...How does your analysis of value of marginal product (VMP) change if the employer is a monopolist producer of its output but a price-taker in the labor market? Ans. Analysis of the value of marginal product (VMP) of labor is its marginal product times the price of output. Given this scenario, in which the employer is a monopolist producer of its output but a price-taker in the labor market, this would be considered perfect competition (as a price-taker), so the employer will not have to lower prices in order to sell additional units of the product. . Short-run equilibrium of the firm under monopolistic competition. The firm maximizes its profits and produces a quantity where the firm's marginal revenue (MR) is equal to its marginal cost (MC). The firm is able to collect a price based on the average revenue (AR) curve. The difference between the firms average revenue and average cost, multiplied by the quantity sold (Qs), gives the total profit. in labor market price taker means MPPL*P=Wl where MPPL=marginal physical product of labor , Wl is wage rate MPPL*P=VMPl = Wl in product market monoplist producer means MPPL*MRx=Wl where MRx is marginal revenue on selling each unit of ouptput X MPPL*MRx = MRPl where MRPl is always less then VMPl . hence there will always a monopolistic exploitation which will take place. References: (1) http://strategy.sauder.ubc.ca/ross/files/500...
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...Downsizing of the US Auto Market. Automakers will begin reducing production, cutting sales, or preparing for price wars in order to get rid of inventory. This type of downsizing may hurt Big Auto, forcing layoffs and reducing services offered. The consumers will no longer be able to afford expensive cars and would prefer keeping the current car they purchased. Even if the car is not worth the balance owed. Big Drive Auto will no longer carry certain makes or models, which would hurt sales. (Carseek, 2007) On the other hand, if downsizing affects the sale of cars, Big Drive Auto can look at generating revenue in the other two areas listed. Generating revenue in the other two areas may not show a major increase in sales, but should give a positive growth within the next five years. Downsizing falls in the recession area of the business cycle. The recession phase is a “period of decline in total output, income, and employment.” (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009). Americans No Longer Driving The culture of owning a new vehicle is dropping. Consumers are no longer driving, which decrease sales at car dealerships. Higher gas prices and rising unemployment plays a role in consumers purchasing cars. Evidence of this change can be found in the model below, created by Nate Silver, which reveals a snapshot of a decline in American Driving. This information created from information listed in the Federal Highway Administration, writes Nate Silver. (Esquire, 2009) Mergers...
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...Unit G671 revision notes Gender: Sex= Gender= socially constructed (construction of masculinities / femininities) Parsons: men are instrumental, women are expressive Stanley and wise: they question the view that gender is socially constructed. Behaviours are connected to how we are brought up and the influences around us Femininities: Blackman – study wc girls assertive Passive: traditional / stereotypical views on how women should be and act Jackson: normative physical appearance is key Seidler: questioning (Asian girls living double lives) Masculinities: Connell = 4 types Hegemonic: male supremacy, heterosexuality, aggression, laddish behaviour (normally wc men) Nayak: body capital study Archer: feminists argue that we cant say there is one hegemonic masculinity, there are more Paul Willis: lads and earoles study Mac and Ghail: macho lads – no factory jobs anymore Jackson: some boys at school don’t study as they wish to look “cool” Burdsey: Asian footballers want to fit in Complicit: new man, they adopt a shared role in the family Marginalised: loss of masculinity, unemployed men Subordinate: gay men behaving differently to the expectations of the dominant hegemonic masculinity Creation and reinforcement: Family: Ann Oakley: cannalisation, verbal appellation, toys and activities, primary socialisation – parents Mitchell and green: mother – daughter bond is strong in wc families Archer: family is pivotal – muslim boy masculine identity...
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...product pricing in the UK? The Oxford English dictionary defines price as “ a value that will purchase a definite quantity, weight, or other measure of a good or service”. Simply put, the price of an object represents the overall demand for that product at a specific time. However, every firm had a different ideology about price and they way they set price. One of these main factors that affect price is the actual objective of the firm. Traditional theory suggests that firms will charge a profit-maximizing price where price is determined when marginal cost equals marginal revenue. They operate to seek a maximum return on the investment and costs they have input. The diagram below shows how firms produce at the profit maximisation point (MC=MR) and what costs they incur (point C). It also shows that most firms that follow a profit maximizing strategy incur a profit (price is greater than cost) . Figure 1 From Wikipedia.org Figure 1 From Wikipedia.org Although profit maximization looks like the most viable business objective that a firm can adopt, the majority of firms tend not to follow it. Research done by economist Shipley in 1981 states that “of 728 firms studied only 15.9% are true profit maximizers” (Sloman, Wride (2009). Economics. 7th ed. London: Pearson Education. p7.). Baumol in 1959 and Williamson in 1963 stated that this was because managers were more focused on sales revenue since their salaries were matched with how much was actually sold. (“Economics” John Sloman...
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...Page of notes Variances COST VARIANCE is deemed unfavourable if actual>standard and vice versa DIRECT MATERIAL PRICE VARIANCE = PQ (AP-SP) PRICE VARIANCE = (PQ-AP)-(PQ-SP)…. If given a sentence such as ‘purchased 320,000kg of direct material at a total cost of $608,000 substitute (PQ-AP) with $608,000. E.g. $608,000 – (PQ-SP) DIRECT MATERIAL QUANTITY VARIANCE = SP (AQ-SQ)……..SQ = standard KG/unit x actual good output (e.g. 38,000 dartboards)……AQ = actual kg of direct material used DIRECT LABOR RATE VARIANCE = AH (AR-SR)……..RATE VARIANCE = (AHxAR) – (AHxSR)….if given ‘total wages for September were $84,000, 90% of which were for direct labor’ then (AHxAR) = 84,000 x 0.9 DIRECT LABOR EFFICIENCY VARIANCE = SR (AH – SH)……..SH = standard hour/unit x actual good output + work 1 VARIABLE OVERHEAD SPENDING VARIANCE = AH (AR-SR) VAIABLE OVERHEAD EFFICIENCY VARIANCE = SVR (AH –SH)…………SVR = standard variable overhead ratio…….SH = actual output x standard quantity of direct labour FIXED OH BUDGET VARIANCE = Actual FOH – Budgeted FOH ……. Budgeted FOH may be given in annual and need to be turned into monthly e.g. X/12 FIXED OH VOLUME VARIANCE = Budgeted FOH – Applied FOH……. Applied = PROHR x standard hours. In order to determine applied need to work out Predetermined OH rate. Done so by (BUDGETED FOH/Budgeted Activity Level)……..Budgeted Activity Level = Budgeted output x standard quantity of direct labour…or machine hours etc. VOLUME VARIANCE IS NEVER FAVOURABLE OR UNFAVOURABLE……...
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...Economics Group Assignment With Individual Component Questions A, B & C EC161/EC282 Walter Heering Seminar Group K Louis Quinton Toby Redman Charlie Spall Question 1……………………………………………………………………………….3 Question 2…………………………………………………………………………….12 Question 3…………………………………………………………………………….23 Toby Redman – Student Number: 13820112 Seminar group K EC161/EC282: Economics coursework: Group assignment with individual component – Question A Table of Contents Introduction 4 Price Ceiling 4 Main Body 5 How It Effects Landlords 6 How It Effects Consumers 7 How It Creates A Black Market For The Good 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction Price Ceiling A price ceiling is a government imposed price control to make sure that a goods can not be sold for more than a certain price, they cap the price at a certain point rather than letting be sold at the equilibrium. When a price ceiling is set there is more demand in the market than the product being supplied. The government has created excess demand by driving down the price of the product. Taylor (2006) claims that in order for a price ceiling to work it must be set below the equilibrium price of a market. If this does not happen then the ceiling would not have an effect on the price of a good because it would still continue to operate at the current price. As shown on the graph above when the price ceiling is put into place the price shifts from P* to P1 this then lowers the quantity available to the...
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...CHAPTER 10 PLANT ASSETS, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS BY OBJECTIVES AND BLOOM’S TAXONOMY Item 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. sg st a SO 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BT K K K K K C C K C K K C K AP C C K C AP AP AP AP K C C AP K C AP AP K K K K K C K C K Item 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. SO 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BT K K K K K K K K K K K K AP AP K AP K AP AP K K K K AP AP K AP C K AP AP AP AN AP AP AP AP C AP Item 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. SO 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 BT C C C K C K C K K K K K AP AP AP AP AP AP AP K K K AN K K K C C C K K C C AP K K C C C Item 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. a 47. a 48. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. SO 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 BT C K K K K K K K K K...
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...Q-1: a) Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) is a curve showing how much two or more goods can be produced by limited resources available. According to (Riley, 2012) "(PPF) is a curve or a boundary which shows the combinations of two or more goods and services that can be produced whilst using all of the available factor resources efficiently". Following diagram shows Production Possibility Frontier: C A Output of good Y B Output of good X b) The PPF curve is bowed out from origin because when the company allocate more recourses to produce good Y, they reduce the same resources from the production of good X. The amount of resources forgone from X to produce good Y is called opportunity cost. When the extra output that will get from allocating more recourses to good Y may fall this is known as diminishing return. This sometimes happen because all factor inputs are not equally suited to produce all goods. However when the opportunity cost of producing two goods are constant the PPF curve will be a straight line. Following diagram shows straight line PPF curve. Output of good Y 200 Y 160 X 60 90 Output of Good X c) Opportunity cost is the next best value forgone in order to make a decision. According to (Wilkinson...
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...NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE MIL-STD-961D 22 MARCH 1995 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-961C 20 MAY 1988 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE FOR DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS AMSC D7117 AREA SDMP DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. MIL-STD-961D FOREWORD 1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense (DoD). 2. DoD 4120.3-M, “Defense Standardization Program Policies and Procedures,” discusses the different types of specifications used by the DoD. This standard establishes practices for developing performance and detail specifications prepared by or for the DoD. This standard covers the requirements for "standard" performance and detail specifications, meaning specifications that are used on multiple programs or applications. 3. It is DoD policy to give first preference to developing and using performance specifications. If it is not practical or effective to use a performance specification, a non-Government standard should be used. If it is not practical or effective to develop and use a performance specification or non-Government standard, a detail specification may be developed and used, but only as a last resort. 4. There are two primary objectives for the changes to this standard. First, for the DoD to meet its military needs in the current economic and political environment, it must increase access to an expanded industrial base that can meet defense needs at lower costs with state-of-the-art...
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...Theme: “Beyond Perfect Competition – Markets in Reality” Title of the paper: Imperfect Competition, Financial Market & Effective Demand By St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata (Autonomous) Hemangi Desai Email: hemangi221@gmail.com 9874630182 Abstract: We construct an effective demand model involving interaction between the real sector and the financial sector. The commodity market is imperfect. We explain price stickiness in terms of Kaleckian Mark-up pricing. The financial assets are money, government bonds and a risky asset, say equity or stock. The model is an extension of Krugman’s model of international financial multiplier and the model can explain not only the fall in asset prices but also its recessionary consequences. The paper also contains policy recommendations to overcome the financial meltdown. JEL Classification: E60, E61. Keywords: Mark-up pricing, financial meltdown, effective demand. Section 1: Introduction The global financial system is currently in meltdown. Stock markets have been falling most days, money markets and credit markets have shut down as their interest-rate spreads skyrocket, and it is still too early to tell whether the raft of measures adopted by the US and Europe will stem the bleeding on a sustained basis. A generalized run on the banking system has been a source of fear for the first time in seven decades, while the shadow banking system - broker-dealers, non-bank mortgage lenders, structured investment vehicles and conduits...
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...Features • Compatible with MCS®-51Products • 2K Bytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory • • • • • • • • • • • • – Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles 2.7V to 6V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Two-level Program Memory Lock 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM 15 Programmable I/O Lines Two 16-bit Timer/Counters Six Interrupt Sources Programmable Serial UART Channel Direct LED Drive Outputs On-chip Analog Comparator Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes Green (Pb/Halide-free) Packaging Option 8-bit Microcontroller with 2K Bytes Flash AT89C2051 1. Description The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C2051 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89C2051 provides the following standard features: 2K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 15 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, a precision analog comparator, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C2051 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable...
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...3GPP TS 25.422 V5.1.0 (2002-09) Technical Specification 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; UTRAN Iur interface signalling transport (Release 5) [pic] The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organisational Partners and shall not be implemented. This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organisational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organisational Partners' Publications Offices. 3GPP Postal address 3GPP support office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Internet http://www.3gpp.org Keywords UMTS, radio Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © 2002, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, CWTS, ETSI, T1, TTA, TTC). All rights reserved...
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...GENERAL STUDIES SYLLABUS FALL SEMESTER 2015 ------------------------------------------------- COURSE NAME | MUS 1101 - Music Appreciation | CLASS MEETINGS | North Metro Campus (NMC): 20867: M – W: 12:00 – 1:15, Rm: 109. 20868: M – W: 1:30 – 2:45, Rm: 109. Marietta Campus (MC): 20945: T – TH: 3:00 – 4:15, Rm: B160. 20836: T – TH: 10:30 – 11:45, Rm: B160. | CAMPUS/ROOM | Room 231 – Mountain View Campus, Mornings. | CREDIT HOURS | 3 | PREREQUISITE | ENG 1101 with C or better. | INSTRUCTOR | Pedro R. Rivadeneira Ph.D. | FACULTY EMAIL | privadeneira@ChattahoocheeTech.edu | OFFICE HOURS | Online Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays or any other time that works for you. | TEXTBOOK and other resources you will need. | Text Book: The Enjoyment of Music, 12th ed. Shorter Version, 2011, Kristine Forney, Andrew Dell’antonio and Joseph Machlis with the Online Study Space which includes Video and iMusic Examples and also the e-book. New York: Norton & Company. The e-book is recommended, it has everything you’ll need; text, visual and listening examples all in one place which you can stream and it is cheaper than the paper copy of the book. For instructions as to how to access or purchase the online materials you are going to be needing for this course go to the “Lessons” tab in Angel, then...
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...Introduction The legislation process of Anti-Monopoly Law has been indeed a long journey. The new AML is a tremendous leap forward for China, bringing China into the modern world of antitrust and competition law. The law, which aims to prevent dominance of any one company, was first proposed in 1994. But its pace was slow until 6 years later because of pressure from big state-owned companies and multinationals that had just started doing business in China. It wasn't until 2001, when China joined the World Trade Organization, did the process accelerate. In August 2007, the law was finally passed by the National People's Congress. Although the measure compromised with state-owned enterprises, which dominate industry, people tend to believe it will make way for free market competition against monopolies. It's gained a lot of praise and set a milestone in China's legal history. In our daily life, we can face several kinds of monopolistic practice, for example, if your grocery store sells you a bag of tea with the condition that you buy a pound of sugar that would be a tie-in sale. In this paper, first, I will show the detail in the China competition law, then I will specific the monopolistic practice in Price discrimination which I think we usually face most in our society, and in the last part will be the impact of the Anti-monopoly law. China competition law On 30 August 2007, after more than a decade of legislative efforts, the Standing Committee of the National People’s...
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...Existing Schedule | |Proposed Schedule | | | |25 June 2011 8:00 AM -11:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM |5 |25 June 2011 8:00 AM -12:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM |7 | |02 July 2011 8:00 AM -11:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM |5 | | | |09 July 2011 8:00 AM -11:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM |5 |09 July 2011 8:00 AM -12:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM |8 | |16 July 2011 8:00 AM -11:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM |5 | | | |23 July 2011 8:00 AM -11:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM |5 |23 July 2011 8:00 AM -12:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM |7 | |30 July 2011 8:00 AM -11:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM |5 |30 July 2011 8:00 AM -12:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM |8 | | |30 hours | ...
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