...Scientific Prose Style The text under the analysis is entitled «The Main Peculiarities of a Snowfall». The text belongs to the scientific style. The Scientific style is a functional style of literary language, directing on the proving a hypothesis and creating new concepts. The Scientific style can exist within 2 forms: the written form of language (scientific articles, monographs or textbooks) and oral form (scientific reports, lectures, discussions at conferences, etc.)[1] The main function of scientific prose is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose the internal laws of existence, relations between different phenomena.[2] The main aim of the scientific prose style is to present precise information and to establish a clear and logical progression of ideas. The genre of the text can be defined as popular scientific prose and it exists in written form. The common features of the scientific style are: 1. The use of objective, precise, and mostly unemotional language means: e.g.: «A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals…”; “The Pacific Ocean is the source of moisture for most snowfalls west of the Rocky Mountains…» 2. The impersonality is reflected in the choice of grammar and syntactic constructions: e.g.: «The formation of snow begins with these ice crystals in the subfreezing strata of the middle and upper atmosphere when there is an adequate supply of moisture present. » 3. The...
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...Resource 1: EDA 575 Educational Leadership in a Changing World Benchmark Assessment and Rubric Targeted Essential Learning Students will examine the fundamental concepts of organizational theories and leadership models on a macro level as they relate to educational enterprises in their quest for school improvement. (ISLLC 2008: 1, 3) Assessment Tool Selected * Essay Specific Performance/Task(s) Create plans to achieve defined organizational goals. (ISLLC 2008: 1C; ELCC 1.1, 1.2) Establish effective management of the organization to support the learning environment. (ISLLC 2008: 3A; ELCC 3.3) Relevancy of Task to Principal Candidate An effective leader must understand the fundamental concepts of organizational theories and leadership at a macro level, as well as the complexity of being a school leader with a vision for systematic change and practical skills that work to ensure smooth day-to-day operations of a school. Assessment: Student Prompts/Directions 1) Individual: The Big Picture: A Strategic Plan (Benchmark Assessment) a) School Profile i) In Module 3 and using the institution you with which you are associated, you wrote a school profile (1000–1250 words). The school profile’s major goal is to describe the school and its programs with the intent to improve the institution through informed decision making. Issues to consider when developing the school profile included: (1) Philosophy, mission, and vision. ...
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...Scientific popular style has the following peculiarities: emotive words, elements of colloquial style The language of science is governed by the aim of the functional style of scientific prose which is to prove hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose the internal laws of existence, development, relations between different phenomena, etc. The language means tend to be objective, precise (четк. ), unemotional, devoid of any individuality. There are 6 noticeable features of this style: 1. (most noticeable) Logical sequence of utterances with clear indication of their interrelations and interdependence. The most developed and varied system of connectives (in this style). 2. (the most cospicious-явная) The use of terms. No other field of human activity is so prolific(изобил. ) in coining(создании) new words as science is. The necessity to penetrate deeper into the essence of things and phenomena gives rise to new concepts, which require new words to name them. Term will make more direct reference to something than a descriptive explanation. Words in this style are used in their primary logical meaning. Hardly a single word will be found here which is used in more than one meaning. Neutral and common literary words will be explained either in context or in a foot note. 3. Sentence- patterns. Every piece of scientific prose will begin with postulatory pronouncements which are taken as self-evident and needing no proof. A reference to these facts is only preliminary to the exposition...
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...Scientific Style Functions - provides information - presents exact and relatively complete scientific knowledge - addresses a relatively small group of professionals well acquainted with the subject Forms - primarily written: essays, articles, textbooks, scientific studies - spoken: presentations, discussions, conferences - monologue: no feedback, no situational context, no paralinguistic features Substyles - the style of exact science: more impersonal - the style of humanities: closer to the publicistic style, also shares features with the literary style General Characteristics - matter-of-fact, clear, explicit; unambiguous, precise; concise, brevet - stereotypical in terms of both lexicology and syntax - impersonal, objective, suppresses the personality of the author - logical hierarchy within the text: introduction, argument, conclusion and résumé - quotations and references to other texts - highly nominal character - diagrams, charts, sketches, illustrations Morphological Features - present tense: timeless validity of the proposition Syntactical Features - neutral word-order, no marked word-order - mostly declarative sentences - sentence condensers /participles, infinitives, gerunds/ and semi-clausal structures - no ellipsis, no omission of ‘that’ and ‘which’ in relative clauses - impersonal passive constructions /‘it should be pointed out that…; it has been found out that…; it has previously been shown that…’/ - active construction with the authorial...
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...SPE-359 Characteristics of Learning Disabilities and Strategies to Teach Individuals with LD Benchmark Assessment and Rubric Targeted Essential Learning * Effective teachers utilize a variety of instructional strategies to adapt lessons that enhance the educational development of the learners with LD. (APTS 8, 9; INTASC 1, 2; CEC 4, 8) Assessment Tool Selected * Two Part Project a) Lesson Plan b) Essay Specific Performance/Task(s) Design and implement various effective instructional practices. (APTS 8.1) Differentiate instruction for exceptional children. (APTS 8.5) Evaluate and strategically select curriculum materials and resources that optimize student success. (APTS 8.3) Understand the characteristics associated with a variety of disability categories. (APTS 9.1) Adapt instruction based on student needs. (APTS 9.5) Select and apply evidenced-based instructional strategies to serve students with specific disabilities. (CEC 4.1) Select appropriate supports and adaptations to enable a student with disabilities to access and fully participate in the general education curriculum. (CEC 8.4) Relevancy of Task to Teacher Candidate * Special education teachers must have full knowledge of learners with LD and be able to implement lesson plans modified from research-based instructional strategies. Assessment: Student Prompts/Teacher Directions Individual: LD: The Puzzling Paradox (Benchmark Assessment) a) General practicum information: ...
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...News style (also journalistic style or news writing style) is the prose style used for news reporting in media such as newspapers, radio and television. News style encompasses not only vocabulary and sentence structure, but also the way in which stories present the information in terms of relative importance, tone, and intended audience. Newspaper style includes informative materials: brief news items, headlines, ads, additional articles. But not everything published in the paper can be included in N.S., for example, publicist essays, feature articles, scientific reviews are not N.S. News writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event - who, what, when, where and why (the Five Ws) and also often how - at the opening of the article. This form of structure is sometimes called the "inverted pyramid", to refer to the decreasing importance of information in subsequent paragraphs. News stories also contain at least one of the following important characteristics relative to the intended audience: proximity, prominence, timeliness, human interest, oddity, or consequence. Newspapers generally adhere to an expository writing style. Over time and place, journalism ethics and standards have varied in the degree of objectivity or sensationalism they incorporate. Definitions of professionalism differ among news agencies; their reputations, according to professional standards, and depending on what the reader wants, are often tied to the appearance...
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...Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice | |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |Unsatisfactory |Less Than |Satisfactory |Good |Excellent | | |71.00% |Satisfactory |79.00% |89.00% |100.00% | | | |75.00% | | | | |80.0 %Content | | |20.0 % Identifies |Does not identify an |Identifies an ethical|There is limited |Relevant context and |Analysis of issue is | | |Ethical Dilemma |ethical dilemma; or |dilemma. But the |discussion of |thorough discussion of|comprehensive. | | | |identifies an ethical |description of the |relevant context |issue are provided. |Explores issue with | | | |dilemma but provides |ethical dilemma is |and exploration of |Identifies |broad perspective, | | | |no analysis of the |very vague; or the |implications. |implications and |identifying underlying| | | |ethical implications. |analysis of the |Identifies...
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...be supposed how eagerly she went through them, and what a contrariety of emotions they exited. Her feelings as she read were scarcely to be defined. […]. She read with an eagerness which hardly left her power of comprehension; and, from impatience of knowing what the next sentence might bring, was incapable of attending to the sense of the one before her eyes (Austen 181). The diction Austen uses heavily...
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...STYLES IN TECHNICAL WRITING What is style in technical writing? Styles: the feature of one’s writing that show its individuality, separating it from the writing of another. Style result from the conscious and subconscious decisions each writer makes in matters like word choice, word order, sentence length, and active and passive voice. These decisions are different from the “right and wrong” matters of wrong grammar and mechanics. Instead, they comprise writers make in deciding how to transmit ideas to others. Different styles in technical writing: a.a. Writing in clear sentences: Guideline 1: Place the Main Point near the Beginning One way to satisfy this criterion for good style is to avoid excessive use of the passive voice. Another way is to avoid lengthy introduction phrases or clauses at the beginning of sentences. Guideline 2: Focus on One Main Clause in Each Sentences When you sting together too many clauses with “and” or “but,” you dilute the meaning of your text. However, an occasional compound or compound-complex sentences is acceptable, just for variety. Guideline 3: Vary Sentences Length but Seek an Average Length of 15-20 Words Of course, do not think your writing process by counting words while you write. Instead, analyze one of your previous reports to see how you fare. If your sentences are too long, make an effort to shorten them, such as by making two sentences out of one compound sentences connected by “and” or a “but.” a.b. Being Concise: Guideline...
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...Structural Clarity (document level) ............................................................................ 7 Stylistic Clarity ........................................................................................................... 7 Grammatical Clarity.................................................................................................... 7 Contextual Clarity....................................................................................................... 7 Conciseness..................................................................................................................... 8 Document level Conciseness ...................................................................................... 8 Paragraph/sentence level Conciseness........................................................................ 8 Concreteness ................................................................................................................... 8 Coherence ....................................................................................................................... 8 Document level Coherence ......................................................................................... 8 Paragraph level Coherence...
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...Resource 1: EDA 551 Supervision and Instructional Leadership Benchmark Assessment and Rubric Targeted Essential Learning Effective leaders will need an understanding of the pervasive nature of supervision and instructional leadership. Successful administrators need interpersonal skills to address the challenges of the educational community. (ISLLC 2008: 2; ELCC 2, 3). Assessment Tool Selected Response Letter with Rationale Plan of Action Essay Specific Performance/Task(s) • Develop and sustain a culture of collaboration, trust, learning, and high expectations. (ISLLC 2008: 2A; ELCC 2.2, 3.2) • Explain a principal’s responsibility in instructional supervision. (ISLLC 2008: 2D; ELCC 2.4, 3.1) • Develop the instructional and leadership capacity of staff. (ISLLC 2008: 2F; ELCC 2.4) Relevancy of Task to Principal Candidate Effective leaders are often faced with situational crises that involve the need for immediate teacher supervision and evaluation. They will be asked to assess the situation, identify the appropriate path to follow, and recommend possible solutions to the crisis. Assessment: Student Prompts/Teacher Directions 1) Individual: A Sticky Affair: Evaluating Teachers (Benchmark Assessment) a) General Practicum Information: i) Review the EDA Program Handbook in its entirety in Module 1. ii) Identify a principal in an area Title I school who is willing to work as your mentor as you move through this class. Contact this principal, identify...
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...The text under analysis belongs to belle-lettres style. The sub-style is emotive prose. The biggest part of the text is the finest example of oratorical style. The extract is taken from the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”. The author of the novel is Harper Lee. She is an American writer. She was born in 1926 in the state of Alabama. In 1945-1949 she studied law at the University of Alabama. “To Kill a Mockingbird” is her first novel. It received almost unanimous critical acclaim and the Pulitzer Prize. In this book the author paints a true and lively picture of a quiet Southern town in Alabama rocked by a young girl’s accusation of criminal assault. The main character of the novel is Atticus Fintch, an experienced smart lawyer. He was asked to defend Tom Robinson, a Negro, who was charged with raping a white girl. Her name is Mayella Ewell and she is old Bob Ewell’s daughter. Atticus has got two children. Their names are Jem, who is thirteen and Jean Louise, nicknamed Scout, aged seven. The extract under consideration contains the scene in the court. Both children were present at the trail and it is Jean Louise who describes it. So, it’s the first point narration. Jean’s observations make the story vivid, convincing and emotional because she “saw something only lawyer’s child could be expected to see, could be expected to watch for”. Also her observations after her father help the reader to understand how Atticus was excited and nervous in the court. The atmosphere at the trail...
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...Предназначается для студентов институтов и факультетов иностранных языков и филологических факультетов университетов. GALPERIN STYLISTICS SECOND EDITION, REVISED Допущено Министерством высшего и среднего специального образования СССР в качестве учебника для студентов институтов и факультетов иностранных языков |[pic] |MOSCOW | | |"HIGHER SCHOOL" | | |1977 | TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Предисловие к первому изданию……………………………………………………..6 Предисловие к второму изданию……………………………………………………..7 Part I. Introduction 1. General Notes on Style and Stylistics…………………………………………9 2. Expressive Means (EM) and Stylistic Devices (SD)………………………...25 3. General Notes on Functional Styles of Language……………………………32 4. Varieties of Language………………………………………………………..35 5. A Brief Outline of the Development of the English Literary Standard Language……………………………………………………………………..41 6. Meaning from a Stylistic Point of View…………………………..…………57 Part II. Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary 1. General Considerations………………………………………………………70 2. Neutral, Common Literary and Common Colloquial Vocabulary…………..72 3. Special Literary...
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...exist on all the levels of the language. The most powerful are phonetic expressive means including stress, whispering, high/fall alliteration. Morphological expressive means include the use of second and third persons. Word-building expressive means - the use of deminuative suffixes, such as -y (frequently used). On the lexical level we distinguish neutral vocabulary and exressive vocabulary. [to die - to go West, to work - to labour, fear - horror]. Proverbs also belong to the expressive vocabulary. On the syntactical level we distinguish between the inversion and repetition. A stylistic device is a conscious and intentional intencification of some typical structural or semantic property of a language unit (word, word combination or sentence) promoted to a generalised stater and thus become a generative model. stylistic devices are built according to a fixed model [a nice table, a tasty table, an angry table; a tasty table - a case of metonomy, an angry table - a transfered epithet]. Expressive means are trite and frequently employed. Stylistic devices are geniune to a certain extent. Stylistic devices belong to the language in use. Expressive means belong to the language as a system. Expressive means are fixed in the dictionaries. According to their structure expressive means and stylistic devices can be the same [a cold day - expressive means, a sparkling day - a stylistic device]. Exits own features and qualitiespressive means have...
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...90-100: These essays have a clearly stated maxim and excellent examples to support it. While not without errors (typically missing commas in complex sentence constructions), these essays demonstrate a superior command of language (conventions, sentence fluency, word choice/diction). The ideas/ content matched to assignment’s requirements, though perhaps non-examples were not included (about 5% overall grade). B = 80-89: These essays have a clearly stated maxim and relevant examples to support it. These essays may include some usage and grammar errors (e.g., verb tense problems, fragments, comma-splices or run-ons) that detract from the overall effectiveness of the essay. The writers of these essays may not have included non- examples of the maxim (-5%), too. Essays earning a B-grade typically were considered for an A-grade, but missed the mark of excellence of the A- papers in either content (examples) and/or style (conventions, sentence fluency, word choice). C = 70-79: These essays demonstrate an understanding of the assignment by providing a maxim and at least two good examples of its application. The essay most often suffered from some grammatical and/or usage problems, including simple sentence constructions that did not show relationships between ideas. The essays may contain redundancy and “filler,” providing multiple sentences that say, essentially, the same thing; ideas are not developed as much as restated. D = 60-69: These essays attempted to address the writing prompt...
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