Similarities and Differences between Germany Nazism and Italy Fascism {Author’s name}
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Similarities and Differences between Germany Nazism and Italy Fascism
Introduction
Fascism defined, implies an organization or acceptable rule of administration characterized by a government system led by a dictator who exercises harsh and strict control over the citizens, and the commons are mandated to comply with the government rule without resistance. Most authoritarian regimes rely on nationality or race to garner influence and support for a centralized autocratic government. The main aim of a fascist government is to enhance national unity and maintain a stable order in the society by exercising the element of fear among the citizens. Totalitarianism was able to exercise influence, by garnering devotion from regime loyalist. Its prominent execution was purported to collectively influence the success of a country. Supporters of the regime were rewarded by significant posts and incentives while non-loyalists were expected to remain silent without questioning the administrations motives. Use of violence was supported by the administration system to neutralize any emergent form of oppression. Fascism was a prominent governing system that was established during the early twentieth century, based on the need to respond to western influence and assert dictatorial states as new world leaders.
The common character present in both ideologies is the nation or state was put before the rest. If a state was conceived by fascist regimes then the nation would speaks would be organized, structured and from its unity arise above the rest (Eatwell, 2011).Stalwarts were the propellers of the movement, their role was to obey and follow the chain of command nurturing a controlled society. The benefit of unity would enable fascist regimes create a great impact and rise above the rest. Fear of the nation’s capability from its unified voice would cherish the rise to supremacy.

Nazism and Fascism Overview
German Nazism and Italian Fascism were popular school of thoughts exercised by authoritarian leaders after the end of world war one. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini are two authoritarian leaders responsible for fostering the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy respectively. The need to speak in one voice clearly elaborated the need of establishing an authoritarian rule, an aspect favored by some. Fascism was a harsh way to unite the commons and deemed the best alternative compared to capitalistic ideologies and socialistic preferences.
Nazism and fascism were mostly identical in approach as both ideologies were based on common principles, only a few differences can be highlighted from the two. Both tactical in approach, domination of the world were the key agenda in the two authoritarian schools of thought. The idea of regeneration and rebirth of a nation defined as a collective spirit, fostered support for fascism by partisan. The leaders in fascist regimes were admired and most state institutions choose to please the rulers wish in order to win the ruler over, an aspect that would favor the partisan’s policies and implementations.
Diggins (2015) notes the authoritarian ideologies did not favor enlightenment of the common rather relied on individual will and basic emotions as the determinants of influence. The leader was viewed as a demi-god, and commoners were to best carry out his wish without questioning. The individual leader and associated political elites were deemed perfectly suited to steer the nation forward while safeguarding the states interests. Prior to the Implementation of the two ideologies, Germany and Italy had suffered devastating consequences amongst which land and lives were lost. This drove the need to unify under a supreme leader.

Common Characteristics Defining Nazis and Fascist Regimes
Centralized Authority structure The Nazi and Fascist regimes were defined by the establishment of a central and unified administration regime. The regime was headed by a dictatorial leader who was the overall overseer of the regime success. The leader mainly executed favorable policies and headed the entire nation. The government was the leader and vice versa is true. Each political affiliation tried best to abide by the leaders wishes so as to gain favor from the regime commander. In Italy Benito Mussolini was the authoritarian head while in Germany Adolph Hitler was the savior of public outcry. Justified use of Violence The authoritarian regimes believed in war as the solution to most crises they were up against. Mussolini publicly supported engagement in war during the expansion of Fascist party policies. The aspect of commanding nationalism was based on the ability of the military to assert dominance over foreign nations and new colonies. In Germany, violence played an important role in creation of the new order. The Jews were massacred based on the extensive use of force. Military support was an important supportive organ of the fascist regimes as the forces played a vital part in neutralizing any uprising against the respective regimes (Bar-On, 2008).
Discontented World war one outcomes
Outcomes of World War one clearly had severe impacts on Germany and Italy. Both states were dissatisfied by the results of the war. Germany for instance lost a significant territorial portion and population. This frustrated the nation more and drove the desire of asserting dominance over the rest. Italy was a frustrated counterpart since it had actively participated in World war one with the assurance of Territory reward for their unremitting cooperation. Having lost a significant portion of their military personnel during war and disgruntled by the territory partition, Italy was compelled to unify as one and assert their dominance. Both of the regimes were compelled by outcomes of world war one.
Emerging of Founding Fathers
Italy- Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini was the architecture behind Italy’s Fascism. After periods of instability that had engulfed the state, Mussolini exploited the scene to establish the Fascist party in 1919. He gathered abundant support from different sectors of the society at the moment of commencement. War veterans upheld his ideologies as they desired to fight in the new army, industrialist and capitalists favored the movement based on fear against communism. People believed he was the right leader to enable them attain lost glory including territories lost.
Germany-Adolph Hitler. Adolph Hitler played an instrumental role in establishing the Nazi regime in Germany. Having served in the military from humble beginnings he was viewed as a leader of the common. His involvement in the German Workers party laid a platform for his later leadership roles. His public critique on the treaty of versatile enabled him gain the required support. After prior coup failed attempt, he formed the Nazi party, an organ that was elected by wide majority. The party pushed for Aryan Dominance and relied on propaganda to effectively attract a wide following. His intellectual point of view, disregarded capitalism and communism, and aimed to establish a new order free of Jew and Slavs influence that he associated with World War one upsurge.

Comparison between Nazism and Fascism
Common Cause of Origin (Frustrated Nationalism) The Nazi regime arose as a result of dissatisfaction with the events that proceeded after world war one. The treaty of Versailles that was universally resented had severe impact on Germany as the nation lost a significant portion of its territory (Passmore, 2014). Rapid social upheaval coupled with the rise of capitalism and socialism around Europe contributed significantly as catalyst factors. In Italy most of its military had been recruited into world war one with promises of land. As a result Italy had sacrificed a lot into the war from materialist proportions to numerous lives lost. Hash times defined the nation as it was engulfed in poverty, food crisis and the citizens were extremely dissatisfied. Both authoritarian regimes hence rose as a responsive measure to common events in history.
Support for nationalized Chauvinism Chauvinism is a phase that denotes the existence of superiority and inferiority, and the ability to the superior group to dominate the inferior faction. Nazism and Italian Fascism were ideologies that vouched for the existence of superior and inferior races, but believed they were the superior sect. Nazism in Germany arose from the desire of the Aryan race conquest to establish itself as the superior race over the rest. In Italy, the nation was regarded superior; the populace was to play a vital role in expanding the nation by instilling a sense of superiority over the inferior people (Hainsworth, 2008). Fascism and Nazism were similar ideologies since they both incorporated an element of superiority and inferiority.
Fear of Communism
Italy was defined by high unemployment rates, food shortages, and inflations factors that cultivated discontent among the general population. The communist party was broadening its control, and the upper and middle class Italy families feared communist revolution within their state. Mussolini an authoritarian opportunist fueled the overthrow of communism by use of propaganda. In Germany the communist party tried to seize Berlin but the revolution outraged Nazi loyalist and the insurgence was crushed (Kitchen, 2014). Hitler exploited the fear of a future uprising by spreading propaganda about the organization. Although the communist were fewer in number they represented a force that could cause unforeseeable harm in the future.
Distrust in Democracy Italy and Germany were countries that had a brief history of democracy and the notion of individual equality was associated with national disunity and inefficiency in controlling a disorder. Both authoritarian regimes despised democracy as it promoted division among citizens. The concept of democracy was not welcomed as fascist movements were deemed the best solution present at the time. Most of the nations then were defined by industrialization, expansion procedures and lack of knowledge on how to run government systems. Dictatorship regime perfectly substituted democratic roles and vilified the entire democratic process.
Extreme adoption of social Darwinism and liberalism The theory developed by Herbert Spencer purported the claim; human progress is upheld by continuous struggle for existence. The Nazism and Italian fascism ideologies implemented extremes of the theory, as the authoritarian regimes executed violent means to ensure they rise as the dominant force over the rest. These regimes were ready to bear the burden as long as they survived at the cost of the rest. The Ideology of liberalism vied for organization of individual nations based on liberal constitution rather than Monarchial governments. The barbaric regimes implemented extreme expansionary nationalism as an approach to achieve national supremacy.
Fascism relied on faith based allies. The fundamental purpose of the dictatorship administration was to establish willpower over materialism and this was justified by military conquest. Mass appeal was an important factor to manipulate as it would boost partisan loyalist and overall influence of the regime in power. Fascism and Nazism were platforms that depended on mass parades and meeting as an arena to suffice their motives. According to Goldberg (2008) uniforms, flags and other propaganda materials were applied by the regimes to exert influence on the commons and hence command a large population that can be commanded into action, as extended Para-military forces.
Social Objectives was a Key Determinant The authoritarian leaders were extremely influential since they both presented themselves as a representative leader and common soldier. In Germany Adolph Hitler had risen from humble beginnings to command a senior post. Mussolini on the other hand, had actively participated in socialism as a leading socialist. Both of the leaders tried to serve overall purposes instead of pushing for private interests. By doing so, they applied aspects of socialism into their own regimes as the demanding leaders chose to put public interest ahead of private greed.
Presence of a Constitutional element Germany and Italy dictatorial movements were defined by an element of structure hence incorporation of legitimate element. The atmosphere of violence and uncertainty were factors that contributed significantly to the movements influence. The element of constitutionalism arises from the fact the revolution process involved crushing of opposition forms by use of party militias and the army influence (Blinkhorn, 2014).Party men formed the structural governing system and executed tasks based on the overall benefit of the regime in power.
Difference emergent in Nazism and Fascism Regimes
Racialism versus Nationalism
The rise of Nazism in Germany was cultivated by the desire of the Aryan race in German to emerge as a powerful race; the authoritarian regime despised the Jews as an inferior race and believed the mediocre groups were mandate with the task of serving the superior race. In Italy the authoritarian regime was driven by the passion of establishing a unified nationalistic view, which would be a force instrumental in the rise of Italy’s dominance. The loyalists were mandated with the obligation of spreading and assimilating inferior nations into its allied forces. Both regimes though dictatorial in nature differed in approach as the Nazism supported the Aryan race supremacy while the Italy regime built their alliance of a nationalistic view.
Varied Foreign Policy Objectives
The two extreme political ideologies were characterized by differential policy objectives. The Italy fascism was based on expansionary ultra-nationalism. Territorial control was a major factor that drove the Fascism conquest. German foreign policies differed from the Italy regime in policy stratification and implementation. Germans implemented policies that associated with racially prejudiced attitudes. The Jews and Eastern European Slavs were regarded as inferior races. The Aryan race sought to establish its superiority above the rest and exert servitude by the inferior races (Ferraresi, 2012). Clearly both of the regimes customized policies to suite the regimes purpose.

Assorted Modernity view Corporatism was a contributing factor towards Italy Fascism but played minimal involvement in the Nazism regime. In Italy, the fascists encouraged creativity by promoting artistic expressions. All works that criticized the government were however, censored. The Nazi were influential in opposing the view of modernism. Corporatism was rejected as the view of modernism supported cultural degeneration. Nazis promoted neoclassicism as the official architectural style that emphasized on the execution of the Nazi doctrine.
Differential Period of Rise to Power The Italy regime pioneered authoritarian rule, Benito Mussolini launched the National Fascist Party at the onset of 1922. Major activities executed by the party including the implementation tactics were assimilated by the Nazi regime. Italy’s march to Rome was extremely beneficial as the authoritarian leader, Adolph Hitler launched putsch in Munich though it turned out to be a failure. Nazi party regime launched the National socialist German Workers party but was crippled in implementation of objectives a factor that derailed its success until the early 1930s period (Finchelstein, 2009).
Varying leadership influence The command and authority exerted by the two authoritarian leaders differed in degree of jurisdiction and allied manpower base. Benito Mussolini was not able to successfully transform Italy into a totalitarian state; this coupled with the inadequacies to resolve economic problems limited his appeal and affiliation base. He relied on association with Hitler’s Nazism and in the process lost considerable support base especially from religious critiques. Adolph Hitler was popular and regarded on a higher level compared to Mussolini’s regime. He was considered more influential, and regarded as a political mastermind. However, his regime still faced numerous limitations in solving several social issues though propaganda among other platforms was established to assert massive influence over the Aryan race and affiliates.
Traditional sources of authority
Religion played an important factor in Italy when compared to Nazi regime, and this limited the authority exercised by Fascists and party loyalists. The Italian Catholic Church was a power institution that commanded a significant index of followers (Diggins, 2015).The Catholic Church was opposed to fascist ideologies and the predominant civil service coupled with military personnel shared common disregard for authoritarian ideologies. In Germany, the catholic and protestant churches were less influential and furthermore had been infiltrated by Nazi ideologies as in the case of the military personnel and Civil service workforce.
Conclusion
Nazism and Italy’s Fascism are always regarded as the best illustrations of authoritarian rule in history. The two regimes created significant impact around world systems and even contributed as factors that promoted rise of World war two. The dictatorial leaders asserted the element of fear by justifying use of force and propaganda when spreading party policies. Both of the authoritarian leaders were however ineffective in availing long-term solutions to the current challenges they faced. Fascism and Nazism have significant similarities and often ran parallel agendas. The main difference is that Nazism gathered supported based on racism factors while Italy Fascist exerted influence and affiliation compelled by the need to establish ultra-nationalism and unify its citizens.

Works Cited
Bar-On, T. (2008). Fascism to the Nouvelle Droite: the dream of pan-European empire. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 16(3), 327-345.
Blinkhorn, M. (2014). Fascism and the Right in Europe 1919-1945. Routledge.
Diggins, J. P. (2015). Mussolini and fascism: the view from America. Princeton University Press.
Eatwell, R. (2011). Fascism: A history. Random House.
Ferraresi, F. (2012). Threats to democracy: the radical right in Italy after the war. Princeton University Press.
Finchelstein, F. (2009). Transatlantic fascism: ideology, violence, and the sacred in Argentina and Italy, 1919-1945. Duke University Press.
Goldberg, J. (2008, January). Liberal fascism: The secret history of the American left, from Mussolini to the politics of meaning. Crown Forum.
Hainsworth, P. (2008). The extreme right in Western Europe (pp. 1-160). LondonNew York: Routledge.
Kitchen, M. (2014). Europe between the Wars. Routledge.
Passmore, K. (2014). Fascism: A very short introduction. OUP Oxford.