...STUDY GUIDE (Quiz 2) “Getting Started on Your First Speech” (pp. 579-594) DISCLAIMER: This guide highlights some of the most important concepts addressed in the textbook readings for which you are accountable in Quiz 2. Review this material as you prepare for the quiz. Not everything in this guide will be on the quiz, and not everything on the quiz will derive from this guide. Indeed, you should carefully review the readings for other noteworthy facts, terms, or concepts that you might encounter on the quiz. KEY WORDS Topic selection Ethical behavior Plagiarism General purpose Specific purpose Thesis statement Audience definition Facts Statistics Examples Testimony Analogies Introduction Body Conclusion Language Fillers Stages of speech tension SUMMARY Putting together an effective public speech requires good planning. In order to construct and to deliver such a speech, you should follow an eight-step process. First, decide on a topic. Before choosing a topic, make sure you know the amount of time you have to speak, your level of knowledge about the topic, and the needs of your audience. Second, resolve to demonstrate ethical behavior throughout the process. This requires you to use accurate and current information, to rely on sound reasoning, to present a speech based on your own independent research and views, to cite sources, and to quote and to paraphrase correctly when you present information that is not your own. Third, determine the general purpose, specific purpose...
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...Actually A Gender Segregation Gap” published on Forbes Magazine website on April 2nd 2015. Tim Worstall, the author, is making a rhetorical argument on why the employment of men and women in Silicon Valley is divided into different sets of occupations, in order to find alternatives that might help solving the issue. At first sight the editorial seems persuasive and well written; nonetheless, at a closer look it evinces several flaws (such as unfounded arguments and instances of hasty generalization) that affect the overall credibility and cogency. The first factual argument of the writing, namely a report showing a significant gender pay gap both in general and specifically within the tech companies (para 1) aims at consolidating Worstall’s thesis; however, since he fails to cite the source, the reliability of his claim cannot be proven and the argument loses its strength. This specific, epideictic piece of evidence is then extrapolated into a deliberative argument when Worstall states that the report might actually depict a segregation of employment fields between men and women: while men are usually found in the engineering domain, women seem to graduate in different fields that prevent them from getting the same high paid jobs as men. He further explains this assumption by citing Simon Baron Cohen’s work which divides the human brain into empathic versus systematic, women belonging more to the former...
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...University of Danang. - Information Resources Center, University of Danang. 3 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. RATIONALE The effectiveness of a speech depends on many factors, including the mood of the crowd, the ability of the orator, the situation the crowd confronts, the topic of the speech and the using of words- the using of stylistic devices. The goal of any political speech is persuasion - you want to bring the crowd around to your point of view, whether that means convincing them to vote for you. So the frequent and wide use of stylistic devices is an important characteristic of political speeches which is an effective way to make these speeches more attractive, lively and more persuasive. A stylistic device is an example of the figurative use of words, which produces a particularly rhetorical effect when people use the language creatively in a specified context so all politicians use stylistic devices in political speeches. In the realm of discourse analysis, the typical linguistic features of political speeches have so far been the focus of attention of many linguists and researchers. However, there are not many studies of the language used in political speeches, especially stylistic devices used in political speeches of...
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...But at the same time, he uses the word we when talking about immigrants, establishing ethos by showing the intended audience (immigrants) that he, too, is a Digital Immigrant. Even with the said, the word “immigrant” is used twenty-seven times throughout this article – Prensky’s technique for strengthening the negative connotations of it. At one point, he even writes, “school often feels pretty much as if we’ve brought in a population of heavily accented, unintelligible foreigners to lecture them” (2). Prensky’s diction here is deliberately making out Digital Immigrants to be “different.” His referring to them as “unintelligible foreigners” is his method for creating an “us versus them” mentality and again utilizing pathos in an unorthodox manner. Not only does Prensky draw a line between immigrants and Natives, but he re-enforces that divide as he continues making his argument. Aside from that, Prensky begins to use diction such as obvious (2) when referring to Natives and of course (3) when discussing an Immigrant’s disadvantage, imposing his belief that Natives are the “norm” and immigrants should learn to keep up. This belief alone is enough to encourage some immigrants to begin accommodating for their students. At this point, he is moving passed identifying educational issues from an Immigrant’s perspective, and beginning to analyze them with the underlying condescending tone that immigrants are the ones at fault...
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.................................................................................... 4 Structure ......................................................................................................................... 6 Corporate Social Responsibility ........................................................................................... 8 2.1 Defining CSR................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Corporate Citizenship ................................................................................................ 10 2.1.2 The Triple Bottom Line ............................................................................................. 10 2.2 Profits versus Social Responsibility ............................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Milton...
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...Argument Essay Unit: Lesson Plan and Class Activities Global Learning Outcomes for this Unit *In the course of completing the assignment students will: • Learn to compose an argumentation-oriented thesis • Defend their thesis with academic-quality research that is properly sourced and cited as per the standard of university level writing • Anticipate and respond to counterarguments • Learn to critically engage the revision process through draft writing, instructor conferencing, and peer commentary • Respond the work of their peers as peer reviewers while providing relevant, productive feedback Class 1 – Introducing the Classical Argument Essay *Daily Learning Outcomes: • Reflect on Informative Essay • Introduce Classical Argument Essay • Break down the assignment sheet *Activity 1: Individual Reflection / Class Discussion (15 min) - Students open their portfolios and journals then reflect for ~10 minutes on their experiences during the Informative Essay Unit - Discuss reflections as a class *Activity 2: Introduce Classical Argument (20 min) - Have students bring a hard copy of the assignment to class with a highlighter: a. Get into groups of 4 b. Read the sheet aloud, highlighting all the action verbs c. Discuss the sheet as a group as instructor makes rounds *Activity 3: Mini-Lecture on Assignment /Questions (15 min) - Powerpoint slides “The Features of an Academic Argument” - Allow time for student questions...
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...Argument Essay Unit: Lesson Plan and Class Activities Global Learning Outcomes for this Unit *In the course of completing the assignment students will: • Learn to compose an argumentation-oriented thesis • Defend their thesis with academic-quality research that is properly sourced and cited as per the standard of university level writing • Anticipate and respond to counterarguments • Learn to critically engage the revision process through draft writing, instructor conferencing, and peer commentary • Respond the work of their peers as peer reviewers while providing relevant, productive feedback Class 1 – Introducing the Classical Argument Essay *Daily Learning Outcomes: • Reflect on Informative Essay • Introduce Classical Argument Essay • Break down the assignment sheet *Activity 1: Individual Reflection / Class Discussion (15 min) - Students open their portfolios and journals then reflect for ~10 minutes on their experiences during the Informative Essay Unit - Discuss reflections as a class *Activity 2: Introduce Classical Argument (20 min) - Have students bring a hard copy of the assignment to class with a highlighter: a. Get into groups of 4 b. Read the sheet aloud, highlighting all the action verbs c. Discuss the sheet as a group as instructor makes rounds *Activity 3: Mini-Lecture on Assignment /Questions (15 min) - Powerpoint slides “The Features of an Academic Argument” - Allow...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Theory What is communication; ● ● ● “The process by which people interactively create, sustain and manage meaning” (D&Z, p 2), It is how we plan, control, manage, persuade, understand, lead, love, and so on, Competent communication: both effective (achieving goal) and appropriate (follow social expectation). What is theory; Theory is about what we know and how we know it. ● Theories provide an abstract understanding of the communication process (Miller, 2002), ● A lens through see the world, which highlights some things (and ignores others!) (D&Z, 3), ● A systematic summary about the nature of the communication process. There are 3 types of theories: 1. Commonsense theory -Created by an individuals own personal experience, -Useful to us and are often a basis for our decisions about how to communicate, -These theory’s are not supported by research. 2. Working theory -Generalizations made in particular professions about the best techniques doing something, -Practical and more systematic than commonsense theory. 3. Scholarly theory -The theory has undergone systematic research, -Provides more thorough accurate and abstract explanations for communication, -They are often more complex and difficult to understand. Evaluating theory; These are some criteria for evaluating the usefulness of the theory. Not good or bad. What to look for Accuracy Has the research supported that the theory works the way it says it does? Look at the research...
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...Using Facebook to Teach Rhetorical Analysis Jane Mathison Fife The attraction of Facebook is a puzzle to many people over the age of thirtyfive, and that includes most college faculty. Yet students confess to spending significant amounts of time on Facebook, sometimes hours a day. If you teach in a computer classroom, you have probably observed students using Facebook when you walk in the room. Literacy practices that fall outside the realm of traditional academic writing, like Facebook, can easily be seen as a threat to print literacy by teachers, especially when they sneak into the classroom uninvited as students check their Facebook profiles instead of participating in class discussions and activities. This common reaction reflects James King and David O’Brien’s (2002: 42) characterization of the dichotomy teachers often perceive between school and nonschool literacy activities (although they are not referring to Facebook specifically): “From teachers’ perspectives, all of these presumably pleasurable experiences with multimedia detract from students’ engagement with their real work. Within the classroom economy technology work is time off task; it is classified as a sort of leisure recreational activity.” This dichotomy can be broken down, though; students’ enthusiasm for and immersion in these nonacademic literacies can be used to complement their learning of critical inquiry and traditional academic concepts like rhetorical analysis. Although they read these texts daily...
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...essay reconstructs communication theory as a dialogical-dialectical field according to two principles: the constitutive model of communication as a metamodel and theory as metadiscursive practice. The essay argues that all communication theories are mutually relevant when addressed to a practical lifeworld in which “communication” is already a richly meaningful term. Each tradition of communication theory derives from and appeals rhetorically to certain commonplace beliefs about communication while challenging other beliefs. The complementarities and tensions among traditions generate a theoretical metadiscourse that intersects with and potentially informs the ongoing practical metadiscourse in society. In a tentative scheme of the field, rhetorical, semiotic, phenomenological, cybernetic, sociopsychological, sociocultural, and critical traditions of communication theory are distinguished by characteristic ways of defining communication and problems of communication, metadiscursive vocabularies, and metadiscursive commonplaces that they appeal to and challenge. Topoi for argumentation across traditions are suggested and implications for theoretical work and disciplinary practice in the field are considered. Communication theory is enormously rich in the range of ideas that fall within its nominal scope, and new theoretical work on communication has recently been flourishing.’ Nevertheless, despite the ancient roots and growing profusion of theories about communication...
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...Elements of an Essay/Research Paper Writing Process The series of steps that most writers follow in producing a piece of writing. The five major stages in the writing process are finding a topic and generating ideas (discovering), focusing on a main or controlling idea and mapping out an approach (organizing), preparing a rough draft (drafting), reworking and improving the draft (revising), and proofreading and correcting errors. Discovering – The first stage in the writing process. It may include finding a topic, exploring the topic, determining purpose and audience, probing ideas, doing reading and research, planing and organizing material. Discovery usually involves writing and is aided considerably by putting preliminary thought and plans in writing. Organizing – The sequence in which the information or ideas in an essay are presented. Drafting – The stage in the writing process during which the writer puts ideas into complete sentences, connects them, and organizes them into a meaningful sequence. Revising – The stage in the writing process during which the author makes changes in focus, organization, development, style, and mechanics to make the writing more effective. Editing – The last stage in the writing process during which the writer focuses on the details of mechanics and correctness. Discovering Audience – The readers for whom a piece of writing is intended. Many essays are aimed at a general audience, but a writer can focus on a specific group of readers...
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...THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS ON THE WORK OF THE INTERNAL HUMAN RESOURCE PROFESSIONAL by Julie A. Paleen Aronow A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master of Science Degree in Training and Development Approved: 4 Semester Credits Dr. Kat Lui The Graduate College University of Wisconsin – Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin – Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Aronow Julie Ann Paleen ________________________________________________________________________ (Last Name) (First) (Middle) THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS ON THE WORK OF THE INTERNAL HUMAN RESOURCE PROFESSIONAL ________________________________________________________________________ (Title) Training and Development Dr. Kat Lui May 2004 65 ________________________________________________________________________ (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association, 5th Edition ________________________________________________________________________ (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The coveted epicenter for the contemporary human resource professional is partnering with other internal business leaders to fulfill the organization’s mission through sound and ethical business principles and human resource practices. Over three decades, the discipline has matured into one that includes transactional practices along side the more sophisticated organizational development...
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... Developing Supporting Material 9. Locating Supporting Material 10. Doing Effective Internet Research 1 Citing Sources in Your Speech 1. 36 37 49 57 64 73 83 PART 3 • ORGANIZATION 1 Organizing the Speech 2. 1 Selecting an Organizational Pattern 3. 1 Outlining the Speech 4. 92 93 103 1 10 PART 4 • STARTING, FINISHING, AND STYLING 15. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 16. Using Language 1 22 1 23 1 31 PART 5 • DELIVERY 1 Choosing a Method of Delivery 7. 18. Controlling the Voice 19. Using the Body 1 39 1 40 1 44 1 48 PART 6 • PRESENTATION AIDS 20. Types of Presentation Aids 21. Designing Presentation Aids 22. A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 154 155 161 164 PART 7 • TYPES OF SPEECHES 23. Informative Speaking 24. Persuasive Speaking 25. Speaking on Special Occasions 1 74 1 75 188 21 7 PART 8 • THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND 230 26. Typical Classroom Presentation Formats 27. Science and Mathematics Courses 28. Technical Courses 29. Social Science Courses 30. Arts and Humanities Courses 31. Education Courses 32. Nursing and Allied Health Courses 33. Business Courses and Business Presentations 34. Presenting in Teams 35. Communicating in Groups 231 236 240 243 246 248 25 1 253 258 262 APPENDICES A. Citation Guidelines B. Question-and-Answer Sessions C. Preparing for Mediated Communication D. Tips for Non-Native Speakers of English Glossary Notes Index 267 268 282 284 286 290 309 323 This page intentionally left blank A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking THIRD...
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...of character traits? With the help of a model, provide a brief description of each. 5. Describe techniques of motivating your audience. 6. What is the difference between thinking and structuring? What three guidelines should underline the thinking process? 7. What is feedback? What are the keys to giving and receiving the feedback effectively? 8. Analyze the elements of nonverbal communication 9. Write a note on the structure of a presentation. 10. What are the task functions and process functions of chairing a meeting? Explain. Q. 1: Briefly explain the three theories of communication suggested by Mary Munter. Ans: There are three basic theories of Communication • Electronic Theory • Social Theory • Rhetorical Theory 1. Electronic Theory: This theory is called the mathematical or electronic theory of communication [1] Electronic theory deals with the transmission of the messages from one place to another place. This is very famous theory and describes the technical way of sending messages from sender to receiver. The concept of this theory is based on the electronic language of the computer. For sending messages to some...
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...Copyright © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-180360-1 MHID: 0-07-180360-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-180359-5, MHID: 0-07180359-9. E-book conversion by Codemantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. Trademarks: McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, 5 Steps to a 5 and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw-Hill Education and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property...
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