...Ruth Bader Ginsburg completed a lifetime's worth of work in her years before being nominated by Clinton to become an associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Ginsburg was born on March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York. Ruth Bader Ginsburg was repeatedly brought too the library by her mother, which instilled in her a faculty to learn. Ever since Ruth was little, her mother had played a tremendous part in her career. The day before Ruth's graduation of high school, her mother passed away due to cervical cancer. In 1954, Ruth graduated from Cornell University at the top of her class. She had met her husband, Martin David Ginsburg at Cornell University, and they married the year she graduated. Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Martin...
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...discrimination more subtle than that? Terry Moran takes us inside the debate on the biggest job discrimination case in American history. Terry? TERRY MORAN (ABC NEWS) (Off-camera) Well, Diane, there's no question at all this is a huge victory, and not just for Walmart, but for corporate America as a whole. And it will have a tremendous - impact on women coming together to fight discrimination in the workplace. GRAPHICS: BATTLE FOR EQUALITY DIANE SAWYER (ABC NEWS) (Voiceover) For the women of Walmart who charged they'd been denied equal pay and promotions because of their gender, it has been a decade of struggle against the world's largest company. BETTY DUKES (PLAINTIFF IN WALMART STORES V. DUKES) This ten-year battle so far has definitely been worth the journey. But we are definitely marching forward. TERRY MORAN (ABC NEWS) (Voiceover) But the Supreme Court just made it a lot harder. Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the crucial opinion for the court, which ruled that "the women of Walmart had failed to show that the company has an actual policy of discrimination that worked to harm all female employees. To sue about literally millions of employment decisions at once, plaintiffs need some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together," Scalia said from the bench. All three women on the court dissented, along with Justice Stephen Breyer. And Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg shot...
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...Pepsi-needle claim was made in Washington State on Friday. That weekend, The FDA issued a five-state alert advising consumers to inspect their Diet Pepsi. FDA chief Donald Kessler told the public to empty the contents of the can into a glass or cup before drinking. On Sunday night came a similar claim from a woman in the Cleveland area. By 9:30 AM Monday, June 14th, there was another claim. And by the time the day was over, 8 more had been made. At PepsiCo headquarters in Somers, NY the Pepsi public affairs crisis team huddled, hoping that the new reports would not hit the media. But on Monday afternoon, a New Orleans man was telling CNN his syringe story, and by Monday evening it was the number two story on the Associated Press headlines (Ruth Bader Ginsburg being nominated to the Supreme Court was #1). That night, Pepsi crisis counselors decided to fight the media crisis with media. "If you're going to conduct...
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...constitution?” The Nature of the Dilemma According to Professor Jonathan Oberman – a professor of law and longtime director of the criminal defense clinic at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law – three Supreme Court cases taken together may determine whether Encinia’s actions were legally justified. The first is Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, a 2001 case in which the high court determined that it is lawful under the Fourth Amendment for a law enforcement officer to arrest a person who has been stopped for a routine traffic violation. The second case is Rodriguez v. United States, a case the court just decided in April, which posed the question: During a routine traffic stop, what duration is considered legally legitimate, and under what circumstances can that duration be lawfully extended (Kleinman, 2014)? In this case officer Encinia was within the law to stop Bland and issue a citation, but at that point he was obligated by law to conclude the stop. Instead he chose to have an extended conversation with her which led to the back and forth verbal altercation that eventually led to her being taken out of her car and subsequently slammed into the ground and assault by Encinia and his partner. That’s where Pennsylvania v. Mimms, a 1977 Supreme Court case, comes...
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...caused many debates. It was declared a fundamental right by the U.S. Supreme Court during Roe vs. Wade, yet many people beg to differ. The ones who believe it is right identify themselves as pro-choice, believing that abortion is a woman’s right and that it should not be limited by governmental or religious authority. Identifying as pro-life, the opponents believe that it is immoral killing and that personhood begins at conception. No matter what each side thinks, there will always be arguments about it. The choice to abort a fetus is central to a woman’s independence and ability to determine her own future. "A woman's autonomy to determine her life's course, and thus to enjoy equal citizenship stature,” stated by Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg during Gonzales vs. Carhart (2007). A woman’s decision can affect her life for the good or the bad, but if abortion was illegal, then a woman cannot make the best decision for herself. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote, "The ability of women to participate equally in the economic and social life of the Nation has been facilitated by their ability to control their reproductive lives," in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). Women were given rights to vote in 1920, giving them more freedom of speech, and abortion was legalized in 1973, giving women a choice. If women are given this option, then shouldn’t they be able to choose how they please? The biggest argument is that abortion is murder. Unborn babies are considered...
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...Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued cases about women's rights in front of the Supreme Court. Ruth Bader Ginsburg advocated for gender equality, inspired others to fight for equal rights, was the second woman on the Supreme Court, and changed laws on gender equality. Advocating for gender equality made Ruth Bader Ginsburg eminent. She strongly advocated gender equality during her life (“Ruth Bader Ginsburg”, 2022). Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued cases about gender equality in front of courts. Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued more than 300 gender equality cases (Capstone, n. d.). She always voted in favor of equal rights for everyone. She was said to be liberal (“Ruth Bader Ginsburg”, 2022). In 1980, she became a member of the U. S. Court of Appeals (Capstone,...
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...Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, one Supreme Court Associate Justices, has moved the Supreme Court in her way and made great contribution on women’s right. Miss Ginsburg is tiny and her face at rest conveys a pursed-lipped skepticism. She always dressed in exotic shirts and acted like a seated monarch. During the conversation, she usually made a lengthy pause before she talk that can be unnerving especially in Supreme Court. As one member of Court’s liberal quartet, Ginsburg has united the four Justices to speak in a single voice, especially when they are in dissent. Ginsburg was born in a Jewish family. In her early life, Her mother took an active role in her education and took her to the library in often. However, her mom struggled with career and dead the day before her graduation ceremony, which made big effect on Ginsburg’s life. Years later, when President Clinton stood with Ginsburg in the Rose Garden to announce her nomination of Supreme court, she finally thank her mom “to my...
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...In the United States vs Virgina, Virginia Military Institute (VMI) had a long-standing tradition of male-only admission but, was being brought to attention. VMI was established in 1839 as a state supported/run institution, the institution was designed to Quote “produce citizen-soldiers who become leaders in both, military and civilian life”. This specific case started in the supreme court of Virgina when a female filed a case in the circuit court, but had ultimately failed for her with VMI getting the favorable ruling. The female argued that VMI denied her admission because of her gender, at that time nothing was yet proven.She later also stated that it also violated the 14 amendment of the united states constitution, with the evidence of the violation was considered by the circuit court it then sought approval for it to move to the supreme...
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...to vote, and now a chance to have equal pay. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act was passed due to help from other Supreme Court cases, interest groups, and public opinion. Lilly Ledbetter worked for Goodyear Tire Plant in Gadsden, Alabama for fourteen years as a production supervisor (-----). Ledbetter remained on the job even though she experienced sexism, “the plant did not need women, that [women] did not help it, [and caused problems]” (-----). She stayed due to the salary she was receiving, which at first was in line with the salaries of men performing the substantially similar work, but over time her pay slipped in comparison to the pay of male area managers with equal or lesser seniority. Ledbetter was compensated approximately $3,727 per month, however the lowest paid male area manager made close to $4,286 per month, and the top paid made nearly $5,236 (------). In total Ledbetter made...
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...currently has eight associate justices; this number can be fixed by Congress. The Supreme Court has a mission statement that states "The Supreme Court is the highest tribunal in the nation for all cases and controversies arising under the Constitution or the laws of the United States. The Court stands as the final arbiter of the law and guardian of constitutional liberties." It is the highest federal court in the United States and has jurisdiction over all federal courts and state courts. Who are the current members? Provide a brief summary of each. John G Roberts Jr.; Chief Justice. From Buffalo, New York, and born on January 27 of 1955, thus making him sixty years old. He attended Harvard University; he received his bachelor's degree in 1976 and his JD in 1979. He has had much experience in law, from assisting law, associate to various presidents, such as Ronald Reagan, to the US Department of Justice. He was nominated by former President George W. Bush to be Chief Justice; he has currently been active since September 29, 2005. Antonin Scalia; Scalia was born in Trenton, New Jersey. He was born on March...
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...United States are; 1.) Karan, Elena 2.) Alito, Samuel A., Jr. 3.) Roberts, John G., Jr. 4.) Breyer, Stephen G. 5.Sotomayor, Sonia M. 6.) Ginsburg, Ruth Bader 7.) Thomas, Clarence 8.) Kennedy, Anthony M. 9.) Scalia, Antonin 2. The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) enacted in 1996 states that, for the purposes of Federal Law, the words “marriage” and “spouse “ refer to legal unions between one man and one woman., Since some states have allowed same sex marriages. The Federal Government ruled DOMA unconstitutional under the 5th Amendment. According to the article, Edith Windsor and Thea Syper were married in Toronto, Canada. They moved to New York where the stated recognized same sex marriages. Thea Syper died and left her estate to her spouse Edith Windsor. However, the Federal Government taxed the estate for $363,000 due to their marriage not being recognized by Federal Law, had the marriage been recognized the estate would have qualified for a marital exemption and not taxes exposed. 3. The District Court held thhat DOMA. Was unconstitutional . The U. S. Supreme Court of Appeals for the Second District Affirmed. This case impacts the lives, of Americans due to some Americans do not agree with same sex marriages and does not care to see it. Christians that believe that God made marriage for a man and a woman will not like it. This Case impacts Americans lives in some will commit hate crimes as a results. Some Americans would rather their children not be exposed to such. Making...
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... Justices are appointed by the president then approved by the senate. Lifetime appointment was established in 1789 and there have been 112 justices since then. The purpose of lifetime appointment is for justices not to worry about their court rulings getting them thrown out of office. However just like anything else this system comes with pros and cons. To begin with as a person ages, their mental capacity may begin to dwindle, impacting decision making and their ability to comprehend what is going on entirely. One of the current Justices, Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born in 1933, making her 84 years old. She may be...
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...Many great cases begin with a situation and the assistants feeding the situation. The citizen who began it all was a white female named Abigail Fisher. Fisher applied to the University of Texas at Austin and was denied because of affirmative action, thereby she felt like her federal civil rights laws and constitutional rights were dishonored. She decided to bring her case to the courts. The Supreme Court’s final decision permitted affirmative action to thrive in college admissions, but enforced a hard legal criterion, presiding that schools must demonstrate there are “no workable race-neutral alternatives” (para 1) to attain diversity on campuses. University’s president, Bill Powers said the college would protect its approach (students at the top 10% of their class are admitted with race being a...
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...of force or threats. The 5th amendment rights are also called Miranda rights (Purpura,1997). Cases and Court Opinions The most definitive case of the 5th amendment rights was Miranda v. Arizona (Lee, 2004). Miranda was questioned concerning his alleged kidnapping, robbery and rape. Without the knowledge that he was incriminating himself, he confessed to the crime. Later, an attorney challenged the court that Miranda was not aware of his rights and any and all evidence presented was admissible. The court agreed, and he was released from prison after 11 years. The court’s opinion was that the defendant’s rights were meant to equalize the vulnerability inherent in being detained, so as not to result in government abuse. Any evidence acquired when the Miranda rights have not been read is admissible, except in routine questioning and traffic stops. Routine examination entails establishing identity, address and the security number. Statements made before an arrest and voluntary statements do not violate these rights (Hornberger, 2012). It is, therefore, essential that the public understands their fundamental rights so as to avoid manipulation and government abuse. The Supreme Court expanded upon the plain language of the 5th amendment rights, reconciling the police powers with the fundamental rights of citizens within the constitution. J.D.B. v. North Carolina was another controversial case where the police interrogated a 13-year old special education kid without reading him his Miranda...
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...decisions stemming from the court ought to be born out of the Constitution. In theory, Constitutionalism within the court then, could be defined as the “the practice of ensuring that the spirit of the Constitution is the deciding factor in all court cases brought before SCOTUS”. (Pettit 2011) Shapiro explained that the court must create policy without violating neutrality, “not in terms of philosophic, jurisprudential, or historical correctness of the concept of neutral principles.” (Shapiro 1964) It is understood...
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