...OFF-DUTY CONDUCT OF POLICE OFFICERS Off-Duty Conduct of Police Officers Dan Henderson Abstract Police officers are held to a higher standard and pledge to follow the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics both on and off-duty. Some officers knowingly violate laws expecting preferential treatment if caught. This creates a double standard and fosters a lack of trust and respect by the general public. Police departments must hold officers accountable for off-duty incidents to maintain public trust and department integrity. Officers must hold each other accountable and not accept unethical or illegal behavior of any kind from a peer. Off-Duty Behavior of Police Officers Introduction Police officers in the United States are tasked with protecting the public from all enemies foreign and domestic. A police officer’s duties range from basic documentation of crimes that have occurred, to the active engagement, and battling of criminals to protect the citizens they serve. Police officers learn the Police Officer’s Code of Ethics while training in the police academy. They are expected to conduct themselves, both on duty and off with the Police Officer’s Code of Ethics in mind. Public expectation of fair and equal treatment The public that police officers serve have an expectation of fair and equal treatment. The Constitution of the United States (Bill of Rights) provides guarantees to all people in the United States of America. Article the sixth (Amendment IV)...
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...Corruption in Leadership: Public Service and Government Cynthia Klecha Abstract Corruption throughout the world is extensive. Corruption is defined as the twisting of integrity. A corrupt individual is an opponent of the truth; their virtues and ethics are deficient. In the United States, people in all positions of private district, public assistance, and government bureaus have been entangled in varieties of corruption. Corruption crimes include bribes, insider trading, patronage, embezzlement, electoral fraud, kickbacks, unholy alliances, conflicts of interest and several others. Corruption is a weapon that demoralizes the credibility of public institutions. It attacks the morality of justice and damages society. Effective law enforcement is essential to corroborate anti-corruption efforts. Law enforcement agencies are constructing anti-corruption teams to detect and punish any public or government official, along with any public servant who violates corruption laws. Introduction Corruption throughout the world is extensive. Corruption is defined as the twisting of integrity. A corrupt individual is an opponent of the truth; their virtues and ethics are deficient. Corruption is a weapon that demoralizes the credibility of public institutions. Corruption attacks the morality of justice and damages society. Corruption crimes include bribes, insider trading, patronage, embezzlement...
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...Introduction The welfare of a company depends on the shoulders of the directors and the directors are also responsible for the interests of the company as well as shareholders. Directors are basically fiduciary agents and they owe duties to the company, directors' are appointed by the company's shareholders to run the company's affairs for the benefits of the shareholders. Moreover, no company can get success without having the good and honest directors, so company success can only be achieved, if the directors of the company fulfil their duties and complete enforcement of the director's duties. Therefore directors play very significant role in any corporate governance system. Director's general duties are based on the certain common law rules and equitable principles. Lord Judge Bowen explains director's duties in these beautiful words that “directors are described sometimes as agents, sometimes as trustees and sometimes as managing partners. But each of this expression is to be used not as exhaustive of their powers and responsibilities, but indicating useful points of view from which they may for the moment and for the particular purpose be considered.” The Chapter 1 of this paper is amid to critically analyze that what are the duties and responsibilities of directors under Companies Act 2006. The duties of directors alone are of no importance if they cannot be fully enforced, the chapter 2 of this piece of work relates to the system of enforcement which provides the different...
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...THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND ETHICAL TRANSFORMATION: ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BUREAUCRACY Introduction Ethics is gaining prominence in the discourse about governance today. There is a perception that standards in public life are in decline. This raises questions about the costs of misconduct on the part of those who have been entrusted with guarding public interest and resources. These costs are losses in trust and confidence in public institutions and losses in precious resources which were meant to support the economic and social development of nations and peoples. There is a move worldwide to restore a measure of trust and integrity in public institutions and officials, to safeguard democracy and promote better governance. It could be argued that the perception of a fall in public standards is linked to the shifting role of the state, which is undergoing tremendous reform. Globalization, technological advances, spreading democratization and fiscal crises are challenging states to deal with strong external forces, be - smart - in serving its citizenry, devolve power, and divest it of obsolete activities. As a result, the public service, as an institution, is under pressure to transform itself to respond to these changes. As public servants are asked to take on new and sometimes conflicting roles, there is a need for a cost-effective structure and an encouraging culture to enforce standards and guide their behavior. Government and society cannot promote and enforce ethical...
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...important to recognize that JobbersWorld is a publication that specifically targets lubricant distributors. As such, the demographic reflect this bias with 54% of the responses coming from lubricant distributors. Independent lubricant manufacturers (ILM) account for 23% of the responses, as shown in Figure 1. What best describes your company's business activity: Figure 1 Distribution of Respondents 13% 23% 6% 2% 1% 54% Note: Does not add to 100% due to rounding. . COPYRIGHT © 2009 PETROLEUM TRENDS INTERNATIONAL, INC. Page 1 Quality Do you feel there is an issue with low quality and/or off‐spec lubricants in the market? Eighty five percent (85%) of the total say “yes” there is an issue with low quality and/or off‐spec lubricant in the market. Only 15% say there is not, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Do you feel there is an issue with low quality and/or off spec lubricants in the market? No: 15% Yes: 85% Source: Petroleum Trends International, Inc. Interestingly, the responses to this question were relatively consistent among lubricant distributors, major oil companies, independent lubricant manufacturers, and additive suppliers. As illustrated in Figure 3 each group feels strongly there is an issue with low quality and/or off‐spec lubricants in the US market. Although responses to this question are consistent among...
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...ADVANTAGES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN A COUNTRY Governance definition varies from an institution to another, an author to another and from one setting to another. This paper intertwines various definitions of governance as a basis of understanding good governance, outlines the principles of good governance, and discusses the advantage of good governance based on six key principles with variance examples across the continent. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Governance refers to the manner in which public officials and public institutions acquire and exercise the authority to provide public goods and services, including the delivery of basic services, infrastructure, and a sound investment climate (World Bank, 2007). It is also the exercise of power or authority; political, economic, administrative or otherwise to manage a country's resources and affairs (Kefela, 2011). The United Nation (2008) has defined governance in terms of process of government action and how things are done, not just what is done. Governance covers the quality of institutions and their effectiveness in translating policy into successful implementation, which includes the mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences (Kefela, 2011). The referred institutions are the bodies setting formal rules (property rights, rule of law etc) while taking into account informal constraints (beliefs...
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...Why corruption is responsible for slow economic growth Corruption around the world is believed to be endemic and pervasive and a significant contributor to slow economic growth, to stifle investment, to inhibit the provision of public services and to increase inequality to such an extent that international organizations like the World Bank have identified corruption as ‘the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development’ (World Bank, 2001). More recently, the World Bank has estimated that more than US$ 1 trillion is paid in bribes each year and that countries that tackle corruption, improve governance and the rule of law could increase per capita incomes by a staggering 400 percent (World Bank, 2004). Commensurate with the place of corruption on the policy agenda, the economics literature has paid increased attention to the issue of corruption. Though the recent literature is mainly theoretical in focus, there have also been attempts – albeit relatively few in number – to address the causes and consequences of corruption from an empirical standpoint. Notable efforts in this area include, among others, Mauro (1995; 1998) on the impact of corruption on economic growth and investment and composition of government expenditure, Treisman (2000) on the causes of corruption and Fisman and Gatti (2002) on the links between political structure and corruption. In reviewing the literature of corruption, the dissertation will attempt to highlight the various definitions, forms...
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...billion to American and European authorities to settle charges that it routinely used bribes and slush funds to secure huge public works contracts around the world. The company pleaded guilty in federal court in Washington to charges that it violated a 1977 law banning the use of corrupt practices in foreign business dealings. Officials at the Justice Department and at the S.E.C., which also investigated the case, said that some Siemens agents in the United States participated in the schemes. But most of the transactions were in foreign countries. Company employees created off-the-books slush funds, used middlemen posing as consultants and delivered suitcases filled with cash to bribe foreign officials. (Doughety, 2008) Linda Chatman Thomsen, the head of the S.E.C.’s enforcement division, said that the company paid an estimated $1.4 billion in bribes to government officials in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Latin America. She called the schemes “unprecedented in scale and geographic reach.” The United States claimed partial jurisdiction because Siemens, once it became listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 2001, was subject to American financial laws and regulations. Prosecutors in Munich, whose work revealed the outlines of the bribery operation, also announced a deal with Siemens that would cost the company 395 million euros ($540 million). That figure is in addition to $290 million levied by a Munich court last year. (Doughety, 2008) As managers of multinational enterprises...
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...Background. After years, even decades of growing disenchantment of the Russian people with their government leadership and inability to provide a stable economy, Russia of the 1990’s was about to experience even more turbulence in an attempt to provide stability, economic growth and become a superpower on the world stage once again. As the end of the Cold War drew to a close, Russians demanded more freedom and independence from the old Soviet-style ways of operating their country and thus led to a break from the Soviet Union in 1991. While Gorbachev attempted to maintain his power and keep the Soviet Union united, the fate of Russia had already been decided and a new leader emerged by the name of Boris Yeltsin. However, unbeknownst to the Russian citizenry, their country was about to experience greater instability and deterioration in their economy by way of ill-advised reforms, more specifically poorly planned tax policies, inexperienced leadership, lack of and disrespect for rule of law, continuous changing of laws and their Constitution, inefficient and upside-down government infrastructure, absent institutionalization, increased foreign government debt (see Exhibit 12), hyper-inflation (see Exhibit 7D), devaluation of their currency and finally a contraction of their national GDP. These serious issues, or flawed attempts to make Russians lives better, resulted instead in corruption, violence, poor national health, distrust of government leadership, and a bankrupt...
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...omKennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects 4-1-2013 A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Chinelo Okekeocha Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd Part of the Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Okekeocha, Chinelo, "A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria" (2013). Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects. Paper 566. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Chinelo Okekeocha A Practicum Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Public Administration Kennesaw State University May 2013 A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Executive Summary In 2011, Nigeria was ranked 143th out of 182 countries surveyed by the Transparency International in its corruption perception index indicating the level of corruption in the country as compared to other countries. Although this came as an improvement from the previous years, it did not result from an improved system of governance, rather it was due to an increase...
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...AFRICA NAZARENE UNIVERSITY UNIT TITLE : BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS UNIT CODE : BCM 308 TASK : GROUP WORK STUDENT NO. NAME : NEWTON WANYAMA 12M03EBA074 : LEWIS MUNDIA 12J03ABA007 : JAMES IKUA 12S03EBA003 : MARY ODERO 12S03ABA011 : GLADYS MUMO 12J03EBA011 : PENINAH MBUTHIA : GEORGE OLIWA QUESTION : Discuss the ethical issues in research? DUE: 8 JULY 2013 LECTURER: HANIEL NJOGU MUCHIRI INTRODUCTION When most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of rules for distinguishing between right and wrong, such as the Golden Rule ("Do unto others as you would have them do unto you’’. This is the most common way of defining "ethics": norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Most people learn ethical norms at home, at school, in church, or in other social settings. Although most people acquire their sense of right and wrong during childhood, moral development occurs throughout life and human beings pass through different stages of growth as they mature. Ethical norms are so ubiquitous that one might be tempted to regard them as simple commonsense. On the other hand, if morality were nothing more than commonsense, then why are there so many ethical disputes and...
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...enabling, or sometimes, forcing employees to act in the organization’s best interest. Such a MCS will influence the behaviour of organizational resources to implement organizational strategies. The present MCS is applied to a private hospital, which employs 40 staff and 20 medical doctors, offering medical services and special personal care to all patients. Such hospital accepts all the patients, no matter who has Medicare care insurance or not. When designing and applying this system to a private hospital, which we should figure out both key action and key results, starting from people control, combing with other types of control with varies degree of tightness, according different issues to address three common control problems to implement the whole system. 1.1 Objectives and strategies The hospital aims to provide special personal care to large extent and promote and protect the interest of our hospital. Base on setting objectives, a series of strategies are formulated to achieve management control. Those strategies include promoting and recognizing the highest professional, ethical standard and healthy service delivery; stimulating greater awareness of private hospital excellence through improved communication between doctors and other staffs. 1.2 Key actions Maintaining low operating costs Reducing direct cost and avoiding indirect cost as possible as it can. In order to reduce the cost which is not necessary, it requires applying appropriate tightness of control to eliminate...
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...look at the assumptions behind this idea, in an effort to understand better the meaning of ethica] management decisions. A distinction is made between stakeholder analysis and stakeholder synthesis. The two most natural kinds of stakeholder synthesis are then defined and discussed: strategic and multi-fiduciary. Paradoxically, the former appears to yield business without ethics and the latter appears to yield ethics without business. The paper concludes by suggesting that a third approach to stakeholder thinking needs to be developed, one that avoids the paradox just men* tioned and that clarifies for managers (and directors) the legitimate role of ethical considerations in decision-making. So we must think through what management should be accountable for; and how and through whom its accountability can be discharged. The stockholders' interest, both short- and long-term, is one of the areas. But it is only one. Peter Dnicker, 1988 Harvard Business Review W HAT is ethically responsible management? How can a corporation, given its economic mission, be managed with appropriate attention to ethical concerns? These are central questions in the field of business ethics. One approach to answering such questions that has become popular during the last two decades is loosely referred to as "stakeholder anaiysis." Ethically responsible management, it is often suggested, is management that includes careful attention not only to stockholders but to stakeholders generally in the decision-making...
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...The London School of Economics and Political Science THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE DEMOCRATISATION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS: From ‘Soft Power’ to Collective Decision-Making? Saif Al-Islam Alqadhafi A thesis submitted to the Department of Philosophy of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2007 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. 2 Abstract This dissertation analyses the problem of how to create more just and democratic global governing institutions, exploring the approach of a more formal system of collective decision-making by the three main actors in global society: governments, civil society and the business sector. The thesis seeks to make a contribution by presenting for discussion an addition to the system of international governance that is morally...
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...Introduction To Public Administration–MGT111 VU LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The course on Public Administration/Management has following objectives: Understand the concept of public administration/ management/organization Understand the evolution of the concept of public administration and its importance Understand the role of government Understand the role and core functions of public manager Understand the structure of government /organizations Create understanding about the skills required by the public manager in imparting duties Understand the changing role of government and role of public managers. Importance of Course: The course on public administration/management is important as every citizen must understand the functioning of government. Besides, whether one works in private or public organization, or one is doing ones own business or whatever the profession, this course is useful as it helps understand organizations and their functioning. It also helps us understand the environment in which we are working. Introduction: definitions, concepts & setting At the end of lecture the students should be able to understanding: • The meaning of PA • The practice of public administration (PA) • Public administration as a subject of study • Definition of Public administration • Public administration, democracy and rights of citizens The Meaning The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and ‘ministiare’ = serve and ‘Public’ =people or...
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