...Wellbeing Introduction The literature provided for this assignment will critically explore the relevance and the application of the concept of wellbeing within my organisational setting. My organisational setting is a Further Education College based in Cardiff, South Wales. My role in this institution is to deliver education and training in the vocational trade of plastering. Cardiff is now a diverse and multicultural city and many of the students that attend our college evolve from different social, economic and religious backgrounds as well as having variable capabilities. As a provider of education and training, it is important that we implement policies and procedures that meet the needs of the community by promoting inclusion and addressing inequalities. Every student is treated as an individual and we strive to eliminate discrimination and overcome the disadvantages that exist in society these days that have treated some groups less favourably than others. My duty as an educator is to provide my learners with a positive learning environment and to support their wellbeing by providing challenging, interactive and good quality learning experiences. Wellbeing The psychology of wellbeing has been studied since the times of Aristotle, for two millennia, man has sought the highest good for himself, happiness. The notion of happiness remains vague and multifarious, yet every human being searches for it. However, how to define and obtain happiness has and continues to be a...
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...Summarise & Reflect 1 Student Number: Title of Topic: Psychology and Politics i) Rate your feelings about this topic by marking a point on each of the three scales: Not at all Extremely Interesting +----------------------------------------------------------------------X Important +----------------------------------------------------------------------X Difficult +-------------------------------------------X--------------------------- ii) Outline the key concepts and the 'message' of this topic (300-500 words) Lecture: Psychology holds a strong influence in politics with psychologists having contributed to improvements across a number of social institutions and practices. Throughout history, many theories have determined political administration. Behaviourist B.F Skinner introduced a utopian concept to shape society through positive reinforcement. Skinner believed that a forsaking of false belief in behavioural independence and an adoption of necessary control was essential for society. Whereas, psychiatrist Franz Kallman possessed an extremist view towards schizophrenia and argued for the sterilization of schizophrenics and healthy relatives due to research that indicated the disorder as a genetic phenomenon. The 21st century saw the medicalization of mental health disorders which commentators Thomas Szasz and R.D Laing claimed was a form of social control. Labelling mental health was seen as...
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...Well-Being Question 1: What alternatives to cosmetic depression drugs do you think would be effective and how could universities apply them to depressed students? In Flourish, Martin Seligman describes two forms of medication: cosmetic drugs and curative drugs. He further explains that insurance companies can only reimburse brief treatments because a complete cure generally implies more time and cost. As a result, Seligman concludes, all psychopharmacopoeai drugs are cosmetic, palliative, and only temporary fixes. Thus, the use of positive psychology in the treatment of depressed patients is even more important. One tactic that could help in the betterment of college students is the use of a “Gratitude Visit.” In this exercise, an individual is encouraged to think of a single person who helped them in some way, but was never properly thanked. Next, the individual must write a letter of gratitude to this person, being thorough and specific in their examples of how this person influenced and affected the individual’s life. Finally, the individual must call this person and arrange for a meeting, face-to-face. At this meeting, they will read the letter, slowly and carefully, allowing a discussion of the content and their response to follow. What is the benefit of this practice? Seligman argues the results will lead the individual to happiness and less depression within a month. Among college students, this influence could majorly improve the quality of living for an entire...
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...Aetiologies of Unipolar Depression Depression can be defined as ‘A condition of general emotional dejection and withdrawal; sadness greater and more prolonged than that warranted by any objective reason.’ The psychological pain depression brings is severe, long lasting and debilitating. It may intensify as the months go by. People with clinical depression may become unable to carry out the simplest of life’s activities, and some even try to end their lives. Biological theory researchers have relied on genetic studies and on investigations into biochemistry to help explain the causes of unipolar depression. Many theorists believe that some people inherit a predisposition to unipolar depression. Support comes from many sources – family studies, twin studies and adoption studies. Family studies select people with depression and examine their close relatives to see whether depression affects other members of the family. If a predisposition to unipolar depression is inherited then relatives should have a higher rate of depression than the general population. Research has supported this claim. If the predisposition is inherited it would also be expected that more cases of depression would be apparent in close relatives compared to distant relatives. Twin studies are used as identical twins share 100% of the same genes, therefore if one twin has the disorder the other should also. Twin studies have found rates consistent with this expectation. Evaluation which supports genetic...
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...In “A Balanced Psychology and a Full Life”, Martin.E.P. Seligman, Acacia C. Parks, and Tracy Steen explain the difference between balanced and positive psychology and their relationship with the pursuit of happiness. Seligman et al. divides their piece in three sections, “A balanced psychology, what is happiness? And interventions to nurture happiness” to make their explanation thorough. They describe the three routes of happiness in this excerpt. They also give their own definition of happiness, “We believe happiness’ is a condition over and above the absence of unhappiness”(418). In the first section of this piece, Seligman et al. gives historical background with some statistical data and the rise of psychology. According to the Seligman...
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...We have read Learned Optimism by Martin Seligman in our English class this semester, our task is to address Seligman’s rules for being successful and deciding whether or not we agree with his argument. Although I have not read the whole book, we were assigned to read chapters 1, 2, 3, and 12 and by that I was supplied with enough information to construct my own opinion on his claims. Martin Seligman argues that learning to be optimistic can change your way of life and empower yourself through non-negative thinking and I agree because after reviewing everything that I’ve been though these past 5 years, I found that having a positive mindset has got me though some of the hardest times in my life. Summary: In Learned Optimism, Martin Seligman argues that how you explain events to yourself after they happen has a huge impact on your life. In chapter one, Seligman defines two different type of people, pessimists – people who believe in bad events are their own fault and the consequences of the event will last a long time and optimists – people who believe bad events are only temporary, the events are not their fault and can either be caused by bad luck or other people. He goes on to explain that after 25 years of research, he is sure that if we believe bad events are our fault, more of it will befall on us and that the point of his book is to teach us how to recognize out pessimistic tendencies, stop them, and practice an optimistic lifestyle. He believes that because of the negativity...
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...between thoughts, expressions, and actions. Since one single accepted definition of happiness doesn’t seem to exist, and happiness is different for everyone, this begs the question; how can you increase your own personal level of happiness? Since WW II psychologist have been studying our brains as they pertain to our mental health. Approximately 30% of people in the USA suffer from some sort of mental disorder (Seligman, Parks, and Steen 418). After we figured out how to treat these 30% of people, psychologists then turned to the remaining 70% of the population with the thinking that “although these people may not be experiencing severe pathology, there is good evidence to indicate the absence of maladies does not constitute happiness” (Seligman, Parks, and Steen 418). The conclusion these psychologists came to was that “…we believe “happiness” is a condition over and above the absence of unhappiness… A review [of the literature] led us to identify three constituents of happiness: (i) pleasure (or positive emotion); (ii) engagement; and (iii) meaning” (Seligman, Parks, and Steen 418). These studies identifying the three major factors that constitute happiness gave birth to “positive psychology” and helped give a blueprint for what we as humans could do to improve our happiness levels. Happiness researchers frequently use the equation H=S+C+V, or happiness equals our genetic set point plus our circumstances plus what we voluntarily...
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...Psychology, Other - Year 2 Person-Centered model of helping Prepare a response on a Person-Centered model of helping. I need suggestions, information and ideas for each section in this task to help get me started. TASK: You must integrate your learning from the course and discuss how and why you have, at this point in your development, formed your viewpoint(s). Your response must include the following elements: 1. Presentation of the Person-Centered model 2. Your view of helping and how your chosen model fits within your viewpoint 3. The relationship between the clinician and the participant as it relates to Person-Centered model 4. Techniques or approaches to change as indicated in the Person-Centered model 5. The kinds of problems that can be addressed with Person-Centered model 6. The population(s) that this Person-Centeredmodel can help 7. Limitations and strengths of the Person-Centeredmodel 8. Multicultural issues related to the Person-Centeredmodel Paper must show adequate understanding of the material presented in the workshop, and reflect your ability to integrate and synthesize the course material. • Created: • Jun 01, 2009 11:15 am • Solution By Expert: • Departed Expert Solutiongo to problem One approach to help you with an assignment like this one is to address each question, which you can then draw on for your final copy. This is the approach that this response takes. I also attached a helpful APA resource. Let's take...
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...as an anticipation and expectation of bad outcomes in important life domains (Carver, C. S., & Lattie, E. G., 2015). This is the simplest definition of pessimism, however, for someone who had suffered from this “not so pretty” state of mind, pessimism is so much more than that. It is an inseparable shadow which follows you everywhere and tries its best to make your life as miserable as possible. Pessimism is a habit. A very strong habit that would take tremendous amount of energy and dedication to break free. Pessimism is a habit of mind that is acquired largely through negative experiences in life and it often has disastrous consequences such as mood swings, depression, underachievement and even poor physical and mental health. (Seligman, M. E., Reivich, K., Jaycox, L., & Gillham, J.,1995). Consequences of pessimism In my point of view, Seligman’s description above pointed out every consequences of pessimism. Pessimism leads to deep depression that affects every aspect of life including health and well being. A research conducted by the Mayo Clinic provides an excellent example. Mayo clinic tracked the medical history of 839 people for over 30 years of period and also have the...
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...Adlerian Theory Alfred Alder, a contemporary of Freud, chose to distance himself from Freud and his theories of human behavior. Alder developed his own approach to therapy based on his belief that people’s behaviors and skills are a result of their experiences and emotions. This belief led to the development of the Adlerian Theory, also known as Individual Psychology (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Core Constructs of Adlerian Theory Adler believed that people have a self-image that guides their decisions, and that their self-image is a direct result of their childhood. Adler also believed that people are socially motivated and that a person’s actions are purposeful and aimed at meeting goals (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Adler also felt that birth order and family constellation impacted a person’s self-image. It was Adler’s belief that helping people understand their own private logic and how it impacts their lifestyle choices will help the client to reframe their faulty perceptions of themselves and in turn, make improved lifestyle choices. Adlerian Theory in Action In our video vignette, Dr. Carlson is continuing to learn about Gina’s lifestyle. Dr. Carlson asks Gina to describe herself in order to understand how she sees herself. Gina states that she is determined. Dr. Carlson asks her what she is determined to do, and she responds she is determined to be happy and for her children to be happy. By asking what she is determined to do, Dr. Carlson is able...
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...Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation Lyn Y. Abramson and Martin E. P. Seligman University of Pennsylvania John D. Teasdale Oxford University, England The learned helplessness hypothesis is criticized and reformulated. The old hypothesis, when applied to learned helplessness in humans, has two major problems: (a) It does not distinguish between cases in which outcomes are uncontrollable for all people and cases in which they are uncontrollable only for some people (univervsal vs. personal helplessness), and (b) it does not explain when helplessness is general and when specific, or when chronic and when acute. A reformulation based on a revision of attribution theory is proposed to resolve these inadequacies. According to the reformulation, once people perceive noncontingency, they attribute their helplessness to a cause. This cause can be stable or unstable, global or specific, and internal or external. The attribution chosen influences whether expectation of future helplessness will be chronic or acute, broad or narrow, and whether helplessness will lower self-esteem or not. The implications of this reformulation of human helplessness for the learned helplessness model of depression are outlined. Over the past 10 years a large number of experiments have shown that a variety of organisms exposed to uncontrollable events often exhibit subsequent disruption of behavior (see Maier & Seligman, 1976, for a review of the infrahuman literature). For example, whereas naive...
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...What Brings about Happiness? Rodney Sanders Mrs. Bledsoe Arkansas Baptist College Fall, 2013 Abstract There are numerous ways to define the word happiness; however, according to Webster dictionary, the word happiness in best defined as enjoying, showing, or marked by pleasure, satisfaction, or joy. People generally associate happiness with simply having a good feeling inside whether it is from monetary or financial gain, finding a potential soul mate, getting a promotion at work, self employed, the birth of children, and so on. These are all different ways in which people generally associate the happy feeling with. Many people express their happiness in different ways; therefore, it can be said that happiness is something that you can't just buy or gain because it comes form deep within. It is also known that happiness changes as circumstances change around each individual's everyday life. This paper will discuss happiness based on scientific studies, how Aristotle relates happiness, and occasions associated with a happy person. Happiness related to Studies and Psychologist There are many scholars, specialist, neurologist, and more who study the brain. They often relate happiness to different levels of dopamine and and serotonin levels in the brain, which is a known transmitter in the brain that controls the nervous system causing the feelings of happiness and sadness (Inglehart, & Klingemann, 2000). According to other researchers...
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...Summary: This article is written by Martin E.P Seligman, and is largely about the modern interpretations of happiness and the way psychology has been dealing with improperly by only looking at how to minimize pain and not maximize happiness. He starts the article by recounting some of history of psychology that led to the current state of affairs, beginning at World War 2. He claims that right before WW2 there were 3 main objectives to psychology: curing mental illness, making untroubled people happier, and studying genius/talent. These all fell by the wayside after WW2 however as all of the funding began to flow towards the study of mental illness, not towards the study of mental health. This was mainly because of the increase in both the discovery of mental disorders and also the sheer number of people who were left distressed in the wake of WW2. This led to a huge increase in treatments and cures for many disorders. However it also caused many problems in society and science. There was too much focus put on the minority that had disorders, and not on the majority that, although seemingly bereft of maladies, were not altogether happy. Therefore he states that psychology should be just as concerned about what is right with people as what is wrong. The second section of the article deals with the question of what happiness actually is, because we have to know what it is we are trying to increase. Although science can’t...
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...PSYCH 540 Week 3 DQ 1 To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/PSYCH-540/PSYCH-540-Week-3-DQ-1 PSYCH 540 Week 3 DQ 1 Martin Seligman founded in the late 1990s a new branch within Counseling Psychology called Positive Psychology. One of the criticisms of this new branch within the psychological community was that while it was strong on theory, there were no interventions associated with it for use in therapy. The article I’m linking for you here was the first to report on research in this area in Positive Psychology. Positive Psychology has become the most exciting new area of psychology: there are books coming out every month it seems and newspaper and magazine articles about happiness every week. And they’re all based (or claim to be based) on the research being done by Seligman and others. So, I invite you to read the article and comment on it: what do you think of the quality of the research conducted by the authors? Do you agree that their methodology was valid? What do you think of internet based studies? Use my link below or go to the library and use my reference list below to access the article. Or here is the address for the article without going to the library; you can cut and paste it to a tab on your browser: http://w.ebt.org/sites/www.ebt.org/files/empiricaldata.pdf References: Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist...
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...disorder involves having a feeling of dying or losing control. Symptoms such as heart pounding, shaking, breathing difficulty, and extreme fear can occur without any warning and can last for minutes or hours. Symptoms can also include chest pains, choking, abdominal pain (nausea), dizziness, dread, sweating and a desire to flee (Seligman, 2001). Some anxiety attacks are not precipitated by anything noticeable, and others might be triggered by individual situations such as being in a crowd or even becoming overly stressed. When it comes to treatment of anxiety disorders, there are several approaches. One of them involves educating the patient. Sometimes patients have a passive role in this method, regularly listening to health care experts telling them about their anxiety disorder (Ohman, 2000). The information that is given is more often than not broad and usually overly simplified and not pertinent to the patient. In order to prevent this, patients need to take an active role in the learning process. Another approach involves developing the patient’s awareness of their disorder. This approach actually builds up the patient’s self-confidence (Seligman, 2001). With this knowledge the patient’s symptoms would be reduced, and they would be better equipped to handling their attacks. Any changes in the patient’s self-confidence would result in positive health changes developing. Anxiety disorders are conceivably the most common and frequently occurring mental disorders. They...
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