...Independent States # 3-5 CIS Countries in the 21st Century # 5-9 Offshoring Strategies and Potential # 9-12 IT Infrastructure # 13-16 CIS Countries in the Future # 16-21 Appendix # 22 References # 23-25 Introduction to the Commonwealth of Independent States - Andrew Tate The Commonwealth of Independent States is a regional area that includes countries from the eastern part of Europe as well as countries from the Middle East part of the world. These countries include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Each of the countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Independent States are former parts of the Soviet Republic, which broke up along with the former Soviet Union, with the official date of the CIS formation being marked as December 8, 1991. The “founding” countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States were the Republic of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine, with eight other countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) joining the CIS 13 days after the formation(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States). According to 2008 statistics, the total population of the countries that make up the Commonwealth of Independent States is approximately 276,917,629 people. The Gross Domestic Product came in at an estimate of a total of $2,906,944,000, which equates to a per capital total of $10,498. Each of the...
Words: 5878 - Pages: 24
...of significant social development in Russian society? Tsar Nicholas II’s abdication on 2nd March 1917 marked the end of Tsarism’s iron grip on Russia and the subsequent revolution was the clearest possible sign of political and social upheaval. Finally, its people had tired of their nation’s own backwardness and were looking for improvements to an archaic system which they had endured for hundreds of years. Seldom does a revolution succeed without violence being an integral part of its development, and the Russian revolution was no exception. However, there are economic and political factors that helped contribute to the outbreak of this civil disobedience, which must be considered. Underpinning these issues is the stark difference in the social dynamics of Russia between the early 19th century and the early 20th century. The social dichotomy that had presented itself was one that no other European power had experienced. Russia was the only European super-power to still employ serfdom by the time of its termination, for its roots had been deeply embedded in Russian culture. Historian Jonathon Bromley believes the longevity of serfdom was because it “served the economic interests of the nobility and the political interests of the Tsarist state.” This implies that the economic policy and political foundations of the country were predicated on its social structure; therefore social stability was pivotal in preserving the Tsarist regime. The deeply entrenched social structure had...
Words: 5215 - Pages: 21
...The impact of English loanwords on the Russian lexis for the recent decades Introduction Russian people for a long time have been involved into the political, commercial, scientific and cultural relations with other nations. At the same time the Russian language has been replenished with words from other languages. Loanwords from ancient languages Greek and Latin, words from Dutch, German, Polish, Ukraine and other languages mastered the Russian language in different historical periods without prejudice to its national identity, but rather enriched and expanded its range. Those words named new things, products, concepts, etc. Russian language vocabulary contains approximately 10% of borrowed words, most of which are nouns (Proshina (2006). Among those borrowings are many words from the English language. The most considerable penetration of English words in Russian language is observed in the late 80's - 90's of the last century with changes in political, economic, cultural and moral orientation of society. The Reconstruction and the collapse of Soviet Union have brought considerable changes both as in foreign policy relations so as in the lexical sphere of Russian language. This period is characterized by the democratization of the socialist governance of the country to the Western model. The reconstruction in the political structure of governance had played an important role in the appearance of words such as: president, vice-president, minister, prime-minister, mayor...
Words: 3802 - Pages: 16
...Belarus Belarus, officially known as the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country located in the north-east of Europe and has international borders with 5 countries: Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. The capital of Belarus is Minsk, a modern international city located in the centre of the country, it is considered modern because it has been destroyed and rebuilt numerous times, most recently after World War 2, when it was almost completely destroyed, also because Belarus an important trade and transport route between Europe and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). The country of Belarus is divided into six administrative districts, each centred around a major city: Brest Region, Homel Region, Hrodna Region, Magileu Region, Minsk Region and Vitebsk Region. After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than have any of the other former Soviet republics. Alexander Lukashenko has been the country's president since 1994, the country is run through authoritarian means and a centralized economic system, the government also has restrictions on freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion. Cultural trends - Religion: Religion in Belarus is considered a unifying factor since 80% of the population are Eastern Orthodox while only 20% are of other religions. But the Government restricts religious freedom both actively...
Words: 1385 - Pages: 6
...STALIN, THE GREAT PURGE, AND RUSSIAN HISTORY: A NEW LOOK AT THE ~EW by MARSHALL SHATZ Paper No. 305 1984 CLASS' STALIN, THE GREAT PURGE, AND RUSSIAN HISTORY: A NEW LOOK AT THE 'NEW CLASS' ~ MARSHALL SHATZ Paper No. 305 1984 Marshall S. Shatz received his B.A. from Harvard College and his M.A., Certificate of the Russian Institute, and Ph.D. from Columbia University. He edited The Essential Works of Anarchism (New York: Bantam Books, 1971; Quadrangle Books, 1972) and is the author of Soviet Dissent in Historical ¥erspective (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980). He is Professor of History, University of Massachusetts at Boston. 1 STALIN; THE GREAT PURGE; AND RUSSIAN HIsroRY: A NEW IOOK AT '!HE • NEW CLASS' Though nearly fifty years in the past; Stalin •s Great Purge of the 1930s still loans as one of the nost enigmatic events of the twentieth century. Whether we think of the Great Purge as a IOOre or less continuous process fran the assassination of Kirov in 1934 to Ezhov's replacement by Beria as head of the secret police at the em of 1938; or limit it to the EzhoVshchina of 1937 and 1938; When the terror reached its peak; operation is astounding. the sheer nagnitude of the The nuniber of arrests; deportations; imprisonments; and lives lost in these years is impossible to measure; and attempts to do so have varied wildly. Even the lOi/est estimates; however; are staggering.l It ...
Words: 13189 - Pages: 53
...There are many factors in the Western and Eastern Ukraine due to the decline in the statehood and culture in the 18th century. The west and east had many differences during this time. The east wanted to follow Russia and the west wanted to keep the Ukrainians laws because that is what they believed in. Western and Eastern Ukraine was divided by a river called the Dnipro. I will be talking about a few factors about the west and east to show how different they were during the 18th century. Western Ukraine is not emotionally, culturally, and politically to Russia and they continued speaking their language which was Ukrainian and their language was strong in the central and west part of the Ukraine. They remained under Polish rule and had dominance...
Words: 880 - Pages: 4
...While some historians claim that this was the first genocide of the 20th century, others claim that Ottoman Empire deported the Armenians for their safety, when the empire was so close to collapse. There consequent situtations led many Armenian people to immigrate to the different parts of world. The biggest Armenian population except Republic of Armenia is located in Russia as around 2,2 million. After Russia, United States is the second most populated Armenian diaspora, estimated around 1,4 million. Turkey, France and Georgia are also other countries that host many Armenian people. Moreover, Armenians spread whole over the world but in the case of diasporas; Russia, USA, France and Turkey’s Armenian diasporas are well known and very active. Armenian Diaspora in Russia Armenians in Russia are mostly located in big cities like Moscow, Krasnodar and St. Petersburg. Afterwards Sovıet Union had been collapsed, there were more than estimated 2 millions Armenians living across all over the Russia. There are notably famous and important Armenians that born in former Soviet Union and continue their lives in Russia; Sergey...
Words: 978 - Pages: 4
...How important to the united states management of its cold war diplomacy were relations between the USSR and china in the years 1962-76?- why did sino-soviet relations begin? To what extent was the deterioration in sino-soviet relations in the years 1958-69 due to personal rivalries? (Why the split happened) * Ideological differences * Both sides disagreed over how best to pursue the notion of a communist revolution. * The Soviets had Cominform and China had her own version of communism based on a rural society. * When Khrushchev came to power he reassessed the Soviet interpretation of communism, taking it back to a purer Leninist view point, this intensified ideological differences further. * Khrushchev’s belief that Capitalism was doomed to fail and so expansionism and aggression were unnecessary (peaceful coexistence) was juxtaposed with Mao’s adherence creating a communist revolution and military involvement to protest communist comrades e.g. Korean War. * Mao also wanted to continue with Stalin’s Five Year Plans and devised his own version The Great Leap Forward campaign launched in 1958 to increase industrial and agricultural progress. The campaign involved building dams, reservoirs, roads and establishing communes and setting up small-scale steel and iron furnaces in country areas.- This policy was a disaster resulting in at least 17 million deaths and prompted, due to frustration, Soviet withdrawal of economic aid in 1960. Individuals ...
Words: 1374 - Pages: 6
...Culture and time have an unambiguous, progressive relationship. As time goes on, so does culture. Furthermore, as culture moves on, so do people and their understanding of it. No more are humans indoctrinated to completely understand the cultural setting of every other known existing civilization. Granted, a few are taught in depth about past groups, and, likewise, have a better understanding of their arts and social relationships. Nonetheless, not all modern humans are trained to this capacity. Therefore, in creating a movie from an aged story designed to reach the masses, one must consider differences in cultural understanding and the strongest ways to communicate ideas from the past. Of course, those core ideas themselves must be timeless for this concept to work, even if surrounding methods of presentation must be altered....
Words: 1671 - Pages: 7
... between the United States and Russia, at war because of the these core principles. Democracy and Totalitarianism are on the opposite end of the spectrum. Democracy adheres to a political system which the people are over the government, and the people elect representatives on their behalf. Totalitarianism, is where one person is in complete control encompassing all human life and outlawing opposing political parties. As a generality, democracy goes with individualism, while totalitarianism goes hand in hand with...
Words: 1259 - Pages: 6
...America today is probably the number one country with the most cultural diversity with yet not much culture at all. America has so much diversity because America accepts immigrants from all around the world, these immigrants making up social groups such as; Italians, Asians, Chinese, African Americans, Polish, Germans, Arabs, Indians and so on. Culture comes from each of these social groups. Culture is the behaviors, ideologies, and molding principles of a group, each social group has its own beliefs such as celebrations, rituals, art, style of cooking and more. This causing culture to be a huge impact in society. Culture impacts me in almost every aspect of life, because it is everywhere around me. One of the biggest ways culture impacts me...
Words: 1031 - Pages: 5
...http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/franks/classes/131b/perm/radicalsdocuments.html#nechaev Documents on the Revolutionary Movement, c. 1861-1881 1. Revolutionary Proclamations of 1861 and 1862 2. Nechaev's Program, 1869 3. Nechaev's "Catechism of a Revolutionary," 1869 4. Petr Lavrov, 1870-1873 5. Palen's Description of the Movement "To the People," 1875 6. Program of the "Land and Freedom" Group, 1878 7. Program of the "People's Will" Group, January 1, 1880 Document 1. REVOLUTIONARY PROCLAMATIONS OF 1861 AND 1862 Although Russia's Emancipation of 1861 went further than that of the same period in the United States, some of the radicals were disappointed. They voiced their anger in revolutionary proclamations like the two excerpted here. The novelist M. I. Mikhailov, who helped write the first, was arrested in September 1861 for distributing subversive literature and was sentenced to hard labor in Siberia. The second proclamation, widely distributed in Saint Petersburg in May 1862, caused a great stir and is considered to be historically significant in the development of the Russian revolutionary movement. P. G. Zaichnevskii, who wrote it with a group of fellow prisoners and sent it to the underground printer via a sentry, said later that as of 1862 neither he nor his coauthors had yet read the Communist Manifesto. Reference: Mikhail K. Lemke, Politicheskie protsessy v Rossii 1860-kh gg., 2d ed. (Moscow: Gosizdat, 1923), pp. 63-64, 69, 70, 74-75 [1861 item]...
Words: 7720 - Pages: 31
...Weibo is being censored is explained. According to previous theories, internet cannot be regarded as a safe and free place for ideas and liberated speeches, Weibo is a good and exaggerated example as it is born in China--a nation long been considered to be less democratic. But is it really true? Was the limit of speech and media censorship really necessary? How does China want to assert them? Introduction As the 'Arab Spring' had cause enormous shake in the Middle East and north Africa, we had witnessed other great overthrows of regimes, and internet undoubtedly participated as a important role in the movement. When another civic protest took place in numerous western countries, we can also sense the huge power emanated by the social networks. The Chinese government was well aware of this, and they had foreseen the danger and unrest that these social networks could bring, 2 years earlier Twitter was officially shut sown---possibly because of the riot in Xinjiang one month before the blocking--and Weibo appeared as a Chinese replica to replace it. As theories have been given suggesting that internet is not a insurance for democracy of freedom of speech, Weibo is an exaggerated example to explain them. This is because the Chinese government is more careful with these new inventions and is stricter when they are facing dissidents. It is beyond doubt that Weibo had offered Chinese internet with more vigor and freedom. It created a new fashion of internet...
Words: 3102 - Pages: 13
...Russian word. But the language - it is a self-developing mechanism that is able to self-clean, get rid of excessive, unnecessary. This happens with foreign words, borrowing which was presented during the trial. The novelty of this study lies in the interpretation of the theme, hence its relevance, which is determined by the importance of the English language in the life of Russian society. The subject of the work is to study the borrowing of Anglicisms in modern Russian decades. Abstract. Damage to the culture of the language - clogging his jargon, the trend towards illiterate use of language structures and units in spoken language - is an obvious problem of youth culture of speech. Our everyday speech - is not only an indicator of the level of literacy, aesthetic development of human presence in his cultural values, but also a means to reflect these characteristics of the society as a whole. It also is an important factor in the formation of spiritual culture, moral and intellectual development of the younger generation. And so the purpose of this paper is: by analyzing the English loan words to show the impact that English is the everyday...
Words: 2225 - Pages: 9
...Vygotsky. He was born in 1896 and died in 1934 from tuberculosis at the age of 38. He was a major advocate for sociocultural theory. During his short life he developed more than 100 books and articles. Vygotsky referenced western psychologists and because of this he was banned from Russia for years. Vygotsky’s writings and ideas have resurfaced over the past several years to help the education and psychology fields. One of the famous works of Vygotsky was the Zone of Proximal Development. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Vygotsky’s theory is a cognitive development theory. His theory is based on that imaginative play and the social atmosphere play a vital role in a child’s development. His theory shows how the social influences shape a child’s learning and thinking. Vygotsky believed that our mental states connect with our social interactions. His theory is how a more educated person teaches a child. Language is an important part in Vygotsky’s theory. In Woolfolk (2013 pg. 58), He believed that “thinking depends on speech, on the means of thinking, and on the socio-cultural experience”. There are three areas to Vygotsky’s theory. They are the social sources of individual thinking, the role of cultural tools in learning and development, and the zone of proximal development. The Zone of Proximal Development also known as ZPD is when a child is in between the two stages of their current development when applying the independent problem solving skills and the development that they...
Words: 1147 - Pages: 5
