...Abstract Pollution of waterways from land use and urbanisation has been identified as one of the key pressures on estuaries and their associated biodiversity. The accumulation of heavy metals and bioavailable pollutants in sediments jeopardises the health of the waterways and associated biodiversity and aquaculture. Sydney Harbor is one of the most polluted in the world due to the intense urbanisation around its tributaries and historical pollution that gets reintroduced with anthropogenic activities like dredging- with our findings showing highest proportions of sediment along the river being of adequate size to form aggregates with pollutants. The dynamic nature of estuaries is also in jeopardy due to global warming caused rises in mean water levels, flooding areas and reducing viable habitat- supported by lower levels of copepods and other macroinvertebrates and zooplankton, and shifts in mangrove populations. Estuaries are a significant coastal feature in that they represent the interface between freshwater rivers and the saline ocean (Statham, 2012). The mixing of the two due to differing densities creates a unique environment in which to support many organisms, some of which are dependent upon the unique tide dictated salinity regimes of the area. These interfaces are areas of high production, as inland nutrients are washed down in the river and mix with nutrient laden sea water, creating a virile and protected section of water which provides habitat...
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...Date: 08/11/15 YEARDATE | ECOLOGICALDISASTER ORCONTROVERSY | BRIEFDESCRIPTION | EFFECT ONPRIVATEINDIVIDUAL | EFFECTONCOMM. | EFFECT ONGOV. | April 26, 1986 in Chernobyl in Ukraine | Bhopal Gas Leak, Chernobyl | Several nuclear reactors exploded and killed 50 people. The real damage came later in the form of radiation-related diseases such as cancer and children with birth defects. The radiation released was 400 times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima and has rendered the entire site barren for another 200 years at least. | 800,000 men risked their lives by exposing themselves to radiation in order to contain the situation. 25,000 of these have died and 70,000 are disabled.20% of those deaths were suicides. According to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 28 of the workers at Chernobyl died in the four months following the accident. | Since then, thousands of kids have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, and an almost 20-mile area around the plant remains off-limits. Reactor No. 4 has been sealed off in a large, concrete sarcophagus that is slowly deterioratingThe environmental group Greenpeace places the eventual death toll at 93,000 cancer deaths worldwide. More than 5 million people live in areas that are considered to be "contaminated" with radioactive material from the accident | Some people have returned to the affected area with their families in order to take advantage of the government's compensation benefit.Late in 1986, Union Carbide filed...
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...Program 7 Product Strategy 7 Price Strategy 7 Promotion Strategy 8 Place Strategy 8 6. Financial Projections 9 Break-even Analysis 9 7. Organization 9 8. Implementation Plan 9 9. Evaluation and Control 10 Possible Deviations 10 Possible Solutions 10 10. Bibliography Appendices Appendix A: Bagels by the Bay Menu 11 Appendix B: Bagels by the Bay Flyer 13 Appendix C: Bagels by the Bay Coupon 14 Appendix D: Bagels by the Bay Survey 15 1. Background Bagels by the Bay is a new eating establishment located in Three Harbors, Michigan. After surveying the selection of fast food restaurants in the Three Harbors area, Jamie Johnson and Amy Smith discovered the need for a healthier eating option. Three Harbors is located on the northern shore of Lake Superior. As you may have guessed, there are actually Three Harbors surrounding the town. Currently, it is the home to about 3,500 people who earn around $30,000- $35,000 a year. As a general rule, they enjoy taking advantage of their beautiful location by engaging in many outdoor activities. They pride themselves on being a safe place to live and visit. Like many...
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...PROJECT PART 1. EXPLORATION OF RISK: CONSTRUCTION OF THE THIRD SHIPPING LANE THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL Presented to: R. Hiles PM595 Prepared by: Carlton D. Clyburn Jr. OCTOBER 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Exploration of Risks 4 III. Fault Trees 4 a. Fault Tree: Project Completion Delay 5 b. Fault Tree: Changes in Cost Projections (Overruns) 6 IV. Conclusion 7 V. References 8 Introduction Construction of a third shipping lane through the Panama Canal has begun and it is a collaboration of contractors and manufacturers from around the globe working in unison to exacting concrete and design specifications. The Panama Canal’s third lane expansion involves building enormous new locks that will accommodate the new generation of shipping vessels that are about three times the size of “Panamax” ships constructed to fit precisely in the existing canal’s lock chambers. According to the vessel glossary of the World Trade Ref, the Panamax is defined as: “An ocean-going cargo vessel of the maximum size possible to pass through the locks of the Panama Canal, which are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft deep. These vessels are typically of 50,000 to 80,000 dwt, 965ft (290m) in length; 106ft. (32.3m) beam; and 39.5ft (12.04m) draft.” The new locks on the Atlantic and Pacific entrances will consist of a trio of chambers measuring 1400ft (427m) long, 180ft (55m)...
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...New Left • The Movement • Hippies • Beliefs: anti-war, rights for everyone, university reforms • Often young radicals • Was not the majority of Americans • Loosely organized Student for a Democratic Society • was one of the most active anti-war groups. • They were also against racial discrimination and strict college rules. • Rich mans war but a poor mans fight Free Speech Movement • Berkeley students disputed over rights of students • students challenged campus police and striked in large mass • nearly decade of campus turmoil • moved along to Columbia and other colleges Weathermen • 1969 • small groups of militants that cultivated popular imgae of student radicalism= cahos + disorder • responsible for arson, bombing= destroy campus buildings + lives • tried to drive out training programs + bar military recruiters from college campuses Antiwar rallies • in protest of Vietnam war, many individuals gathered to advocate against the political minds and US presence in Vietnam • 1960s (late '60s) • organized some of the largest political demonstrations in American history Anti-draft movement • Protests against the military draft. • 1960s and 70s • only voluntary participation. Many left the country Counterculture • culture with values and beliefs different then the mainstream • 1970s Woodstock • A music festival held in New York in 1969 • the beatles, jimmy hendrix Termination • Reducing size of bureaucracy by cutting programs/agencies - reduce budget ...
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...Andrew Bertubin HST 400 Dr. Rees 10/22/13 The War of 1812 The war of 1812 was a war that many people have forgotten. However it is a war that has shaped our country to what it is today. There are many variables to take into consideration when breaking down the war and how each positive and negative action has impacted our country. Importantly enough, the battles that took place on the Great Lakes significantly determined control over the Lakes and easy access for the British from the north. One battle in particular was the battle at Lake Erie. Oliver Hazard Perry was able to lead a fleet of ships against the giant Royal Navy. Throughout this paper I will discuss the buildup of tension on the lakes, hardship of building the fleets, recruiting manpower and supplies, and the infamous battle at Put-In-Bay. All of these events have a monumental impact on how the rest of the war could have played out. During the war of 1812 America wasn’t the only country having conflict with Great Britain. Great Britain was dealing with the Napoleonic wars lead by none other than Napoleon of France. This is important because this took heavy amounts of tension off the Americans because Britain was fighting a war back home. Okay, now we turn our path to Lake Erie. Early on in the war the United States didn’t put much emphasis on the importance of Lake Erie. Not up in till a couple of events took place on the lakes did the Americans pay closer attention to the lake. The first beginning...
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...Adult Client with Childhood Disease-Cystic Fibrosis Candace Tiley GCU RN-BSN Health Assessment NRS-434V Kathy Karlberg August 01, 2013 Adult Client with Childhood Disease-Cystic Fibrosis CLC GROUP ASSIGNMENT-SPEAKER NOTES Candace Tiley #1- A clinical description and definition of the disease Definition: Cystic Fibrosis is one of the major life-threatening disorders that affect vital organs such as the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestines. It is a genetic disorder of the exocrine glands, also called the secretory glands, which are the glands that produce and secrete mucus and sweat. CF affects all races but primarily affects Caucasians of European descent. This disease affects about 30,000 people in the United States and 70,000 people worldwide. In the U.S. nearly 5% of the population carries the defective CFTR gene. There are a high number of asymptomatic carriers. (Scott, 2013) Cystic Fibrosis causes severe damages to cells of the body that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. Under normal conditions, these secretions from the body are usually thin and slippery. However, in people diagnosed with CF, the defective gene causes the secretions to become thicker and stickier. This leads to a plugging up of tubes, ducts and passageways, particularly in the lungs, sinuses, pancreas, intestines, hepato-biliary tree, and the vas deferens. (Hopkin, 2009) Cystic Fibrosis is characterized by abnormal movement of chloride and sodium ions across the epithelial...
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...Contents Definitions of Tugs History of Tugs Developments Business Level Search Managements Activities Company Interwiev Presentation of Research Findings and Evolution Conclusions References LITERATURE REVIEW Field Level Search Definitions THE TUGS It is a vessel between 80’ and 120’ in length and of 750 to 4,000 horsepower.It may be single screw or twin screw.It may have a Kort nozzle, and may even have flanking rudders.However,there is one sure way you can tell if it is a harbor tug:The mast will be bent and the visor around the wheelhouse will be dented. The description that the captain gave was accurate enough,eventhough it was very general.Most harbor tugs would fall into this range of characteristics and his reference to the bent mast and dented visor is also accurate.These battle scars are the inevitable consequence of working in close quarters situations. Most tugs are intended for general towing service,but appearance of some may indicate a specialized service for which they were originally intended of for which they were once employed.Railroad tugs have high pilothouses to give visibility over the loaded car floats.Canal boats have low wheelhouses and short stacks to enable them to pass freely under low bridges.tugs designed for shipwork have narrow wheelhouses and masts that can be lowered easily to avoid damage when working under the flare of the ship’s bow or overhang at its stern.However, the need for tugs to do shipwork increased in...
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...Reparations for Former Slaves Shaylee McCammon COM-150 January 17, 2010 Julia L.G. Kressig Throughout history there have been a number of instances in which people of a different race, religion, or cultural background were discriminated against, and it is time that the government repays those who have suffered. When someone makes public the belief that his or her race or beliefs are of more importance, he or she makes those who are of another race or have other beliefs think they are not important themselves. Those of the mistreated cultures, including former slaves and the aboriginal children of the stolen generation, are entitled to reparations for their mistreatment. These people were not only forced to believe they were not important but also that they could not believe in what their culture suggests they should. These people were forced to leave their homes and brought to strange environments, treated as if they were similar to the dirt on the ground, and forced to serve others for the extent of their lives. The treatment these cultures suffered entitles them to reparations for their mistreatment and removal from their homes and cultural beliefs. African Americans were taking from their homes around the world and brought to America to serve the white population as slaves. Slave traders often brought ships full of hundreds of slaves to this country by keeping them in such close quarters, they could hardly move around. They would put 150 to 200...
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...Mangroves are ever green forests between land and sea, found essentially in the intertidal zone and occupying large tracts along the shallow coasts, estuaries and in the deltas where they are influenced by tides, widely differing conditions of saline and rainfall regimes. The coastline of Pakistan is 1,050 km long and 40-50 km wide shared by the provinces of Sindh (350 km) and Balochistan (700 km). In the Sindh province, mangroves are found in the Indus Delta which occupies approximately 600,000 ha extending from Korangi Creek in the north to Sir Creek in the South. Indus Delta comprises 17 major creeks, numerous minor creeks and extensive mudflats and constitutes 97% of total mangrove forests found in Pakistan. Mangroves of Indus delta are unique in being the largest arid climate mangroves in the world. The survival of these forests is largely associated with perennial freshwater supplies from the River Indus, which flows through the delta before reaching the Arabian Sea. An area of 344,845 ha of the Indus delta has been declared as protected forests and is under the control of Sindh Forest Department. The Indus Delta is believed to have had as many as eight mangrove species in the past. However at present, only four species have been left. Nearly 95% of the mangroves located in the Indus Delta comprise the species Avicennia marina. Very small patches of Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum are found near the mouth of the Indus at Keti Bunder. Rizophora mucronata has...
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...Warriors Don’t Cry: Notes, Summaries, and Other Information Key Facts full title · Warriors Don’t Cry: A Searing Memoir of the Battle to Integrate Little Rock’s Central High author · Melba Patillo Beals type of work · Memoir genre · Nonfiction, memoir, biography language · English time and place written · 1990s, The United States date of first publication · 1994 publisher · Pocket Books narrator · Melba Patillo Beals point of view · The book is the story of Melba’s teenage life, and the adult writer, Melba, is both the narrator and the protagonist. Melba tells the story from the first person point of view. tone · Restrained anger tense · Past setting (time) · Early 1950s setting (place) · Little Rock, Arkansas protagonist · Melba Patillo major conflicts · The attempt made by Melba and eight other African-American students to integrate into Little Rock High School rising action · The Supreme Court rules in Brown v. the Board of Education that separate schools are not equal; Melba volunteers to go to the all-white Central High School; Melba and eight other African-American students enter Central High. climax · Ernie becomes the first black student to graduate from Central High School. falling action · Unable to return for a second year at Central High School, Melba moves to California and lives with a white family; she becomes a journalist and reports on injustices around the world. themes · The shifting of power through...
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...Knockout Mice Technology | Submitted By : Wasman ID : 11136007Course ID : BTE 402 | Knockout Mice Technology | Submitted By : Wasman ID : 11136007Course ID : BTE 402 | Modern medicine is the product of centuries of experiences in dealing with various diseases and disorders related to the human physiology. From the discovery of vaccination to the discovery of antibiotics, each medical breakthrough highlighted the success of humans in dealing with the prevailing medical issues of that time. With the discovery of the structure of DNA by Crick and Watson in the early 1950s, the focus on medical research has shifted to the understanding of the genetic cause of a particular disease. Because of this, we are now able to understand the pathophysiology behind much of the diseases that has been a mystery to us before. An example of this is cancer, which was initially untreatable, but now thanks to our ever improving understanding of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of the disease we are almost a step closer to achieving a reliable cure. In order to understand the progression of a particular disease accurately, scientists need to recreate the symptoms in a controlled environment (e.g. a laboratory) within a living organism. Such organisms are known as model organisms, because they serve as a live model which allows us to explore the workings of the disease. Due to various ethical issues, using humans as model organisms are out of the question, so scientists...
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...The Country Notebook of Cuba Economic Analysis of Cuba Population 1. Total population as of August 2015: 11 228 813 Growth rates | | Year | Population | Growth Rate | 2010 | 11281768 | -0.06% | 2011 | 11276053 | -0.05 % | 2012 | 11270957 | -0.05 % | 2013 | 11259235 | -0.10 % | 2014 | 11247525 | -0.10 % | 2015 | 11235828 | -0.06 % | | | The estimated decline of the population is 32 persons daily (Boggs and Ward 156). | | b. Number of live births: 308 live births average per day (12.81 in an hour) in 2015. c. Birthrates: 9.9 births/1,000 population as estimated in 2014. 2. Distribution of the population Age Age bracket | Number | Percentage of population (%) | 15 and below | 1 941 439 | 17.3 | 15-64 | 7 984 741 | 71.1 | 64 and above | 1 309 648 | 11.7 | Gender Gender | Number | Percentage (%) | Male | 5 647 503 | 50.3 | Female | 5 581 309 | 49.7 | Geographic areas (urban, suburban, and rural density and concentration) Geographic Area | Density/Concentration | Urban | 77% | Suburban | 13% | Rural | 10% | Migration rates and patterns Cuba exhibits around 110 emigrants average per day (-4.57 in an hour). e. Ethnic groups The whole population is majorly composed of the Cuban natives. Spanish is the Cuban national language (Chomsky, Bricmont, and Franck 456). Ethnic group | Percentage (%) | Mulattos | 51 | Whites | 37 | Blacks...
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...AC1- HUM16 Reporters: Platino, Sermae Tan, Cesalyn M. “BREAD OF SALT” By: NVM Gonzales Usually I was in bed by ten and up by five and thus was ready for one more day of my day of my fourteenth year. Unless Grandmother had forgotten, the fifteen centavos for the baker down Progreso Street – and how I enjoyed jingling those coin in my pocket! – would be in the empty fruit jar in the cupboard. I would remember then that rolls were that Grandmother wanted because recently she had lost three molars. Foy young people like my cousins and myself, she had always said that the kind called pan de sal ought to be quite all right. The bread of salt! How did it get that name? From where did its flavor come, through what secret action of flour and yeast? At the risk of being jostled from the counter by early buyers, I would push my way into the shop so that I might watch the men who, stripped to the waist, worked their long flat wooden spades in and out of the glowing maw of the oven. Why did the bread come nut-brown and the size of my little fist? And why did it have a pair of lips convulsed into a painful frown? In the half light of the street, and hurrying, the paper bag pressed to my chest, I felt curiosity a little gratified by the oven-fresh warmth of the bread I was proudly bringing home for breakfast. Well I knew how Grandmother would not mind if I nibbled away at one piece; perhaps, I might even eat two, to be charged later against my share at the table. But that would be betraying...
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...rCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[4] and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering,geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering,[4] surveying, and construction engineering.[6] Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies. ------------------------------------------------- History of the civil engineering profession Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of Civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. Until modern times there was...
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