...Current Trends of Satellite Communications and Their Application in the U.S. Military Gregory McCaleb Student # 4215642 ISSC341 Professor Alan Bowen Abstract This project paper will explore the current trends in Satellite Communications (SATCOM). There will be a focus on the application of SATCOM in the U.S. Military. The U.S. Military implements SATCOM in many ways and this paper will outline some of the current uses and capabilities of the technology. This paper will explore publications on the topic of Satellite Communications and list the differences in commercial versus military uses. Current Trends of Satellite Communications and Their Application in the U.S. Military Satellite Communications is a broad sense is sending data from one point to another point by means of a satellite in orbit. A satellite, by definition, is an object that orbits the Earth. There are natural satellites and there are artificial satellites. An example of a natural satellite would be the Moon. Coincidentally, the Moon was the first satellite used for data transmission when the United States Navy successfully conducted Operation Moon Bounce in the 1950s. Since this success, we have created artificial satellites that we can place in strategic locations and use satellite communications to its full power. The first artificial satellite ever produced and launched was Sputnik 1. Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. The satellite orbited the earth for 92 days,...
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...TITLE: Satellite Communication in Ghana-challenges and prospects Introduction Busy Internet is a Ghanaian ISP that uses satellite connectivity to bring Internet to West Africans. The operations of this ISP illustrate the reliability, versatility and efficiency of, VSAT, (Very Small Aperture Terminal) networks in delivering fast broadband Internet services. This paper discusses technical, economic and regulatory issues relating to satellite networks as a means of bringing Internet to Ghanaians, and the challenges confronting the country’s National Communication Authority and the Ministry of Communications. Waking up to the Call Satellite communication was not an integral part of the Ghanaian communications system until the early 1980s. Prior to 1981 communication within Ghana and between Ghana and the outside world was not very effective. The country relied on aging Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) Lines for voice, and terrestrial microwave networks for radio, and television. International voice, video and data communications links were limited, with most of such communications services operated by the government run telecommunications monopoly. The construction of a satellite earth station at Kuntunse in the Eastern region of Ghana in 1981, and related communication reforms of the early 1990s marked a dramatic shift towards greater use of satellite communications technology over the next two decades. Satellite earth stations and connecting equipment were installed by private...
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...CASE SUMMARY NAME Charles Daugharthy DATE March 16, 2016 CASE TITLE Communication Satellite Corporation (CSC) (1) BACKGROUND: The Communication Satellite Act was created in 1962 to mandate a national policy of a worldwide communications satellite system that cooperated with other countries. Under this act, CSC, a privately held company would represent the United States. The FCC was able to regulate CSC and this was allowed due to the recently passed Communication Satellite Act. As this industry started to grow CSC requested their first rate increase which led to a FCC proceeding. First, the FCC needed to determine CSC’s required rate of return. During the proceeding, three testimonies were given, one by Dr. Brigham, Dr. Carleton, and Dr. Myers. Brigham argued for a 12% rate of return for CSC for 1964 to September 1974 and then a 15% rate increase beginning in October 1974. His calculation for rate of return was based by taking a sample of 602 industrial firms and 56 utility firms and taking an average using the discounted cash flow model. Carlton argued for a rate of return of 7% for ‘64-‘71, 8.33% for ‘72, and 9.42% for ‘75. Carlton’s calculation was based off of a comparison to AT&T and by creating a risk premium from treasury bonds. Myers suggested required rate of return of 12%. He based his from using the CAPM model. It is also important to note that CSC is an all equity firm, which means it won’t have any debt to lean against its equity. (2) MAJOR...
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...Prior to all of this new technology, Cemex was much more manual and was run reactively by responding to phone calls, resulting in inefficiencies and slow service. The new systems now enables the company to run proactively. For example, they have developed a series of systems that assist them in managing unforecastable demand better than its competitors. The new system links Cemex delivery trucks to a Global Positioning System satellite to help dispatchers monitor the location, direction, and speed of every vehicle. This information helps Cemex to send the right truck to deliver a specific grade of cement or redirect deliveries when prompted by last-minute changes. The company has reduced average delivery time from three hours to 20 minutes, realizing huge savings in fuel, maintenance, and personnel costs. Cemex uses 35 percent fewer trucks to deliver the same amount of cement. Customers are willing to pay premium prices to Cemex because they do not have to keep work crews idle waiting for cement delivers to show up. CemexNet (satellite communications system) electronically links all the firm’s production facilities and coordinates them from a central clearinghouse. Dispatchers know the exact location, speed, and...
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...Access Control refers to the idea of preventing unauthorized persons entrance to a property, building or room. Access control systems have become a staple in secure environments. They allow the extra security without having the potential unreliability of a person sitting on guard. By eliminating the weak link “Human Error" these systems are able to make it nearly impossible to penetrate. Physical access control systems can range from a bouncer or guard stationed at the door, or through mechanical measures such as locks or keys. With the advancements in technology there is now a need for a higher means of access control and that is where key cards and electrical access control systems come into play. Physical access control systems depend on a matter of who, where, and when system. A true access control system is used to determine “who” is allowed to enter or exit, “where” said person is allowed to enter or exit, as well as controlling “when” they will be able to enter or exit. Before technological advancements this was accomplished in part with Keys and locks, when a door was locked only those with the appropriate key were able to use the door. The problem with mechanical Key and Lock systems is that they do not restrict the key holder from entering or leaving at specific times or dates. Historically, this was partially accomplished through the usage of keys and locks. When a door is locked, only someone with a key can enter through the door, depending on how the lock is configured...
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...but them or even us move away and we continue to maintain our interpersonal relationships. This is what we would call “glocalization”. There are stores that you might find in one area of the U.S. but will not find them in any area or you might find a restaurant under one name in one area but under another name everywhere else. For example, St. Louis Bread Company was created in St. Louis, Missouri and has many locations under this name in this particular area. But in every other area in the U.S. and Canada this restaurant goes under the name Panera Bread Company and offers the same food at all areas. (Panera Bread Company Overview, 2013) Another example of glocalization, is where an Asian subsidiary of News Corp started broadcasting satellite television into India but for this T.V. station to really take off was to hire a person who was experience in Indian programming to create soap operas that would appeal to that cultural environment not the American soap operas dubbed in Hindi and they also took over the production of news and current affairs. (Johnson, 2007) Finally an example of “glocalization” is our music that we play on the radio or even MTV. Whether it is a different area of the U.S. or other countries the radio/TV stations adapt to that area and what the community wants to listen too. When you cross state lines or country borders you have to change your radio station because you listening to that local areas music taste. If you don’t like changing your music taste...
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...Bangalore, ISRO is under the administrative control of the Department of Space, Government of India. The objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. Accordingly, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully operationalised two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources; also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites. SATELLITES LAUNCHED Since its establishment , ISRO has achieved numerous milestones. It built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union in 1975. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian- made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites...
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...business in assigned countries * Develop and maintain good working relationships with customer and business partners * Coordinate market research and market intelligence data * Developing key marketing channels Speedcast Ltd – Sales Manager, Telecoms & Broadcast Services * Managing existing clientele and building new potential customers in the assigned territory * Responsible for developing, positioning and selling the broadcast service across the region * Continually building and improving the broadband, multimedia and broadcast services thru innovative pre-sales and marketing activities. * Working closely with engineering and product team to improve delivery of Speedcast products and services. MEASAT Satellite Systems – Assistant Manager, Ground Engineering * To co-ordinate, monitor and perform all ground systems equipment and VAS maintenance and operations; * To perform anomaly / fault investigation and produce appropriate documentation / technical reports as directed; * To develop new testing procedure and suggest procedure enhancement for increase operating efficiency; * To participate in the procuring, commissioning and testing of new earth station or VAS systems. Be part of the...
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...14 Table 1 Distribution of active satellites 4 Table 2 GEO Servicing opportunities 4 Table 3 GSV mass breakdown 6 Table 4 Power Budget 9 Table 5 Cost of Refueler/Depot 11 Executive Summary Launching a satellite into space with a mission to service other satellites is a plausible idea. Servicing a satellite means to somehow make it so a satellite’s design life is lengthened. This can be accomplished by refueling, assisting in orbit placement, and/or performing mechanical repairs. Satellite servicing has been done already in the past during manned space missions. The problem arises when the attempt is to be made on satellites outside of human intervention like those in High Earth Orbits (HEO). The ESA and d NASA have both put forth their ideas on how to service satellites in space. The Refueler/Depot idea suggested by NASA has the plan to launch a large satellite into space in two parts. One part is the Refueler, which is agile and movable and can dock with cooperating satellites. The other half is the Depot which stores the hydrazine fuel but remains in a constant orbit above the GEO belt. ESA’s idea is of a single satellite that will do it all: refueling, mechanical manipulation of satellites, and orbit manipulation. This idea may take longer to catch on because of the extra challenge of remotely operating a satellite to fix another satellite. Introduction The remoteness of satellites after launch is what makes them susceptible...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Faculty of Engineering ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Subject: Satellite Communication Systems ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Assignment Number: Project One/Part A Date Submitted: 26/10/2012 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Assignment Title: Project One ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Student Name(s) and Number(s) Tutorial Group: ------------------------------------------------- Chao Wang 11275955 ------------------------------------------------- Declaration of Originality: ------------------------------------------------- The work contained in this assignment, other than that specifically attributed to another source, is that of the author(s). It is recognised that, should this declaration be found to be false, disciplinary action could be taken and the assignments of all students involved will be given zero marks. In the statement below, I have indicated the extent to which I have collaborated with other students, whom I have named. ------------------------------------------------- Signature ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Satellite launch to boost DTH in India The successful launch Thursday of India's heaviest satellite from spaceport of Kourou in French Guyana may have boosted the country's space research efforts to yet another level, but it has also lifted the spirits of at least three Direct-To-Home televisions broadcasters, one of which has been waiting for years to launch its services in India. Onboard India's new generation spacecraft Ariane-5G rocket, the INSAT-4A was placed in geosynchronous transfer orbit in 3-axis stabilized mode shortly after launch, drawing cheers for the fact that it was the first launch of a 3,080 kg satellite by India. It is the also the first Indian satellite to meet the requirement of the DTH television services. "Insat-4A is the most advanced, heaviest and powerful satellite and it's a very important milestone in the history of India's space program," said Madhavan Iyer, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization. "This is going to revolutionize TV broadcasting directly to the homes and improve the entertainment scenario in India." After completing orbit-raising operations and a few tests, INSAT-4A will become fully operational in early 2006. It will be positioned in geostationary orbit 36,000 km above the equator. For the DTH wannabes then, this is indeed good news because even as the country's TV viewership explodes, peculiar broadcasting laws and lack of transponder availability has been obstructing proliferation of DTH services in the country...
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...JUDICIAL MEMBER AND SHRI R.C. SHARMA, ACCOUNTANT MEMBER ITA Nos. 5385 to 5387/Del/2004 Assessment Years : 2000-01 to 2002-03 ITA Nos.2623 & 2624/Del/2008 Assessment Years : 2003-04 & 2004-05 Vs. New Skies Satellites N.V., (Now known as New Skies Satellites B.V.) C/o Price Waterhouse Coopers Pvt. Ltd., Sucheta Bhawan, 11-A, Vishnu Digambar Marg, New Delhi. PAN : AABCN7763R (Appellant) Assessee by Revenue by : : (Respondent) Shri M.S. Syali, Sr. Advocate, Shri Tarandeep Singh, CA & Shri Sandeep Puri, CA Shri Y.K. Kapoor, Standing Counsel & Shri Kanan Kapoor, Advocate Assistant Director of Income Tax, International Taxation, Circle 2 (1), New Delhi. ITA Nos. 2598 to 2601/Del/2004 Assessment Years : 1998-99 to 2001-02 ITA Nos.4394 to 4397/Del/2005 Assessment Years : 2003-04 & 2004-05 Shin Satellite Public Company Vs. Limited, Thaicom Satellite Station, 41/103, Rattanathibet Road, Nonthaburi 11000, THAILAND. PAN : AAGCS4481E (Appellant) 1 Dy. Director of Income Tax, Circle 2 (2), International Taxation, New Delhi. (Respondent) http://www.itatonline.org Assessee by Revenue by : : Shri F.V. Irani, Advocate Shri Y.K. Kapoor, Standing Counsel & Shri Kanan Kapoor, Advocate INTERVENOR ITA Nos. 1484 to 1491/Del/2008 Assessment Years : 1998-99 to 2005-06 Asia Satellite Telecommunications Ltd. Intervenor by : Shri S. Ganesh, Sr. Advocate O R D E R PER I.P. BANSAL, JUDICIAL MEMBER: This Special Bench has been constituted on the request of the revenue. The revenue...
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...1 Define solar system ? Ans The region of the universe near the sun that includes the sun, the nine known major planets and their moons or satellites, and objects such as asteroids and comets that travel in independent orbits. The major planets, in order of their average distance from the sun, are Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. 2 What are epidemics? Ans An epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic. Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by several factors including a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g. increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species), a genetic change in the pathogen reservoir or the introduction of an emerging pathogen to a host population (by movement of pathogen or host). Generally, an epidemic occurs when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded. 3 what are geo science? The earth is in continuous change. Scientists from many branches of science are required in order to understand the large range of variations occurring in the planet. The different disciplines...
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...(International Logistic Solutions) With more than 40 years’ experience in global satellite communications, we currently provide satellite services in more than 100 countries. Our track record includes effectively delivering networks in remote or challenging locations for multinational corporations and government agencies. We are the ideal choice for satellite broadband as: We are one of the few service providers combining widespread satellite capability with extensive terrestrial network coverage, and effectively integrating the two. Our Rapid Site Setup service has been specifically designed to meet the needs of construction companies and others operating in temporary and remote locations. In addition, our satellite hubs provide high levels of resilience against power failures and other service disruptions. Operating 24/7, the hubs also deliver expert assistance should a fault occur. Rapid Site Setup is specifically designed for multinational or national organizations, such as utility, construction, manufacturing, energy companies, and Individual users, as well as government agencies. It is suitable for organization’s that: * Have temporary offices throughout the country that require access to the Internet quickly and often at short notice. * Need to connect remote or isolated offices where access to the terrestrial network is not available. * Require a prompt but temporary satellite connection until access to a terrestrial network is found. * 512 kilobits per second...
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... | Abstract Satellite technology, will be my main focus. Satellite Technology not only is used in everyday civilian live but also everyday law enforcement. GPS is vital in apprehending and finding suspects. I am interested in what the future of implementing this technology may hold. Satellites also are important for communication, which does organize and save lives. Identify and describe a future information technology that you believe will create a paradigm shift. Identify and describe the domain in which the shift will occur. Explain the technology, how it works, and how it is different from what we have today. Give at least five (5) reasons why the technology will create a shift. Satellites It’s important to note how satellites work, the history behind its creation, and finally how satellites are used past to present. There are different types of satellites which are devised for a specific task; examples are astronomy satellites, atmospheric satellites, communication satellites, navigation satellites, reconnaissance satellites, remote sensing satellites, and search and rescue satellites. Emerging satellites that are most relevant to law enforcement and Homeland security use communication, navigation, and sometimes recon satellites; so those are the only satellites which will be discussed. Anik E is an example of a communication satellite, Navstar for a navigation satellite, and Big Bird for a recon satellite. Satellites are an emerging technology...
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