...the unique culture of Tennessee State University. Founded in 1912, Tennessee State University (TSU) is a comprehensive, urban, coeducational, land-grant institution. There are currently two locations. There is the 500-acre main campus that nestles in a beautiful residential neighborhood along the Cumberland River, and the downtown Avon Williams campus that sits near the center of Nashville’s business and government district. There are many students that come from all across the country. These students bring many different cultures that make Tennessee State what it is today. In 1909, the Tennessee State General Assembly created three normal schools, including the Agricultural and Industrial Normal School, which would grow to become TSU. The first 247 students began their academic careers on June 19, 1912, and William Jasper Hale served as head of the school. Students, faculty, and staff worked together as a family to keep the institution operating, whether the activity demanded clearing rocks, harvesting crops, or carrying chairs from class to class. The school gained the capacity to grant bachelor’s degrees in 1922, reflecting its new status as a four-year teachers’ college. By 1924, the college became known as the Agricultural and Industrial State Normal College and the first degrees were awarded. In 1927, “Normal” was dropped from the name. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the college grew in scope and stature under the charge “Enter to learn; go forth to serve.” Tennessee...
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...know, the basis of many of these changes will be taken from suggestions made from the work of DuFour, DuFour, and Eaker’s research which has taken many years of research and development. These suggestions will serve as the framework into our new future and will serve us for years to come. The Professional Learning Communities (PLC) concept As a development design the Professional Learning Communities (PLC) concept will be employed as the foundation to the schools reorganization. How does and what exactly is PLC as it relates to reorganization will be described as follows: In order to better understand PLC a clearer view of learning organizations will assist in this process. Learning organizations are united by a shared vision of student and staff learning together. They have common values of respect, along with a caring and shared value system. These types of school communities are known as learner-centered oriented and are committed to constant improvement in the educational process. In these types of school communities the benchmark of a successful learning organization is that educators are constantly learning together in order to produce the results they planned to achieve. In this...
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...Chapter C:1 Tax Research Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Distinguish between closed fact and open fact tax situations. 2. Describe the steps in the tax research process. 3. Explain how the facts influence tax consequences. 4. Identify the sources of tax law and assess the authoritative value of each. 5. Consult tax services to research an issue. 6. Apply the basics of Internet-based tax research. 7. Use the citator to assess authorities. 8. Describe professional guidelines that CPAs in tax practice should follow. 9. Prepare work papers and communicate to clients. Areas of Greater Significance Since this will usually be a student’s first exposure to tax research, the importance of the facts to the tax results, federal tax services and the citator should be discussed. The widespread use of Internet-based databases for tax research makes this means of tax research much more important. An effort should be made to introduce Internet-based searches to the students if at all possible. The text discusses two types of professional guidelines for CPAs in tax practice. Areas of Lesser Significance In the interest of time, the following areas may be omitted: Sample work papers and client letter (Appendix A). Problem Areas for Students The following areas may prove especially difficult to students: ...
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...Introduction Organizations use a wide variety of structural alternatives to help them achieve their purpose and goals, and nearly every firm needs to undergo reorganization at some point to help meet new challenges. Structural changes are needed to reflect new strategies or respond to changes in other contingency factors such as environment, technology, size and life cycle, and culture. The following essay seeks to critically analyze and discuss the realignments that have taken place in the Zambian bureaucracy since the last quarter of 2011 with reference to the body of knowledge on organization structure and design. In the period between October, 2010 - September 2012, the government of the Republic of Zambia has made pronouncements to change the public service organization structure. This has been as a result of the change of government following the Patriotic Front under the leadership of Micheal Chilufya Sata (PF) ousting the Movement for Multiparty Development (MMD), this was in the September, 2011 Zambia general elections. Ludwig (1944, defines bureaucracy as a personnel and administrative structure of an organization, implying that the bureaucracy of any organization is a structure that has got positions with people carrying on day to day activities. Organizational structure is the hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. It determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and...
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...Introduction Organizations use a wide variety of structural alternatives to help them achieve their purpose and goals, and nearly every firm needs to undergo reorganization at some point to help meet new challenges. Structural changes are needed to reflect new strategies or respond to changes in other contingency factors such as environment, technology, size and life cycle, and culture. The following essay seeks to critically analyze and discuss the realignments that have taken place in the Zambian bureaucracy since the last quarter of 2011 with reference to the body of knowledge on organization structure and design. In the period between October, 2010 - September 2012, the government of the Republic of Zambia has made pronouncements to change the public service organization structure. This has been as a result of the change of government following the Patriotic Front under the leadership of Micheal Chilufya Sata (PF) ousting the Movement for Multiparty Development (MMD), this was in the September, 2011 Zambia general elections. Ludwig (1944, defines bureaucracy as a personnel and administrative structure of an organization, implying that the bureaucracy of any organization is a structure that has got positions with people carrying on day to day activities. Organizational structure is the hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. It determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and...
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...Executive Summary The city of Alamo Heights builds his first school in 1909 when they build their first school. After that, in 1923 the Alamo Heights system became a district, called todat Alamo Heights Independent School district. The 5 schools that are part of this district: • Howard Early Childhood Center • Woodridge Elementary • Cambridge Elementary • Alamo Heights Junior High • Alamo Heights High School Mission Statement The Alamo Heights Independent School District, the heart of our community whose passion is excellence, will educate and empower every student to excel academically and as a confident, compassionate citizen with impeccable character and a global perspective through engaging, personally challenging, and relevant experiences that inspire learning for life”. Live Honorably Act Humbly Model Dignity Change Concept How cuts in the Texas budget will affect the students, teachers and substitute teachers in Alamo Heights Independent School District. The budget cuts were originated of three main components: • 2006 the state lowered property taxes (school taxes by 1/3). • The state used Federal stimulus money to pay raises all teachers’ salaries in the state. • The current recession has cause lower tax revenue. How badly it is? The state of Texas is projected to have a $27 billion deficit for the next two year, the US House of Representative bill was unveil in January and designate a $10 billion dollars cut in public education state-wide...
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...INTRODUCTION This essay aims at discussing decentralization, types of decentralisation, decentralization in Zambia and Uganda and it will discuss the most progressive decentralization between Zambia and Uganda. Decentralisation has various comprehensive definitions. The UNDP (United Nations Development Program) (1998) defines decentralisation as “the restructuring or reorganization of authority so that there is a system of co-responsibility between institutions of governance at the central, regional and local levels according to the principle of subsidiarity, thus increasing the overall quality and effectiveness of the system of governance, while increasing the authority and capacities of sub-national levels”. The UNDP definition emphasises two critical aspects of decentralisation – its practical outworking in restructuring of Government functions and its aim – increased efficiency. Similarly, the concept is defined as a transfer of competences from central government level to elected authorities at the sub national level. Rondinelli. (1992) defines decentralisation as the transfer of responsibility for planning, management, and resource raising and allocation from the central government to sub units. In this definition, units listed include field units of central government ministries or agencies, semi-autonomous public authorities or corporations, and other authorities such as Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Basically decentralisation is the act of distributing power...
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...Introduction Ben Cooper opened his laptop and settled in for a weekend of work. It was Friday, September 7, 2012, ten weeks since he’d been unexpectedly promoted to district sales director for the New England region of StepSmart Fitness. On Monday, Cooper was to attend his first quarterly sales meeting with Caitlin Sheridan, the company’s newly appointed regional vice president of sales for the Northeast, and provide a detailed update on his ailing district. Cooper recalled his last conversation with Sheridan from ten days earlier: Ben, I know you’ve had a lot thrown at you these last few months as a result of the reorganization, with no help or information from your predecessor. I’m in the same boat here at the regional level. There’s been a lot of upheaval across the company since Mark Wallace became our CEO six months ago. Wallace hopes that we can improve our sales efforts in faltering districts and regions with high-performing talent like you in place; he is confident that sales revenue, morale, and productivity will soon improve. I was impressed by your success as a salesperson in New York, and enjoyed collaborating with you on the treadmill product last year. Despite your lack of managerial experience, I wanted you on my team because I felt you’d be able to quickly assess what’s wrong with the New England district and suggest some fresh approaches for improving future performance. As you know, I have the authority to terminate employees and will do so based on your ...
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...Chapter I: The Problem and Its Background Introduction Student achievement is not simply a matter of what happens in school. Academic achievement can be defined as excellence in all academic disciplines, in class as well as extracurricular activities. It includes excellence in sporting, behavior, confidence, communication skills, punctuality, assertiveness, arts, culture, and the like. It is a good way to enhance the drive of student to achieve a lot. It is about academic excellence, exemplary deportment, special awards, essential life skills, and responsibility to the community. In terms of academics, all students will obtain, understand, analyze, communicate and apply knowledge and skills to achieve success in school and life. In terms of essential life skills, all students will demonstrate aptitude, attitudes, and skills to lead responsible, fulfilling, and respectful lives. In terms of responsibility to the community, all students will understand and model the important attributes people must have to contribute to an effective and productive community and common good of all. In brief, it involves both product and process, and achievement is assessed both individually and collaboratively. A key component of both the product and the process in this "new literacy" classroom is that the students need to be conversant in multiple forms of representation—they must collect and process a certain amount of information, including non-print material such as photographs, video footage...
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...INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE 10 Data Security Who has access to your tax data? Nikki Davis Abstract In this tax season, when billions of dollars and tons of personal information is relayed to and from the government, it's more than disconcerting to hear that the Internal Revenue Service is still struggling to keep private information secure. The purpose of my study is to improve the safeguard of taxpayers’ data at the Internal Revenue Service. Due to the fact that firewalls are in place and transaction monitoring is also in place; yet, taxpayers’ data is still being exploited. It seems that the problem lies in the character of some of the employees. It is not such much that the background checks are not in depth, they are not expeditious. It may take up to 3 years to perform a full background check. What is Data Security Data is the raw form of information stored as columns and rows in our databases, network servers and personal computers. This may be a wide range of information from personal files and intellectual property to market analytics and details intended to be top secret. Data could be anything of interest that can be read or otherwise interpreted in human form. Data security is the means of ensuring that data is kept safe from corruption and that access to it is suitably controlled. Thus data security helps to ensure privacy. It also helps in protecting personal data. In simple terms, data security is the practice of keeping data protected from corruption...
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...[pic] NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA EMBA PROJECT REPORT VFA-204 Relocation Study 10 March 08 By: LCDR Brandan Harris LCDR Mike Chenowith LT Joe Furco LT Charles Scarcello LT Jon Merritt LT Chris Harris LT Ryan Hill Senior Consultant: LCOL Bryan Hudgens THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK [Title] Executive Summary THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 8 A. iNTRODUCTION 8 B. Background 8 C. pROJECT oBJECTIVES 9 (1) Determine the financial costs of the relocation of VFA-204 to NAS Lemoore 9 (a) Cost of movement of materiel and personnel 9 (b) Cost, if any, of newly vacant NAS New Orleans spaces 9 (2) Determine the annualized cost savings, if any, of having VFA-204 at NAS Lemoore 9 (a) Savings from co-located adversary support 9 (b) Savings associated with Training and Readiness (T&R) 9 (c) Savings associated with maintenance 9 C. pROJECT Scope 9 D. mEthODOLOGY 10 1. Cost Data 10 a. Personnel 10 b. Materiel 10 2. Savings Data 10 a. Savings from co-location of adversaries with Lemoore squadrons 10 b. Savings associated with Training and Readiness (T&R) 10 ...
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...After many centuries of relatively stable existence, the teaching profession has changed dramatically in the past 150 years, beginning with the development of the free public school, or common school. Whereas for most of Western history teachers were chosen for their content knowledge, teachers today must demonstrate competency in not just their subject matter but also in child psychology, pedagogical techniques, and a number of other skills. “Throughout history all societies have engaged in some form of education of their youth. In” the absence of any written language this was informal, oral, and directed at the transmission of cultural values, practices and language and preparation for survival and adulthood in that particular culture and environment. With the development of written language and numeracy came the need for more formal instruction in their use” (Webb.pg, 96). This paper will compared and contrast the recorded views of principals across the 1960s, 1980s, and the 2000s, as well as the philosophy of education that best aligns to each principal, the primary issues and concerns expressed by the principal and what would be the observations of each of the principals if they were sitting in the back of a classroom today. Americans in the 1960s became aware that the nation was suffering from a shortage of citizens whose education and training were sufficient to meet the technological challenges of modern society. The gap between the learning needs of the country and...
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...CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING AND WORKING WITH THE FEDERAL TAX LAW SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM MATERIALS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. (LO 1) When enacting tax legislation, Congress often is guided by the concept of revenue neutrality so that any changes neither increase nor decrease the net revenues raised under the prior rules. Revenue neutrality does not mean that any one taxpayer’s tax liability remains the same. Since this liability depends upon the circumstances involved, one taxpayer’s increased tax liability could be another’s tax saving. Revenue-neutral tax reform does not reduce deficits, but at least it does not aggravate the problem. 2. (LO 2) Economic, social, equity, and political factors play a significant role in the formulation of tax laws. Furthermore, the IRS and the courts have had impacts on the evolution of tax laws. For example, control of the economy has been an important economic consideration in passing a number of laws (e.g., rapid depreciation, changes in tax rates). 3. (LO 2) The tax law encourages technological progress by allowing immediate (or accelerated) deductions and tax credits for research and development expenditures. 4. (LO 2) Saving leads to capital formation and thus makes funds available to finance home construction and industrial expansion. For example, the tax laws provide incentives to encourage savings by giving private retirement plans preferential treatment. 5. (LO 2) a. Section 1244 allows ordinary loss...
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...general, and science education, for that matter, is serious issues for all Ghanaians. Curriculum orientations are beliefs about what a school curriculum should achieve and how teaching, learning and assessment should occur (Eisner, 1970). The most fundamental concern of schooling is curriculum (Ornstein, 1982). These prepositions have led me to have an in depth study by evaluating the Ghanaian Basic School Science Curriculum from both the primary to the Junior High School levels trying to find out the various and dominant curriculum orientation(s) underlying the teaching and learning process of Integrated Science in schools. The Ghanaian Basic School Science Curriculum and Delivery The Ghanaian integrated science curriculum follows the “spiral approach,” treating the same themes at different times and in greater depths within each educational level. The curriculum is the modern replacement of what used to be called “nature study.” This is a generalist, survey course, which exposes the child to the universe. At this level, the students would get the basic exposure to scientific ideas, and learn about the history of science. They also learn the basic scientific vocabulary at this level (Curriculum Research Division and Development,2004) (2004) ). Educational Reforms and Science Teaching in Ghana There was a reorganization of the educational system into the current one. Interestingly, there...
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...A Study on Child Labour in Indian Beedi Industry By Dr. Yogesh Dube, Member NCPCR Assisted by Dr. Godsen Mohandoss Senior Technical Expert, NCPCR National Commission for Protection of Child Rights 5th Floor, Chandralok Building, 36- Janpath New Delhi – 110001 August 2013 Child Labour In Indian Beedi Industry Beedi Industry in India Beedies are made up of tendu leaves hand rolled with shredded tobacco. The beedi enterprises in India were established initially as cottage or family business houses, and grew into a massive industry with high turnover and enormous employment potential. In India, beedi industry is a major revenue source in many parts of the country where five lakhs million beedies1 are manufactured every year which worth nearly 65 million. States like Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha are involved in both manufacturing of beedies and tendu leaves growing. Nearly 4.5 million workers are engaged in beedi industry in India with largest number in Madhya Pradesh (18.3 %), followed by Andhra Pradesh (14.4 %) and Tamil Nadu (13.8 %)2. Majority of the beedi workers are engaged in beedi rolling in home based work from the organized factories which has only ten percent of the workers involved in beedi rolling. Mostly the economically and socially backward populations are involved in beedi industry. It is to be noted that the tendu 1 Government of India, Report Circulated in the National Workshop on Beedi Workers Housing, Ministry...
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