...APUSH Study Guide 8 A weak Confederacy and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Themes/Constructs: The federal Constitution represented a moderately conservative reaction against the democratilizing effects of the Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. The American Revolution was not a radical transformation like the French or Russian revolutions, but it produced political innovations and some social change in the direction of greater equality and democracy. The American Revolution did not overturn the social order, but it did produce substantial changes in social customs, political institutions, and ideas about society and government. Among the changes were the separation of church and state in some places, the abolition of slavery in the North, written political constitutions, and a shift in political power from the eastern seaboard toward the frontier. The first weak government, the Articles of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican...
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...Name: ____________________________________________________ Class: ___________ Newsies Viewing Guide Disney, 1992 121 minutes During the late 1800s and early 1900s, newspaper tycoons like Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hurst greatly relied on “newsboys,” also called “newsies,” to help sell their newspapers. This was a form of child labor that was typical during the era of the Industrial Revolution. The movie Newsies (Disney, 1992) is about a group of newsboys struggling to make a living in 1899. When the price they have to pay for the newspaper is raised, they create their own labor union to fight against the newspaper tycoons. Watch Newsies and answer the following questions! Then watch “The Strike-The True Story” to learn about the true story that inspired the movie Newsies! (Each answer below is worth 4 points.) 1. As you view the movie, notice the “signs of the times,” or the signs of the Industrial Revolution era. Find and describe examples of the following: a. Growth of industry: _____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ b. Urbanization (growth of cities): ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ c. Immigration: ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________...
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...For thousands of years, most people on earth lived in abject poverty, first as hunters and gatherers, then as peasants or laborers. But with the Industrial Revolution, some societies traded this ancient poverty for amazing affluence. Historians and economists have long struggled to understand how this transition occurred and why it took place only in some countries. A scholar who has spent the last 20 years scanning medieval English archives has now emerged with startling answers for both questions. Gregory Clark, an economic historian at the University of California, Davis, believes that the Industrial Revolution -- the surge in economic growth that occurred first in England around 1800 -- occurred because of a change in the nature of the human population. The change was one in which people gradually developed the strange new behaviors required to make a modern economy work. The middle-class values of nonviolence, literacy, long working hours and a willingness to save emerged only recently in human history, Dr. Clark argues. Because they grew more common in the centuries before 1800, whether by cultural transmission or evolutionary adaptation, the English population at last became productive enough to escape from poverty, followed quickly by other countries with the same long agrarian past. Dr. Clark’s ideas have been circulating in articles and manuscripts for several years and are to be published as a book next month, "A Farewell to Alms" (Princeton University Press). Economic...
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...To understand how industrialization changed the world, starting in Britain, it is vital to look at how the world operated pre-industrialization. Living conditions were awful all around the world prior to the 1800’s. The world did not yet have adequate technology to defend itself against natural disasters, famines, and diseases. In addition, some places were not able to sustain enough resources for the population as it increased. Although these problems existed around the world, “before 1800 income per person —the food, clothing, heat, light, and housing available per head—varied across societies,” creating a gap before industries came to widen it. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Britain did not have as much income as China did. Britain’s land made it difficult to farm, exposing the difficulties of what an ever growing population did to society. In his book, The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Kenneth Pomeranz demonstrates how Britain’s, like the rest of Europe’s, “disadvantages were concentrated in areas of agriculture, land management, and the inefficient use of certain land intensive products.” Without the ability to provide enough...
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...Unit 9 Change Over Time Essay Changes and Continuities of Women’s and Industrial Workers’ Roles during the Industrial Revolution With time, changes are made. With the changes that are made, society makes the attempt to build upon them so that the continuity of that society will flourish. There were many changes that were results from the Industrial Revolution. Some of these effects were very substantial, such as the change if women’s roles, and the change of industrial workers’ roles. The amount of continuity does not compare to the amount of change in any shape, form, or fashion. The Industrial Revolution had remarkable effects on the people of society that were contemplated as a part of the “lower class”. Due to the occurrence of this event,...
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...outline of world economic history is surprisingly simple. Indeed it can be summarized in one diagram: figure 1.1. Before 1800 income per person—the food, clothing, heat, light, and housing available per head—varied across societies and epochs. But there was no upward trend. A simple but powerful mechanism explained in this book, the Malthusian Trap, ensured that short term gains in income through technological advances were inevitably lost through population growth. Thus the average person in the world of 1800 was no better off than the average person of 100,000 BC. Indeed in 1800 the bulk of the world population was poorer than their remote ancestors. The lucky denizens of wealthy societies such as eighteenth-century England or the Netherlands managed a material lifestyle equivalent to that of the Stone Age. But the vast swath of humanity in East and South Asia, particularly in China and Japan, eked out a living under conditions probably significantly poorer than those of cavemen. The quality of life also failed to improve on any other observable dimension. Life expectancy was no higher in 1800 than for hunter-gatherers: thirty to thirty-five years. Stature, a measure both of the quality of diet and of children’s exposure to disease, was higher in the Stone Age than in 1800. And while foragers Figure 1.1 World Economic History in One Picture. After 1800 income in some societies rose sharply, while in others it declined. satisfy their material wants with small amounts of work...
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...Industrial Revolution Name Institution Industrial Revolution |Essay about the Industrial |[pi|[pi|[pi| |Revolution |c] |c] |c] | |The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from hand tools, and hand made items to machine manufactured and | |mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as co2 levels in the atmosphere rose,| |working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music and | |architecture and man's way of looking at life all changed during the period. Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive but | |also dire consequences. | |Before the first industrial revolution, England's economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers would buy raw materials from | |merchants, take it back to their cottages, hence the name, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually was owned and managed by one| |or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by | |capitalism. This industry was efficient but the workers, productivity was low, making costs higher. The longer it took...
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...The Industrial Revolution was a worldwide transition which led to quick industrialisation starting off in Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s, before expanding to other areas such as Asia and the Americas. This essay aims to explore how the Industrial Revolution affected the textile industry in India and Iran as a result of the amalgamation of the webs into a single cosmopolitan web, where communication, new inventions and technology were easily shared within different aspects of the world. During the course of this essay, the focus will be on the emergence of the Industrial Revolution and the discovery of fossil fuels as a cheap energy source, and how this affected the British position in the textile industry. Furthermore, factors affecting...
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...PASIG CATHOLIC COLLEGE College Department Course Syllabus Course No: History 1 Course Title: Philippine History Credit Units: 3 I. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course deals with the history of the Philippines from the ancient past to the present scene to the pro-Filipino point of view. It aims to enrich the students’ knowledge of our history and character as a people thus, instilling in them the spirit of Filipinism. The students’ learning of the history of our country will be facilitated thru the use of the interpretative method because in history interpretation is more important. Similarly, it aims to give the students the knowledge, values and skills with the integration of PCC core values and religion as the core of the curriculum to effectively deal with the reconsideration of the facts of our history as a people. II. OBJECTIVES At the end of the course, the students should be able to: a. Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the facts of our history as a people from the point of view of the Filipinos for excellence thru classroom participation and academic achievements; b. Apply knowledge of Philippine History interpreted from a Filipino standpoint in their daily life toward efficient and effective respect for human dignity, Christian discipleship and responsible stewardship thru life witnessing; and c. Express gratitude and appreciation of the heroic deeds of the great men and women of the Philippine History as...
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...forced China to launch Lin Zexu’s Anti-Drug Campaign in 1839. As a result, this campaign was viewed as a violation of the trade agreement with Britain and helped led to the First Opium War. China isolated themselves from the western world, believing they didn’t need anything from foreign trade. For eight decades, the only port that China opened was called the Canton System. The problem was China only wanted silver in exchange for their exports to Europe. Unfortunately, Europe only traded in gold and silver was hard to come by. Desperate to resolve the foreign trade, Britain realized they can acquire such a commodity in opium from India to exchange for exports in China. The trade of India’s opium started as a medical drug in the early 1800’s between China and Britain. Eventually, it triggered massive dependences throughout China’s society that affected the rich and poor equally. Before long, the demand for the drug was overwhelming, resulting in China importing more opium than exporting trades. Thus, resulting in an imbalanced foreign trade and stability of China’s society. A decree issued in 1810 from the Chinese Emperor stating, “Opium is a poison, undermining our good customs and morality...However, recently the purchasers, eaters, and consumers of opium have become numerous. Deceitful merchants buy and sell it to gain profit….We should…prohibit opium and to search for it at all gates.” Unfortunately, the decree made little or no impact on the opium trade and the British...
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...tried to voice his opinion in his essay, A Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal Law, where he stated that colonists did not favor this law because the colonists felt they were being deprived of their human rights. His essay was published in the Boston Gazette and was widely read. John Adams became better known, both through his essay and through his law career, his final burst to fame was soon to come. On March 5, 1770, a group of British soldiers fired out into a crowd of people and killed three of them. This event later became known as the Boston Massacre. Adams was appointed to defend the British soldiers and did so, with much conviction. Despite the negative public opinion of the soldiers, Adams was able to convince the jury that the soldiers were innocent. Though there was a negative reaction to the jury’s decision, by those like his cousin Samuel Adams, (John) Adams gained more respect, from opponents and allies, alike. When asked why he defended the soldiers, when he didn’t approve of the soldiers in Boston, he would reply that everybody deserves a fair trial. In 1774, John Adams attended the first Continental Congress in Philadelphia where he pushed for independence. Unfortunately, little was accomplished. Fortunately, for Adams, Congress would meet again. In 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord took place. The second Continental Congress met as a result of the two battles and would govern the patriots during the American Revolution. John Adams was there, strongly...
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...DAVID DAMIETE DOKUBO 0-7682090 THE REASON FOR THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA, AND WHY THE AFRICANS COULDNT STOP COLIONIALISM. During the scramble for Africa, the Europeans basically had a lot to prove to each other. It is very easy to understand that at the time (1800-1900) European countries still struggled in crude ways to show dominance. This fact however couldn’t have single handedly driven the Europeans to Africa. There were also very rational reasons why. In this essay, those reasons will be stated. There were economic causes. The 1800s were very economically unsettled times that even lead to a depression in 1873. During this period, every industrial country was hurt, and Britain was seriously affected. Britain relied on raw materials, thus damaging its balance of trade. It also shouldn’t be forgotten, that there was a serious competition between newly industrializing nations that had new factories, and cheap labor. There was also the problem of political direst. These issues are known to arise in a state of economical instability. Europe at the afore mentioned time, experienced that problem. Britain particularly was undergoing significant changes in their system. The country that was once used to a unified political party system, had to evolve to a more fragmented patchwork of special interest groups like labor unions, landowners, bankers, industrialists etc. The people in power were eager for a new cause to unite the people when it mattered. In the year 1871, the...
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...Civil War Reconstruction Essay The civil war was a time of great distress in the nation: Americans fighting against Americans, Americans’ homes and businesses being torn up, and American families being destroyed. Happiness was few and far between, since no one could escape the catastrophic war. The war is remembered by many names, such as the Second American Revolution or the half-accomplished Revolution. The names vary, but the memory still rings true. The war was monumental and tragic, but it united us all. The nicknames of the Civil War varied throughout the nation, at one point in time, but today the common history has united us all and all sides see the reason behind the names. After the war had ended in the mid-1800’s the South and the North were at odds with each other. The South had wanted to leave the United States and the North had prevented them from doing so, at the expense of over 600,000 American deaths (American Civil War History). The South believes that this war was a lost cause, since they believed they were justified in when they seceded from the nation. They thought that the North’s growing abolition movement put...
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...HISTORY 1500 WINTER 2014 RESEARCH ESSAY TOPICS 1. Select a crusade and discuss the extent to which it accomplished its objectives. Why did it succeed or fail? Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution...
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...The Origins of Government Essay During 1765 to 1800, the control of the Colonies and eventually the United States dealt with countless issues to create the system that governs the citizens of the United States today. Starting in 1765 with the passage of the Stamp Act by the British empire, to 1798 with the election of Thomas Jefferson as President in 1800 by the Colonial government, the Colonial government fought to remove itself from constant threats to the liberties and freedoms of the American people, and the greater good as well as to preserve its intended purpose for as long as it was able to. After gaining independence, Americans created a government that is still somewhat used to this day. Differing from an empire, Americans created a new one from the ideas of antimonarchism. Under the Articles of Confederation, the power was given to the states as opposed to a centralized government. However, this made it difficult to raise income. Without the power to tax, congress could not pay back debts. Also, needing nine out thirteen votes from the states to pass a law made it almost nearly impossible to get anything done. Also, lacking an executive to carry out the laws of congress made those laws ignored by the states. Political leaders such as Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams, and Alexander Hamilton all had concerns about competing interests that would weaken the government and were inflexible in their efforts to prevent it from being crushed under the weight...
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