...The Construction and conservation of the Abbey-Church of Saint-Foy in Conques By John Lester Art History 409, Fridays April 25, 2014 There are a thousand different architectural styles that can be utilized to build a church of God but Romanesque is one of the most beautiful architectural styles. The abbey-church of Saint-Foy has endured in its Romanesque form for nearly a millennium. Saint-Foy abbey-church was named for the reliquary in its possession and is located in the small town of Conques (Fig. 1). The initial founders, during the medieval period thought this site was gorgeous, a haven from the external world and the perfect location for a church. The original monastery was built in the eighth century by monks who wanted to escape Muslim persecution. They also brought the reliquary of St-Foy, which was stolen by a Benedictine monk from another monastery and installed in 866. Because of the theft of the reliquary this church was able to expand by becoming an important stop for pilgrims traveling to Santiago de Compostela. The monks started building the new church around the 11th century and finished by the middle of the 12th century. The distinctive look, Stages of construction, as-well-as architectural frame and decorative sculptures makes this abbey-church a very important and beautiful stop for the pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Just like many other pilgrimage churches, St.-Foy is a crucifix form plan. Galleries were built on top of aisles...
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...Romanesque sculptures intended use had an educational objective: to illiterate people and teach the Bible. Most sculpture of the Romanesque period is Biblical and pictorial. An abundant variety of themes can be found on capitals and includes scenes of the Creation and the Fall of Man, scenes of the Old Testament which prefigure the life of Christ, his death and resurrection. Many scenes of the Nativity occur with the Three Kings being especially popular. The Santo Domingo de Silos Abbey, in Northern Spain, the cloisters and Moissac are outstanding examples surviving complete. Some features of Romanesque churches were the prevalent sculptural scheme, used to cover the areas surrounding the portal or, in some case, much of the facade. The purpose and intent of the Romanesque sculptural scheme was to convey a message to the Christian believer; that they should recognize wrong-doing, repent and be redeemed by Christ. A great example of this, the Last Judgment, emphasizes to the believer to repent. The Crucifix, carved or painted and prominently displayed within the church, reminds the sinner of redemption....
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...various other elements. One element, the antae, has been believed to be a translation into stone of the corner posts of timber prototypes; however this idea is very controversial. For example, the Romanesque church at Kilmalkedar Co, Kerry provides us with some insight into the skeuomorphic package designs which includes “stone copies of end rafters, finials, and shingles in the form of small, carefully squared blocks of stone.” (O Carragain) This particular church holds high significance and has more skeuomorphic design elements than any other church found. The complex arrangement has also been found in Norwegian stave churches. Kilmalkedar shows detail of both antae and a stone roof in the northern most corner, and unusual finding. It appears as if there are skeuomorphs of bipartite wall plates, and eaves in between the corner post and end rafters. The eave course may indicate that that this was based off of a wooden roof of Romanesque type, where the triangular roof frames extend beyond the lateral walls of the building. Moving on, according to chapter one of Ó Carragáin’s report, and the Book of Kells, there has been recordings of a distinctive outwards thrust in some early medieval churches found throughout Denmark and various other countries in continental Europe. The tresses found in these particular churches are not necessarily common in Ireland, but there is a similarity that is worth mentioning. When contrasting the antae as antae we notice that it is a...
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... who in 250AD was dragged through streets because he refused to worship pagan gods. St. Sernin is the largest Romanesque church in Europe and it reflects the religious traditions and spiritual symbols of its time. Devout Christians would undertake long pilgrimages in order to visit and venerate the relics of saints and martyrs. These large numbers of people traveling created standard routes from one monastery to another also known as "Pilgrimage Roads". The pilgrims believed that taking journeys to visit these sites would act as a penitence or honor for them. The St Sernin monastery was a wonderful choice for those who could not travel to Jerusalem or Rome. The monastery also housed the relics of saints, donated by the Charlemagne. It became a major cultural factor of the Romanesque period that each chapel would have different relics funded by wealthy donors To accommodate the large number of visitors, the churches changed their designs. The Romanesque style concentrated mainly on achieving massive proportions, rounded vaulted bays, the round arch, the wall buttress, cylindrical apse and chapels, and towers. With double aisles and with an aisled transept and an ambulatory surrounding the apse, pilgrims could make the circuit around the church and were able to stop for meditation and prayer at the apsidal chapels off the transept. Another feature of Romanesque churches is the addition of “radiating chapels”, chapels that "radiate" or project like the spokes of a wheel...
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...harmoniously in a language from long ago, which eludes us at the frontier of our memory reminding us of stories told throughout the years. History of Gothic Art Gothic is the name given to the style of architecture, painting, and sculpture which flourished in Western Europe, mainly France and England, between the 12th and 15th centuries. The label of 'Gothic' was coined in Italy, during the Renaissance, as a derogatory reference to the art and architecture of these earlier centuries. The defamation was a comparison to the earlier Goth barbarians. Goths were an ancient Teutonic people, who were an important power in the Roman world from the 3rd to the 6th century AD. The entire Goth population divided into the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths, aligned themselves with the Roman Empire, and set out to conquer and rule. It is during this timeframe that the artistic influence of the Goths took hold and began to spread, mixing Gothic and Roman artistic styles. With the passing centuries, Gothic became more clearly associated with the closing era of the medieval age. In time, the separating point between the Gothic and Roman design would set around the distinctive style which followed the Romanesque era. During the Gothic age communication of craft and style was limited by the physical travel of small guilds of craftsmen. Over time, original ideas imported from earlier sites evolved into new forms, which reflected refined technique and regional influence. This influence...
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...art. Both are Gothic in nature from two different centuries. Contrasts and similarities will be discussed. The historical nature as well as how it may or may not have changed will be covered as well. The buildings chosen were the S. Maria Novella and the Segovia Cathedral. The first cathedral S. Maria Novella was created in Florence, Italy from 1456 to 1470 C.E. It is Gothic with an Italian Renaissance facade. (Artifice, 2013) As it is a building of course it is three-dimensional. Green and white marble was used in the construction. Load bearing masonry technique was used in order to use marble in such a way, as it would support the weight of construction. The artist made two different styles combine to look as one. Originally Romanesque in style, Alberti “used large curved triangular to bridge the gaps from high and low roofs”. (Bramblett, 2013) As a house of worship at that time it had to represent the Lord on earth and in the Middle Ages this meant it had to be almost regal in splendor. The way Alberti combined the two styles was an attempt to pay homage to the Roman Pantheon. The interior completely Gothic in style had scrolls of religious stories as everyone was unable to hear the sermons in a building of such great size. The function of this piece is a house of worship, the predominate religion of the time was Catholic. Not did it fit the style of the era as places of worship were as grandiose as palaces but this particular cathedral was the “blueprint” for those...
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...ARTS TEACHERS’ GUIDE Grade 9 ARTS Teacher’s Guide Unit I WESTERN CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS GRADE 9 Unit 1 ARTS TEACHERS’ GUIDE GRADE 9 Unit 1 WESTERN CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and arts of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARDs The Learner: demonstrates understanding of art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills demonstrates understanding that the arts are integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences and other external phenomenon ...
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...Romanesque means “In the Roman manner” Display solid masonry walls, rounded arches, and masonry vaults characteristic of imperial Roman buildings. Following the death of Charlemagne and subsequent re-fracturing of his empire, Europe continued to be divided into many small political and economic units ruled by powerful families. France had close linguistic and cultural ties to northern Spain. However, by the end of the twelfth century the lands in the île-de-France region Henry the IV rules Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. William of Normandy in Pilgrimage: With a new found economy, the popularity of religious pilgrimages began to rise. The most popular destinations being the Constantinian Churches in Rome, the church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. It is here where the body of Saint James, one of the twelve apostles, is distinguished by being the first apostle martyred. He was also...
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...This film starts with a “cheerful” animation of elves singing and dancing with animals and flowers. It was supposed to be cheerful animation, yet to me, it seemed creepy because the animals were not as cute as Disney animals, flowers had mouths but no eyes, and the elves looked like creepy dolls just like in horror films like “Dead Silence” and it became more creepy when the cheerful animation stopped and dissolved into a grave yard shot, and the narrator started explaining that it was not the type of movie we were about to watch. When the narrator starts introducing the three orphans, Violet, Klaus, and Sunny. The first shot looked similar to the painting “Persistence of Memory” by surrealist painter Salvador Dali. In each shot, one of them was in a barren field surrounded by a body of water with a few dead trees. It was expressing the loneliness of the children and was as if telling, if they make a mistake, they will die. The title of Dali’s painting matched with one of the children Klaus’s characteristic too. Klaus remembered everything he reads; “Persistence of Memory.” House of Count Olaf was very Gothic. His entrance door shape was a pointed arch. As soon as the children come inside the house, there are flying buttresses around the entrance. Most of the light source looked like sunlight through the windows, which is another characteristic of Gothic architecture. Natural lighting made the interior look cold and dirty. The word “Gothic” was used by Giorgio Vasari to...
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...Myra Garcia I'm just going to start off by saying this Gothic era is one of my favorite eras of all time, For one second I do not believe that this was an era art decline. I think this was an era of fascinating Buildings and awesome glass art like the Stonemasons and sculptors looking at this glass art is just cool they way they were even able to make such detail into glass. Almost like they were trying to show you that you can make art out of anything that nothing is impossible they were getting even more creative. With the Romanesque influences you can see it in the cathedrals and the other buildings. But with the new Gothic cathedrals it says in the chapter that this was an era of “technological innovations”. I really agree with this statement because with the buildings they had lofty masonry rib vaults on point arches help by flying external buttresses and internal illuminated with mystical light steaming through huge colored glass windows. That right there just shows you the that this truly was an era of technological innovations because the way they were able to build these monstrous cathedrals is amazing. I also liked the fact that some of these cathedrals real but the name in Gothic to me they looked really big and a little spooky I mean by no mean did half of these cathedrals look anywhere near a place of worship they looked dark and gloomy almost like a haunted house. An example of what I am talking about is looking at the West Facade of Saint Maclou ,rouen...
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...are Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic. Arriving in the spotlight first is Byzantine art. Originating from the Byzantine Empire, this style's art revolved around mosaics and icons. Usually wooden, icons were small paintings of holy figures such as Berlinghiero's "Madonna and Child". Byzantine art did not display these saints in grandeur and color but in still, flat forms, often...
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...Romanesque architecture and Gothic architecture styles as well as literature writings of Dante was two of many great "first" ofthe High Middle Age period that impacted the Western legacies. Romanesque and Gothic architecture is very popular styles in Christian churches and bulidings. The literary writing of Dante, the arthur of one of his most famous writings, the Divine Comedy, is known for creating a pathway for many, many poets to be creative and very detailed with writing. Both of these "first "legacies have impacted not only the western civilaiztion but artists and builings all over the word. Romanesque architecture and Gothic architecture period both occurred during the Middle Ages with the Gothic period taking place during the later half. Gothic and Romanesque architecture were related in many ways, but they also contrasted in style too. Over time, masons began to test the waters and push the limits. They thought of new ways to add lighting and ways to allow more height to the building without it being to heavy and weak. Many of the reasons for the change in styles had a lot to do with society and the changes it faced. There was a greater intensity occurring in piety and literature. The Gothic style embodied this new urban society. Romanesque and Gothic shared similar characteristics, but Gothic architecture was a greater departure from its previous predecessor. Each of these eras had their own structural innovations that changed the way architects and builders designed...
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...The Christian Science Mother Church was built in the Romanesque Revival style indicating that it was constructed during the mid 19th century. This period in architecture was dived into two portions. First there were those buildings constructed between 1840-1850 which had a more of a gothic exterior. This style of building did not gain traction with the American populous and by the 1860’s was replaced with a style ushered in by notable architect Henry Hobson Richardson. These new style was named colloquially as “Richardsonian” for the distinctly American influences to classic Romanesque revival. This style used a variety of arches and pillars that are mimicked in the design of the Christian Science Mother Church, therefore indicating that the church was built after 1860. One of the main ways to identify Richardsonian buildings is through the use of masonry archways. These archways are semicircular and are used for both windows and doors. As seen in the photo there are many archways used for entrances to doors and also used to hold stain glass windows. Oftentimes there are multiple arches stacked against each other. This is known as the archivolt of compound arches and is featured in the buildings windows and doors. The windows’ of the Mother Church are...
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...The west front of Ely Cathedral exemplifies this development. It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it with a style where light appears to triumph over substance. The Gothic style was a totally new style in its day that transformed castles, churches, and...
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...The collapse of the Roman Empire broke the unity in Western Europe. Different cultural patterns and styles began to merge and take on new forms. A common theme throughout medieval art is religion. Architecture focuses mainly on the construction of churches, where Christians would come to worship. Throughout time, the style of church architecture transforms from being relatively simple and true to the balanced proportions of Roman buildings, to the churches that extend to a much greater height and increase in complexity. Christian iconography was another major form of art during the medieval times. While this was a consistent style throughout the time period, the method of representing Christian figures evolved. The three majors of style of art that reflect the ideology of medieval art include Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic style. The Byzantine Style comes from the Byzantine Empire, which survived the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 (Jarus). The architecture from...
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