...Financial Statement Development and Analysis Part A Three (3) of the financial disclosures that would provide evidence as to whether Coca-Cola is achieving its objective are: Coca-Cola’s mission declares the company purpose and standards by which Coca-Cola will operate. Coca-Cola’s roadmap starts with a mission that is lasting. The basic tasks of Coca-Cola are: to refresh the word, to inspire moments of optimism and happiness and to create value and a make a difference. Maximizing shareholders value over time is Coca-Colas’ mission. In order to achieve this mission, Coca-Cola Company has to execute a business strategy driven by four key objectives: maximize its long-term cans flows and create economic value added by improving economic profit, and increase volume, expand the company share of worldwide nonalcoholic ready-to drink beverages sales. The balance sheet is one of the major financial statements. It shows the company financial position at the end of any specified date. It is sometimes consider the snap shot of the company financial position at any point or time. The balance sheet allows anyone to see what the company owns as well as what it owes. When you are looking at the balance sheet it will cover the assets, liabilities and owner’s (Stockholders’) equity. Assets are things that are owned by the company. These are resources that will have future economic value that can be expressed and measured in...
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...The standard setting process The recent, high profile accounting scandals shook the foundations of the capital markets. Financial reporting furnishes investors and other stakeholders with reliable and relevant information. In the short term unethical financial reporting resulted in loss of billion dollars, but in the long term the impact was even more severe: loss of confidence in financial reporting as reliable source of information. The following reforms aimed to restore investor confidence in financial reporting and accounting profession. They reinforced the importance of ethics in financial reporting and provided recommendation on accounting standard setting process. The following paper provides a brief discussion on standard setting organizations and process and the authoritative sources of accounting. This study also covers the objectives of financial reporting and its role in today’s economy and concludes that ethics will remain cornerstone of the accounting profession. Table of Contents Abstract 2 The standard setting process 4 Standard setting process and authoritative sources of accounting information 5 Objectives of financial reporting 6 Ethics’ role in financial reporting 6 Conclusion 7 References 10 The standard setting process The dawn of the new century brought an economic downturn. The tragic events of 9/11 and the burst of the dot.com bubble accelerated the general decline. Investors kept corporate managements under constant pressure...
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...of this documentation is to make people familiarize the building blocks of Hyperion Planning, Budgeting and Consolidation process. The document points some important consideration about the first steps towards building a Hyperion Planning process. Understanding the requirement clearly is the first process towards successful business application. The success lies in how better we understand the business needs and maps the needs to the software tool. The document could be considered as a starting point which can be used in the initial phases of requirement gathering. This document contains questions that can help you understand the processes that have to be addressed when you implement Hyperion Planning process to manage and control costs system. By answering these questions, you can determine many of the factors that are critical for the success of your project. In addition, you can use the information that you gather to create a strong foundation for an effective Business Requirements Document. Requirement Flow [pic] The questions in this document request information in the following areas: A. Organizational Set-up B. Chart of Accounts and Hierarchies C. Data Integration and Warehousing D. Performance Management Process E. Planning, Budgeting, and Forecasting (PBF) F. Consolidation Issues G. Financial, Management Reporting and Analytics Organizational Set-up Please answer the following questions. 1. Describe your organization...
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...of accounting concerned with providing information to managers for use in planning and controlling operations and in decision making is called: A) throughput time. B) managerial accounting. C) financial accounting. D) controlling. Answer: B AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Resource Management AICPA FN: Measurement LO: 1 Level: Easy 4. The cost of the cushions that are used to manufacture sofas is best described as a: A) manufacturing overhead cost. B) period cost. C) variable cost. D) conversion cost. Ans: C AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO: 1,2,5 Level: Medium 5. A security guard's wages at a factory would be an example of: | |Indirect labor |Fixed manufacturing overhead | |A) |No |No | |B) |Yes |Yes...
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...Group's/ Company’s management in directing operations by inspecting and evaluating the efficiency of business operations, risk management and internal control, and by producing information and recommendations to enhance efficiency. The Internal Audit also inspects the processes of business operations and financial reporting. Internal Audit's directive have to be approved by the Group’s / Company’s Board of Directors. The operations of the Internal Audit are guided by being risk-focused and emphasizing the development of business operations. Risk management The goal of risk management is to secure the Group's / Company’s earnings development and to ensure that the Group/Company operates without any disturbances by controlling risks in a cost efficient and systematic manner in all divisions/departments. The Board of Directors must approve the Group’s / company's risk management principles, which concern all of its divisions, departments and areas of business. Board of Directors and the Group / Company Management Committee must regularly evaluate risk factors to which business operations are exposed and the sufficiency of risk management actions as a part of the strategy process. Risk management is supported by internal control systems and guidelines. Risk management guidelines need to be...
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...and process costing is used in service companies. Ans: False AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO: 1 Level: Easy 2. A flour manufacturer is more likely to use process costing than job-order costing whereas a manufacturer of customized leather jackets is more likely to use job-order costing than process costing. Ans: True AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO: 1 Level: Easy 3. Normally a job cost sheet is not prepared for a job until after the job has been completed. Ans: False AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO: 2 Level: Medium 4. Job cost sheets contain entries for actual direct material, actual direct labor, and actual manufacturing overhead cost incurred in completing a job. Ans: False AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO: 2 Level: Easy 5. Multiple departmental overhead rates generally provide more accurate product costs than a single plant-wide overhead rate. Ans: True AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO: 3 Level: Easy 6. If direct labor-hours is used as the allocation base in a job-order costing system, but overhead costs are not caused by direct-labor-hours, then jobs with high direct labor requirements will tend to be overcosted relative to jobs with low direct labor requirements. Ans: True AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting LO:...
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...AICPA Functional: Reporting 2) Financial accounting prepares reports for internal purposes, whereas managerial accounting provides information to external stakeholders. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 LO: 18-1 AACSB: Concept AICPA Functional: Reporting 3) The IMA standards of ethical practice require managerial accountants to maintain their professional competence. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 LO: 18-1 AACSB: Ethical Understanding AICPA Functional: Reporting 4) The accountant for Myra Lido deliberately deferred cash payments for business expenses in order to record a higher operating cash flow for the company. As long as the amount was not material, this would not be considered unethical behavior. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 LO: 18-1 AACSB: Ethical Understanding AICPA Functional: Reporting 5) Financial statements prepared for investors and creditors often include forward-looking information because they make decisions based on a company's future prospects. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 LO: 18-1 AACSB: Concept AICPA Functional: Reporting 6) Management accounting reporting by a public firm is required to follow the rules of GAAP and guidelines of the Securities Exchange Commission. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 LO: 18-1 AACSB: Concept AICPA Functional: Reporting 7) A budget is a managerial accounting tool used in the planning process. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 LO: 18-1 AACSB: Concept AICPA Functional: Reporting 8) Financial reporting is typically much...
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...described in the case study are derived from interviews conducted with key leaders and operational staff directly involved in the oversight and management of eCQMs. Based on the experiences of the hospitals in this case study, the current approach to automated quality reporting does not yet deliver on the promise of feasibility, validity and reliability of measures or the reduction in reporting burden placed on hospitals. Specific policy changes are needed, starting with Stage 2 Meaningful Use, to redirect the electronic clinical quality reporting requirements to focus on a small set of well-tested measures supported by a mature policy infrastructure that can guide valid and feasible measure development, testing and implementation. Background In the past 10 years, there has been an unprecedented expansion in the number and type of quality measures hospitals are required to report for federal programs. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS) Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR) and Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) programs are two of the drivers of this development. Currently, hospitals report nearly 90 measures across all hospital quality reporting programs, including hospital inpatient and outpatient reporting....
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...Case Study 2: A Practical Guide to the New PCAOB Reporting Requirements Forensic Accounting: ACC-571 January 28, 2012 A Practical Guide to the New PCAOB Reporting Requirements Created by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board or PCAOB requires auditors of U.S. public companies be subject to external and independent oversight. Congress established the PCAOB in order to protect investors and the public interest by promoting accurate, informative, and independent audit reports. The PCAOB aims to improve audit quality, reduce the risks of auditing failures in the U.S. public securities market and promote public trust in both the financial reporting process and auditing profession. (PCAOB, 2012). During this case study I will justify how the reporting requirements of the PCAOB reduce the chance of financial fraud, illustrate the responsibilities of an auditing firm to detect fraud during the audit process, recommend alternatives to the PCAOB, and lastly prepare a sample timeline for PCAOB reporting. How the reporting requirements of the PCAOB reduce the chance of financial fraud: PCAOB necessitate senior financial managers to enforce a code of conduct (Advisory Report, 2003). The purpose of the code of conduct is to encourage honesty and ethical conduct, compliance to relevant regulations, and also promote full, accurate and timely disclosure in financial reports. As a result, the PCAOB reduces chances of financial fraud by ensuring...
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...effective internal control over financial reporting. Entity controls vary in nature and include; Controls that are related to the control environment- the editor must evaluate the control environment of the company because they are important they are important to effective internal control over financial reporting. The following is assessed as part of evaluating the control environment; whether there is promotion of effective internal control over financial reporting by the management’s philosophy and operating style, whether there is development and understanding of the sound integrity and ethical values particularly on top of management, and whether there is exercising and understanding of the oversight responsibility over financial reporting and internal control by the Board or audit committee. Certain control environment controls, have an important, but indirect, effect on the likelihood that a misstatement will be detected or prevented on a timely basis. These controls might affect the other controls the auditor selects for testing and the nature, timing, and extent of procedures the auditor performs on other controls. Controls over management override- these are important to effective internal control over financial reporting for all companies, and may be particularly important at smaller companies because of the increased involvement of senior management in performing controls and in the period-end financial reporting process. For smaller companies, the controls that...
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...Chapter 1 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Prepared by: Dragan Stojanovic, CA Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Role of Financial Reporting • Financial statements and financial reporting • Accounting and capital allocation •Stakeholders Objective of Financial Reporting •Management bias •Users’ needs Standard Setting • Need to develop standards • Parties involved in standard setting • Standard setting in a political environment GAAP • GAAP hierarchy •Professional judgement • Role of ethics Challenges Facing Financial Reporting • Globalization of companies and capital markets • Impact of technology • Changing nature of the economy • Increased requirement for accountability 2 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Role of Financial Reporting • Financial statements and financial reporting • Accounting and capital allocation •Stakeholders Objective of Financial Reporting •Management bias •Users’ needs Standard Setting • Need to develop standards • Parties involved in standard setting • Standard setting in a political environment GAAP • GAAP hierarchy •Professional judgement • Role of ethics Challenges Facing Financial Reporting • Globalization of companies and capital markets • Impact of technology • Changing nature of the economy • Increased requirement for accountability 3 Characteristics of Accounting 1. Identification, measurement, and communication of financial information about;...
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...Guide to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The Center for Audit Quality prepared this Guide to provide an overview for the general public of internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”). The Guide explains what public company ICFR is and describes management’s responsibility for implementing effective ICFR. The Guide also discusses the responsibilities of the audit committee to oversee ICFR and of the independent auditor to audit the effectiveness of the company’s ICFR. A Guide to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting P reparing reliable financial information is a key responsibility of the management of every public company. The ability to effectively manage the company’s business requires access to timely and accurate information. Moreover, investors must be able to place confidence in a company’s financial reports if the company wants to raise capital in the public securities markets. Management’s ability to fulfill its financial reporting responsibilities depends in part on the design and effectiveness of the processes and safeguards it has put in place over accounting and financial reporting. Without such controls, it would be extremely difficult for most business organizations — especially those with numerous locations, operations, and processes — to prepare timely and reliable financial reports for management, investors, lenders, and other users. While no practical control system can absolutely assure that financial reports...
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...Compliments of on IBM Limited Editi ose, Consolidate Cl & Report Learn to: • Distinguish between the closing, consolidating, and financial reporting processes • Use integration and automation to ensure data integrity and streamline CCR activities • Identify the right CCR solution for your organization Maire Loughran These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Close, Consolidate & Report FOR DUMmIES by Maire Loughran ‰ IBM LIMITED EDITION These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Close, Consolidate & Report For Dummies® IBM Limited Edition , Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online...
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...Chapter 4 The economics of Financial Reporting Regulation The case for unregulated markets for accounting information * Support for unregulated marketing all relate to the incentives for a firm to report information about itself to owners and to the capital market. * Agency theory explains why incentives exist for voluntary reporting to owners. * Wider voluntary reporting to the capital market is explained by signaling theory * The arguments supporting unregulated markets for accounting information are largely deductive in nature. Agency Theory * Predicts and explains the behavior of parties involved with the firm. * It conceives of the firm itself as a nexus of agency relationship and seeks to understand organizational behavior by examining how parties to agency relationships within the firm maximize their own utility. * One major relationship is between the management group and the owners of the firm. * Managers are hired to administer the firms’ activities. * Owners and Managers may have different goals and may not be in perfect agreement. While owners are interested to maximize return of investment and security prices, managers have a wider range of economic interests and psychological needs. Because of this conflict, owners communicate with managers in such a way as to minimize conflict between the goals of two groups. * Costs relating to monitoring management reduce managers’ compensation. Therefore managers have an...
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...Sustainability reporting is a set of reports to measure and disclosing for fulfil the interest of internal and external stakeholders such as employees, customers, local communities and more to provide insight into corporate sustainability performance through the development of sustainability (Sustainability Reporting Guidelines 2011, 3). It linked to describe reporting on environmental, economic and social impacts in business terms often called the triple bottom line approach. Triple bottom line approach using qualitative and quantitative for the measurement of company performance as well as to attain the goal of sustainable development (Brueckner 2010, 94). Sustainability reporting also called non-financial reporting which illustrate key elements corporate performance such as social reporting, triple bottom line reporting and more (Choudhuri and Chakraborty 2009). Within the sustainability reporting, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) which include general and sector specific content that has been agreed by variety of stakeholders around the world to generally applicable for reporting corporate sustainability performance (Sustainability Reporting Guidelines 2011, 3). Organization with sustainability will drive the increases of profit. Hence, product and services supply in environmentally friendly and energy-efficient because of the rising of demand by the society. A well corporate sustainability performance may influence the perception of society toward the company (Green...
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