Discuss ‘radio’ low cost as part of the characteristics of radio.
As it is simple, it is also a cheaper medium. The cost of production is low and a small radio can be bought for as low a price as say fifty rupees. Findings from the study revealed that radios are easily affordable, accessible, and often more handy to use than TV. Those without TV and radio, however, still have access to the media through socialization in their local communities. In much of the world, radio remains a primary medium for news consumption. A radio wave is an electromagnetic wave propagated by an antenna. Radio waves have different frequencies, and by tuning a radio receiver to a specific frequency you can pick up a specific signal.
Advertising on radio has consistently proven to be an effective and efficient medium to help generate brand awareness and grow business for a variety of companies and in a variety of geographical markets. Despite the rise of television, cable, and the Internet as advertising platforms, radio advertising "still makes sense". During the recent economic downturn, some businesses stayed away from radio, fearing that as people lost jobs, there wouldn't be as many commuters during drive-time hours. But that seems to have settled down. "It is still really relevant, but a lot depends on the market.
However, because the medium is cheap to use and can attract a substantial audience, the cost per hour – or more significantly the cost per listener – is low. Such figures are of relevance to advertisers, sponsors, supporters and accountants. It is also important for the producer as well as the executive manager to know what a program costs relative to its audience. Fringe are the days (or time of day) that are less in demand, or not as highly rated as other time slots, and thus, are priced accordingly, Schmidt says. Most radio stations have websites, and "stream" or broadcast their programming online. Generally, for a minimal investment, advertisers can add value to their on-air radio campaign by also advertising on the station's website. Sometimes, Hroncich says, radio stations will sometimes throw in website advertising as part of the "value add" in an advertising contract. More affordable than a set of books, good radio brings its own ‘library’, which is of special value to those who for whatever reason are deprived of literature in their own language.

Write a long note on the control room.
Many radio stations, especially those which air syndicated radio shows, receive these programs via satellite. The signal is fed into the Radio station's control room where it travels through a console, also known as a "board", and is then sent to the transmitter. Today's typical broadcast studio at a Radio station consists of a console, microphones, computers, CD players. Some even still use carts. Although most stations have switched over to completely digital operations, some still use CDs. It's very unlikely any actually use turntables or vinyl records anymore. Most radio stations have entered the digital age where not only is all the music, commercials, and other sound elements stored digitally on hard drives, but sophisticated software is also used to either automatically run the station when a human can't be there or to help in assisting a live DJ or personality in running the station.
There are various types of software designed to do this and it usually displays directly in front of the audio console where it is clearly seen by the person on-air. This screen is displaying each element that has played and will play over the next 20 minutes or so. It is a digital version of the station's log. In order to keep the sound of radio personality's voice sounding as good as possible, it's important to soundproof a radio studio.
Sound proofing takes the "hollow sound" out of a room. You know what it sounds like in your shower when you speak or sing? That effect is the sound waves bouncing off of smooth surfaces, like porcelain or tile. Soundproofing is designed to take the bounce of the voice's sound wave when it hits the walls. Soundproofing flattens the sound wave. It does this by creating a special texture on the radio studios walls. Cloth and other designs on the wall are usually employed to flatten out the sound. Control rooms should be arranged to allow easy access to the rear sides of all equipment for servicing. If this access is possible without forcing the operator to move out of the operating position, so much the better. It is very important to keep all control room wiring neat, orderly and well-marked. You might never be directly involved in studio construction or remodelling, but if you ever influence your station toward orderliness, you will have done your employer a good deed.

Discuss the nature of sound with reference to frequency and amplitude
At its most stripped back level, sound is the mechanical disturbance of a medium, either gas, liquid or solid. For example, when a piano key is struck, the movement of the string disturbs the surrounding medium, air, causing the displacement of molecules. This disturbance has a knock on effect causing adjacent molecules to be disturbed over a certain distance until the initial energy created by the initial displacement has disappeared. The energy decays to zero after being transferred from one molecule to the next, in the process losing an amount through each transferral.
Sound has three stages which affect how it is perceived by a listener.

1. The initial character is shaped by the properties of the sound source (i.e. an instruments' material and shape) and its excitation, such as being hit, plucked or breathed into. 2. The environment and the mediums which sound travels through to the listener. For example, a shout heard in a canyon sounds different than if heard in a small room, or through a pair of speakers. 3. The listening conditions applied by the listener. The individuals subjective perception of sound as well as their physical condition (i.e. the shape of the outer ears, or someone's age), affects how sound is perceived by the listener.

Sound pressure is transmitted in air as a wave like motion. In air, sound waves have a pressure which alternately deviates from a state of equilibrium. These deviations are regions of compression and rarefaction of molecules.
Amplitude
Amplitude is the measurement of sound level displacement above and below the equilibrium pressure. It is measured in the amount of force applied over an area and as such is relative to the energy or intensity of a sound. As a result, amplitude is also relative to the perceived volume of sound, although it is not a unit or a meter of volume.

Frequency and Pitch
The frequency of a wave is derived from the amount of cycles (or periods) per unit of time (seconds). Frequency is a logarithmic scale, measured in Hertz, and derived from the formula:

F = 1/T
Where T = Period = second