...authority over their lives. Gilman’s use of characterization provides these women with an longing to recapture their lives through revealing the negative psychological effects that result from the patriarchal suppression that is forced upon them by society. Through Glaspell’s application of characterization, these effects force these newly determined women to regain their lives. Similarly, Gilman utilizes the setting to communicate the negative psychological effects that result from the patriarchal society resulting in the women’s desire to reclaim their lives. Glaspell’s usage of the setting divulges the ambition to command their lives resulting from the negative psychological effects caused by patriarchal beliefs. Gilman and Glaspell both apply characterization and setting to exhibits women’s eagerness to manage their lives due to patriarchal suppression that often results in mental damage dehumanizing women. Gilman’s characterization of John conveys how sexism results in detrimental psychological effects, leading to women wanting to manage their own lives. The narrator’s husband, John, repeatedly convinces his wife that she is mentally sane despite her belief that she needs psychological aid. He has taken authority over his wife’s life and her mental state by manipulating her into surrendering power over her life. The husband repeatedly displays his dominance by manipulating his wife into believing that there “was [nothing] worse for a nervous patient than to give way to” the...
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...In an analysis published in the Columbia Journalism Review, Alex T. Williams, Ph.D. at University of Pennsylvania addresses the question of why there are so few minorities in mainstream media. The article suggests that the reasons for the lack of minorities in broadcast journalism careers are not solely due to a lack of minorities pursuing journalism degrees (White, 2015). According to studies from the American Society of News Editors, the Women’s Media Center and the advocacy group VIDA Women in Literary Arts, gender and racial diversity in newsrooms have scarcely improved in the last decade despite an increasing demand for more inclusive journalism in the current round-the-clock news cycle” (Abbady, 2017). The 2018 Status of Women in the U.S. Media study, by the Women’s Media Center, has seen an increase from 11.1% to 12.6% in 2017 in the number of women of color as local television news staff (Gonzalez-Ramirez, 2018). As for people of color, they make up 38.7% of the U.S. population and women make up 50.8% according to the U.S. Census Bureau (Gonzalez-Ramirez, 2018). These percentages has increased over the years, however race and gender in the news continues to reflect the struggles that women of color face over the decade (Abbay, 2017). Although not as significantly as before, women of color still face discrimination, they still have...
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...Eni Lile Counseling Professor Tonn Chao December, 15, 2010 SEXISM Sexism has always been a major issue for women. It seems that today, everyone has to be careful of what they say and do so as to avoid offending someone. While everyone is busy worrying about extinguishing sexism towards women, which in my opinion I think is still an issue that needs to be taken care of. Sexism is just as much of an issue to men as it is to women. Sexism is a particular concern for society when considering its effect in the workplace. Sexism has always been a particular problem in the labor market especially with the formation of capitalism. In the last half of the 20th century this has been especially highlighted due to the increase of woman entering the labor market. This aroused the need for legislation for equal opportunity for both sex's to be passed in 1975. It stated that discrimination of a person's sex whether male or female was unlawful in employment, union membership, education, provision of goods, services, advertisements. Many people believe that men have advantages over women when comes to a topic such as occupation. Although this may be true, in some cases it is in fact exactly the opposite. In today’s society is so concerned with political correctness and equal rights to women that it has almost completely forgotten about equal rights to men. If, in a hypothetical example, a man and a woman go into the same job...
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...women, specifically those within the sex trade market. Summary The current legislation on prostitution in Canada prohibits the action of prostitution, specifically surrounding the issue of solicitation and the use of public space. Although, it appears that prostitution is legal in Canada, the current law is riddled with arbitrariness, hypocrisy and virtually no enforcement. The current law reflects inherent bias and sexism towards women who decide to work within the sex industry and forces women to work in dangerous isolation, afraid to seek help. This reinforces patriarchal norms that insist women seduce men to the point where they no longer have any self-control, placing societal blame on the woman. This sexism locks women in to prostitution where they are subject to rape, violence or physical and psychological trauma. In Canada, Aboriginal women are over-represented within the sex trade industry because of vulnerability to exploitation driven by poverty. The current legislation does not adhere to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, negating women’s right to equal opportunities and the personal autonomy over their own body. Recommendations A reformation of this legislation would criminalize johns and pimps who purchase or exploit women, while decriminalizing women within prostitution. The reformation would follow a similar policy implemented in Sweden where pimping, procuring and operating a brothel are illegal. It would combat human...
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... X d. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., a black Harvard University professor, was arrested in his own home for disorderly conduct. Week 7: Chapter 15 - Women: The Oppressed Majority 1. Gunnar Myrdal, in An American Dilemma (1944), observed that an experience parallel to that of __________ was found among __________. X a. Black Americans; women b. Hispanic Americans; women c. Black Americans; first generation immigrants d. Black Americans; Hispanic Americans Gunnar Myrdal observed that a parallel to the Blacks’ role in society was found among women. 2. The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is called X a. sexism. b. androgyny. c. sex stratification. d. gender identity. Sexism is the ideology that one sex is superior to the other. 3. The idea that men and women can be both aggressive and expressive describes a. sexism. X b. androgyny. c. gender identity. d. bisexuality. androgynous model of behavior permits people to see that humans can be both aggressive and expressive, 4. Which term refers to behaviors, attitudes, and activities prescribed for males and females? a. manifest functions b. latent functions x c. gender roles d instrumentality Gender roles are society’s expectations of the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females 5. Both African...
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...Sexism in Politics As far as the politics goes, there has been, without fail, discrimination, sexism and stereotyping. Many of those that do not fit into the desires of the mainstream, for example, women who have endeavoured to break that handicap in society as well as the political sphere. Modern times have shown greater acceptance and tolerance towards groups that do not meet requirements of circumscribed circles. In this essay, the issue addressed is the lack of equality in this particular circumscribed circle called politics on an international level. There is still the need to define discrimination, stereotyping and prejudice among groups and race. In modern times, psychologists and scholars have focused their attention to human behaviour, the human mind as well as gender based issues within the political sphere and even within that area, issues of discrimination, stereotyping, prejudice especially gender do not cease to exist. Sexism has, in the modern era, gained much academic and social legitimacy. Scholars and feminists have thoroughly examined the politics of identification as follows: (a) Gender shapes not only who we are but the world(s) we live in (b) Resistance to changing our personal (gender) identities obstructs feminist movement (c) The identity of the modern subject is not gender neutral but masculine (and typically European) (d) Feminist identity is itself problematic given the diversity (non-identity) among women. (e) Identity...
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...examine when the National Black Feminist Organization was founded and lastly, how two outstanding women who made an impact in the Black Feminist Movement. According to Encyclo (n.d.) online encyclopedia the definition of black feminism is “A strand of feminist thought which highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, class and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite women. Black feminists reject the idea of a single unified gender oppression that is experienced evenly by all women, and argue that early feminist analysis reflected the specific concerns of white, middle-class women.” In other words, black feminist argue that the liberation of black women entails freedom for all people since it would require the end of racism, sexism and class oppression. This brings me to the theory and practice of black feminism and how it is making waves. According to Taylor (2001), … (Black Scholar, para. 2) states, “it seems that far too many black people continue to link the feminist movement exclusively to the activism of bourgeois white women and not to struggles initiated by African Americans for freedom,...
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...FEMINISM IS FOR EVERYBODY Passionate Politics bell hooks South End Press Cambridge, MA CONTENTS Copyright © 2000 by Gloria Watkins Cover design by Ellen P. Shapiro Cover illustration by Laura DeSantis, © Artville Any properly footnoted quotation of up to 500 sequential words may be used without permission, as long as the total number of words quoted does not exceed 2,000. For longer quotations or for a greater number of total words, please write to South End Press for permission. INTRODUCTION Come Closer to Feminism 1. 2. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hooks, Bell. Feminism is for everybody: passionate politics / Bell Hooks. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89608-629-1 - ISBN 0-89608-628-3 (pbk.) 1. Feminist theory. 2. Feminism - Philosophy. 3. Feminism Political aspects. 4. Sex discrimination against women. 1. Title. FEMINIST POLITICS Where We Stand 1 CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING A Constant Change of Heart 7 3. SISI:ERHOOD IS STILL POWERFUL 4. Vll 13 00-036589 South End Press, 7 Brookline Street, #1, Cambridge, MA 02139 06 05 04 7 8 9 Printed in Canada 19 OUR BODIES, OURSELVES Reproductive Rights 25 6. HQl190 .H67 2000 305.42'01 - dc21 FEMINIST EDUCATION FOR CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS BEAUTY WITHIN AND WITHOUT 31 7. FEMINIST CLASS STRUGGLE 37 8. GLOBAL FEMINISM 44 5. 9. WOMEN AT WORI( 48 10. RACE AND GENDER 55 ...
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...Bathrooms are a place where an individual uses everyday with little to no thought. As for people who don't identify by gender lies a whole world of complications. Transgender people get harassed and bullied everyday because they use the "wrong" bathroom but which bathroom is exactly the "right" one? In a recent poll, 59 percent of Americans believe that transgender individuals should use the bathroom that corresponds with the gender they were assigned at birth, while 26 percent are comfortable with self-determination when it comes to choosing which bathroom to use. Some people believe that if you are born a girl but identity as a man, you should still use the room based on your genitalia. Others believe if you identify as a man, you should use the men's room. Either way, someone in either bathroom is upset. Stereotypes from the past as well as what genitals people are born with are major contributors to the labeling of bathrooms. This presents a problem in today’s society where gender and sex is no longer the same thing. This is where the controversy lies. Until not too long ago, the racial separation of bathrooms was an important civil rights issue in the United States. Since there were unlikely to be four separate bathrooms, only white women and men could depend on having someplace to pee when traveling (Cooper and Ruth, 1999, Pages 12-13). People of other races had no where to use a restroom and were seen as wrong if they were to ever use a whites only bathroom. Twenty years...
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...1007/s11199-014-0418-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Are You Man Enough to be a Nurse? The Impact of Ambivalent Sexism and Role Congruity on Perceptions of Men and Women in Nursing Advertisements Kimberley A. Clow & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Wally J. Bartfay # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Framed by role congruity and ambivalent sexism, the current study is designed to investigate perceptions of male and female nurses. Specifically, 167 Canadian undergraduates from Southern Ontario viewed a potential nursing recruitment advertisement (female nurse, male nurse, or masculinity emphasized male nurse), reported their perceptions of the nurse in the advertisement, and rated the appropriateness of nursing as a career for men and women. MANOVAs revealed that participants viewed the male nurses more negatively (less competent and more deviant) in the masculinity emphasized condition than the male nurse condition, which is consistent with role congruity theory. Correlations further revealed that men in the male nurse condition and women in the masculinity emphasized condition who were higher in hostile sexism were more likely to rate the depicted male nurse as deviant than their lower scoring peers. Female participants rated nursing as a more appropriate career for men than did male participants, suggesting that resistance toward male nurses may stem primarily from other men. The ambivalent sexism scores of men and women related differently in each condition to ratings of the appropriateness...
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...ETH/125 05/06/2012 Debra Bloom Appendix H Women have been looked at as the naturally weaker then the men. Domestic chores is what women were put to do as a job. Men were to keep to the heavy work such as hunting and plowing in labor. Women are taught to care for the children they beard, cook and clean for the household. In laws around the world women were allowed to make contracts, own land, and be sued by others if unmarried. A women who became married gave up everything to her husband, even her name. During the history the men effectively owned his wife and the children as material possessions. Two women, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who were temperance and antislavery advocates formed the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) in New York in 1869. Another women, Lucy Stone, organized American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston at the same time. As women start to become leaders in the professional world, they have also jobs once regarded as too physically strenuous. Women have become coal miners, fire fighters and police officers. As they advance professionally, so do their self image. In the professions there are more opportunities. There seems to be a "glass ceiling" a level which women do not rise. Women were, however, paid much less for such work than men, and their economic "value" decreased. It took many decades of determination for the legal reform to end the discrimination against women. Femininity is changing, girls are less romantic...
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...still subjected to unfair and unjustified prejudice, stereotyping, sexism and conservative old fashioned gender role ideas. Women were believed to be passive and weak which is a complete contrast to how most of the world views women today. When compared...
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...Discrimination in the Workplace Workplace discrimination has been around for years. However, there are laws that try to protect employees from that type of behavior today. The Employment Non-Discrimination Act (EDNA) prohibits discrimination in the workplace based on gender, race, disability, and recently included, sexual orientation (Anonymous, 2009). Yet despite existing laws about discrimination, many employees still suffer from some type of discrimination or harassment in the workplace. I will discuss the most common types of discrimination and some solutions that may work in your organization. Sexism is still prevalent even in 2009. For example co-authors Levitt and Dubner were featured on ABC’s 20/20 promoting their new book called Super Freakonomics which is the sequel to their original book called Freakonomics. On the show Steven Levitt stated that, “Women’s liberation has been great for high end prostitutes but not for our children.”(2009) Levitt and Dubner believe that in the 1940’s, more than half of Americas brightest women were schoolteachers. Now they have gone on to become doctors, lawyers, and bankers. Therefore, teachers are now left up people that are not as qualified. Levitt stated that successful women with MBA’s end up marrying men with MBA’s and staying home. This is the reason they are not paid as well. They believe that men are motivated by money and women are motivated by families. The authors go on to say that it is not discrimination that caused...
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...When analyzing problems of global societies, it is important to keep this idea in mind: no matter how deep-seated the issue may be, it still deserves efforts to eradicate it. Without these efforts, problems would be exacerbated and ultimately, little to no social change would ever come about. Similarly to the Civil Rights Movement in the previously-segregated United States or the ongoing fight for women’s rights around the world, these uprisings of rebellion against the social status quo are never easily accepted. However, without these movements, civil rights in the domestic as well as international community would be much less expansive than they are today. For these reasons, it is important that the highly prominent issue of domestic violence within India receives attention. In order to fully analyze this problem, it is vital to know why it exists....
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...more hostile sexism and less egalitarian attitudes toward women. They also found an association between hostile sexism and low agreeableness, including characteristics of antagonism, hostility, disagreeableness, and suspiciousness (Hald, Malamuth, & Lange, 2013). The researchers explain that this may be due to the influence of pornography assumption on the acquisition of sexist attitudes by males. Based on psychologists Albert Bandura’s social learning theory, pornography is thought to influence attitudes and behaviors though roles models and reinforcing scenarios of sexual behaviors, sex roles, attitudes, and gender stereotypes. Pornography also influence the development of sexual scripts, a guide for sexual behaviors (Hald, Malamuth, & Lange, 2013). Through explicit imagery and implicit messages, pornography conditions and reinforces sexual attitudes and behaviors. As such, pornography is criticized for its promotion of gender inequality and acts of aggression toward women, due to how it may negatively socialize consumers. Recent research has found that pornography can have a potentially negative effect on men and their relationship with women. Prior studies have found that differences in pornography use are due to sociocultural influences, instead of biological or evolutionary influences. Researchers Szymanski, Feltman, and Dunn (2015) examined the effect of women’s perceptions of their male partners’ pornography use on the relationship. They examined the women’s’ attitude...
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