Representative Democracy - Laos and Vietnam : Communist Socialism - Myanmar : Military dictatorship - Brunei : Absolute monarchy This difference have made Each country in ASEANs try to maintain their power and their political form. It makes ASEAN Integration is very difficult to be successful 6. Have a lot of conflict among ASEAN Member countries Almost of conflict cause from territory problem such as - Thailand – Cambodia territory problem in Preah Vihear. - Territory problem among Malaysia – Philippine - Indonesia 7. Socio-cultural differences The Southeast Asia region have a variety of race and religious, and also have different langugues in each country. - Buddhist : Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Singapore - Muslim : Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia - Christian : Philippine The different ways of life, beliefs, language, traditions, and culture make hard to understand among them and feel different...
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...The Misrepresentation of Cambodia Sociology 300 Professor: Emmanuel Obi Althea M Pullins 01/18/2010 Abstract The history of Cambodia will be reviewed in this paper. The paper will focus on the history of Cambodia from the time that Pol Pot led the country until present time. The paper will look in detail at the genocide of Cambodia that occurred under the leadership of Pol Pot from 1975 to 1979 where an estimated 2,000,000 Cambodians died. An analysis of the political landscape will be discussed in the paper. Women culture and the treatment of women during this period will be examined. The paper will also evaluate the religious culture, the impact that various ethnicities had on Cambodia, and report on the agrarian reform in Cambodia. An exploration of why Cambodia progress in the areas of economic growth, social development, and political development has been stymied will be investigated. A comprehensive look at the educational system of Cambodia will be reviewed along with urban development. History Cambodia is juxtaposed on mainland Southeast Asia between Thailand and Vietnam (2010). Because of Cambodia’s location, it has long been vulnerable to foreign territorial ambitions. Cambodia has struggled to maintain self-identity and survival as a nation (1993). The name “Cambodia” derives from the French Cambadge, which comes from Khmer word the People’s Republic of Kampuchaea (1979-1989), the country was known internationally as Kampuchea, but more recent...
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...impact of the Khmer Rouge on Cambodian society from 1975-1979 Cambodia became one huge labor camp under the Khmer Rouge. After deposing Lon Nol on 1975, the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot began one of the most brutal regimes in human history. This not only changed the Cambodian society but also ultimately destroyed it. This was due to the extreme vision of communism, which Pol Pot wanted to implement for a perfect and a peaceful society. Prince Norodom Sihanouk always tried to maintain Cambodia’s neutrality. But with Laos and Vietnam as its borders, he knew this was impossible. After the assassination of Diem in South Vietnam, Sihanouk condemned America’s policies; in turn he allowed Viet Cong bases in Cambodia. America in regard to this started ‘Operation Menu’ from 1969, to destroy the Viet Cong bases. When Sihanouk went to visit China on 1970, the CIA deposed him because he allowed North Vietnamese and Viet Cong to have sanctuaries in Cambodia. Sihanouk was replaced by pro-American and anti-Communist Lon Nol. This marked an end of a peaceful era in Cambodia. As soon as Lon Nol gained the power, he ordered the communist to leave Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge and the Viet Cong in retaliation to this launched an attack against the Lon Nol government. After a five year civil war between Lon Nol’s Royal Cambodian army, Viet Cong, North Vietnamese and the Khmer Rouge and over 600 000 Cambodians died, Lon Nol left Cambodia on 1st April 1975. Seventeen days later the Khmer Rouge took...
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...Muslims, but Armenia was still successful. Turkey did not like the success, and in 1908, a new government came to rule Turkey, called the “Young Turks.” The Young Turks wanted to get rid of the Armenian population, which were Muslim and Christian, and make another government, so the genocide started on April 24, 1915. The Young Turks wanted to “Turkify” the Ottoman Empire. 2. The Armenian Genocide involved the Ottoman Empire and the Young Turks (who were trying to eliminate the Ottoman Empire). The genocide also involved the Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia), and the United States. The Allied Powers warned the Young Turks that they would be responsible for this crime to kill the Ottomans. The United States’ citizens did know about the genocide, and there was a strong outcry, but these four countries did not really do anything. 3. The genocide fighting stopped in the September of 1918. The Treaty of Sevres was made so the Central Powers could sign to show defeat of WWI. It also marked the beginning of the total annihilation of the Ottoman Empire, and that all non-Turkish land that...
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...How do we know if that is Shiva? The arms of Shiva are missing but those aren’t as important in how we would identify if it Shiva or not. The third eye on the top of his forehead identify in who he is. Accounting to those that following him, say that he is the root of the world. That he is also the one in charge of the creation, destruction, and recreation. Back in the Angkor period he was the most important god out of all of the other gods in Cambodia. In the picture is show that Shiva has a beard or mustache, but in India unlike Cambodia, Shiva would not have it. The picture also shows that Shiva is wearing something that the rules would wear (Norton Simon Museum, Shiva). The second art piece that I chose was the sculpture of Vishnu. Same as the Shiva sculpture, the Vishnu is a sandstone sculpture. Vishnu like Shiva was very popular during the Angkor period. Vishnu art piece was taken place in Cambodia as well. As mention in the being that there was three gods and Vishnu was one of the three gods that is popular in the Hindu culture (Norton Simon Museum,...
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...Several advantages having the knowledge of the different religious viewpoints of the world would be You gain respect for other peoples beliefs It will bring people together You can learn new things about our history and where things originated from Every religion has some valuable principles that we would do well to live by, even if they are not derived from supernatural sources. You can see things from a different perspective You will start to understand the universe more 2. Religion reflects the ultimate reality 3. In the world there are different theories on how religion has begun. The first theorist who created the Animist theory believes that religion began through spiritual experiences while the second religion theory called the nature worship theory believes that “primitive” people created religion by customizing nature.The third theory of religion is the theory of original monotheism believes that god created the world and that only one god exists. The fourth theory of religion is the magic theory which is said to be that the world was created through magic. 4. The Karl Marx's view is that religion is a self consciousness or self esteem of a man who has not found himself or who is lost while Ludwig Feuerbach view is that he sees religion as a dream of what a human needs. God is created in humans imaginations. He believes that humans see themselves as helpless and they are very dependent so god is created so they can...
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...people. The victims were killed in concentration camps were there were put in gas chambers, they became sick, they didn't have enough food ,so some of them starved to death. The Armenian Genocide took place 1915-1923 in the Ottoman Empire which is today called Turkey. The Armenian Genocide was committed by the young Turk government. The Armenian victims were Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians. The victims were killed in labor camps were they were put in primitive gas chambers, they were killed by relocation with trains, death marches, killing squads, they were being shot and a lot of the victims died because of the living conditions. The Cambodian Genocide took place 1975-1979 in Cambodia. The Cambodian Genocide was committed by Khmer Rouge which was lead by Pol Pot. The victims were intellectuals, ethnic and religious minorities, Buddhist monks, the elderly, and the urban population. The victims were killed by being tortured, exposed to elements, some of them starved to death, while others suffered from diseases with no medication, they were also killed in death marches, work camps, execution, disembowelment and nails to the head. The Rwandan Genocide took place 1994 and lasted for (100 days) in Rwanda. The Rwandan Genocide was committed by Interahamwe lead by...
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...The Tourism Industry in Iraq Development. It was prepared by the joint venture partnership of The Louis Berger Group / The Services Group under Contract # 267-C-00-04-00435-00 The Tourism Industry in Iraq IZDIHAR— USAID Contract #267-C-00-04-00435-00 International Economic Consulting April 17, 2006 The Tourism Industry in Iraq DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. The IRAQ IZDIHAR project is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by the joint venture partnership of: THE Louis Berger Group, INC. Engineers Planners Scientists Economists THE SERVICES GROUP The Tourism Industry in Iraq IZDIHAR— USAID Contract #267-C-00-04-00435-00 Table of Contents i TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary...........................................................................1 II. Tourism: A Global and Regional Perspective...................................3 A. Profile of the Global Tourism Industry................................................................................3 1. Key Trends in Tourism...........................................................................................3 a. Long haul trips on the rise.........................................................................4 b. Safety and security: a growing concern..........
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...“More of a problem of internal weaknesses than colonial repression.” Is this an accurate reflection of the Southeast Asian nationalist movements during the inter-war period? WAS IT BECAUSE COLONIAL POWERS TOO SUPRESSIVE THAT LED TO FAILURE OF NATIONALIST ACTIVITIES? NO, IT WAS BECAUSE COLONIAL POWERS WERE NOT SUPRESSIVE THAT ALSO LED TO THE WEAK NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS!! Identified time-frame: 1919-1942 1st Point- Yes, this is true 2nd Point- No, colonial repression did some damage too 3rd Point- List third factor, failure of nationalist movements due to LACK of colonial repression, ultimately leading to weaker/no nationalist movements Both internal weaknesses and colonial repression were the main factors that held back the emergence of nationalism and hampered its transformation into modern nationalism in Southeast Asia before 1914. However, by comparing the strengths of nationalist movements across the various countries, this essay will show the failure of the Southeast Asian nationalist movements were more of a problem of internal weaknesses than colonial repression. Firstly, internal weaknesses was prevalent across all South-east Asian countries in the inter-war period and manifested inside in many forms, namely between and within parties (ideological divides), between elites and masses, moderates and radicals, majority and minority groups (ethnicity, religion) and even between individual nationalist leaders. Internal weaknesses posed a great obstacle to the...
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...Global trade had important social political, religious and cultural affect in Europe, eventually in the wider world. Europe launched a wide range of transoceanic activities and major breakthroughs in geography. These ocean activities have promoted the communication between the continents on the earth and have formed numerous new trade routes. With the opening of the new route, cultural and trade exchanges between the East and West have greatly increased, and colonialism and liberal trade have begun to rise. One of the example is “The invention of the Portuguese caravel” is about the Portuguese ship that allowed for transoceanic travel, so it is very important because it allowed the Portuguese to cross the Atlantic. It is also a symbol of the...
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...activities are largely based geopolitical factors rather than the genuine purpose of ending human to human barbarism. This paper will attempt to prove that ‘global community’ commitment to end genocide events is categorically challenged by lack of sufficient devotion to ‘the pledge’ to eradicate the vice. The paper is structured into three main parts and one secondary part. The background will attempt to examine the scholarly effort attempting to relate the basis of global community pledge and the general act of genocide. A further sub category of this part will introduce the role played by United Nations in minimizing genocide. The second section will be substantial in analyzing past genocide events; courtesy of three relevant examples, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Rwanda. In this section, the document will examine the various roles played by United Nations in fueling the genocide. The third section will examine 21 century events, and how United Nations has chosen a back player in preventing the occurrences of these genocides. The secondary section will attempt to examine the role played by International Criminal Court and how it has been challenged in limiting genocide events. Background Research has attempted relate the end of the holocaust and the emergence of non-allied political movements and arms race to contemporary genocide. Besides, a close consideration of this discussion is the commencement of 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and how they took center stage...
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...IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST ASIA ISLAMIC STUDIES AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION i ii IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST ASIA ISLAMIC STUDIES AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION Editors KAMARUZZAMAN BUSTAMAM-AHMAD PATRICK JORY YAYASAN ILMUWAN iii Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-In-Publication Data Islamic studies and Islamic education in contemporary Southeast Asia / editors: Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad, Patrick Jory ISBN 978-983-44372-3-7 (pbk.) 1. Islamic religious education--Southeast Asia. 2. Islam--Education--Southeast Asia. I. Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad. II. Jory, Patrick. 297.77 First Printed 2011 © 2011 Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad & Patrick Jory Publisher: Yayasan Ilmuwan D-0-3A, Setiawangsa Business Suites, Taman Setiawangsa, 54200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – for example, electronic, photocopy, recording – without prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed review. The opinions expressed in this publication is the personal views of the authors, and do not necessary reflect the opinion of the publisher. Layout and cover design: Font: Font size: Printer: Hafizuldin bin Satar Goudy Old Style 11 pt Gemilang Press Sdn Bhd iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T his book grew out of a three-day workshop jointly held by the Regional Studies Program, Walailak University, and the Department...
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...them. There are some elements leads to those situations for example education, economics, religion, culture and tradition. To begin with, The debate surrounding the impact of different facets of Africa’s triple heritage and as a result of traditional African religion, Christianity and Islam, a woman has been re-surged on the status of African. The role and place of Man in every religion is very well predetermined in the main religious of the world mostly Christianity and Islam however this role and place of woman leaves a lot to be desired. In most areas, low representation of women in politics and decision-making circles progress has been made in the field of political representation For women since 1995, and included Africa and large parts of Asia, where the cases appeared with a clear increase in the presence of women in parliaments. Rwanda has achieved, surprisingly, significant gains in this area, where women now represent 56% of the parliament, compared to 17% in 1995. 28 As at the global level, there is still a gap in women's access to power, and integrated into the decision-making circles and leadership at all levels, including the village councils. The information available from Asia for the year 2010 that the women there...
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...cleavages as Rwandan society. Promotion of a common language in countries like Tanzania has also promoted transcendent national identity. This search for common ground is vital to early prevention of genocide. 2. SYMBOLIZATION: We give names or other symbols to the classifications. We name people “Jews” or “Gypsies”, or distinguish them by colors or dress; and apply the symbols to members of groups. Classification and symbolization are universally human and do not necessarily result in genocide unless they lead to the next stage, dehumanization. When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of pariah groups: the yellow star for Jews under Nazi rule, the blue scarf for people from the Eastern Zone in Khmer Rouge Cambodia. To combat symbolization, hate symbols can be legally forbidden...
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