...Analyzing Psychological Disorders Jeannie Hopkins PSY/240 11/17/2013 Dr. Brooke Morford A psychological disorder is known as a mental disorder; it is a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and/or create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 26 percent of American adults over the age of 18 suffer from some type of diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America). Almost half of that also meet criteria for 2 or more disorders, with severity strongly related to comorbidity. Mental disorders are diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) here in the U.S. The DSM-IV-TR explains that a multiaxial system involves an assessment on several axes, which refer to a different domain of information that may help the clinician plan treatment and possibly predict the outcome (Association, 2000). The five axes included in the DSM-IV multi-axial classification are as listed: * Axis I: Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions That Need Clinical Attention. * Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. * Axis III: General Medical Conditions. * Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems * Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). As stated in the DSM-IV-TR “the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale is...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders Wendy M Tolliver PSY 240 April 10, 2011 Thea Lawton Analyzing Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia, referred to as a split personality disorder, is a chronic, severe, devastating mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the population, equivalent to more than 2 million people in the United States. Statistics indicates schizophrenia affects men about 1½ times more frequently than women. (National Comorbidity Survey, 1994) It is a psychotic mental disorders characterized by symptoms of thought, behavior, and social problems. The thought problems linked with schizophrenia described as psychosis, in that the individual thinking is totally out of touch with reality. The individual with this disorder may also have disorganized speech, and behavior, physically or careless behavior, extensively decreased behaviors or feelings, as well as delusions, which are ideas about themselves or others that have no basis in reality. The term schizophrenia first introduced in 1911. In 1887, Emil Kraepelin deemed it a separate mental illness. Regardless of recent history, (Addington, Bouchard, Goldberg, 2005) described throughout written history. Ancient Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese, Greek, and Roman writings described symptoms comparable to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. During medieval times, schizophrenia, like other illnesses, often viewed as evidence of the sufferer possessed by spirits or evil powers. Schizophrenia is a multifaceted...
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...Case Study Week 3 Kristin Parramore-Eaker PSY/410 Abnormal Psychology March 11, 2013 Dr. Kathryn Westbeld Ph.D. Case study week 3 Outline: Sleep Walking Objective: The purpose of this case study is to research and understand the psychological state involved with sleepwalking or somnambulism disorders. The information provided by the patient and his wife examine the functions of the brain while the individual appears to be in non-REM sleep and functioning, while other areas of the brain are in a normal sleep state. The case addresses the episodes following times of severe anxiety to test stress (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Method: A review of information and history related to sleep disorders and sleepwalking suggests a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of sleepwalking. Sleepwalking disorder (307.46) in the DSM is the impairing repeated sleepwalking episodes with unresponsivity during the episode; the individual has rapid or quick reorientation, and amnesia for the episodes. This case meets the criteria for this diagnosis (DSM IV TR, 2000). Results: The findings support sleepwalking with stress relating to test anxiety disorder as an explanation of the recurring episodes (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Conclusions: The research supports the pathology of the disorder and explores treatment plans for the individual to lessen test...
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...Obesity on children Lauri Gavilano EN1320 09/02/2014 Obesity on children Obese children and teenagers face a high risk of potential health problems as they get older, bad eating habits formed during childhood may lead the child to be overweight, with worrying consequences in adulthood, mainly for health. The consequences of childhood obesity, the result of fat accumulation in the body are related to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular problems. It also affects in the mental and social development due to social discrimination and low self-esteem. The first changes to occur in obese children are usually emotional or psychological. However, childhood obesity can also lead to more severe physical consequences and can be life threatening, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, sleep problems, cancer and other diseases. Obesity has a very important role in the development of bad physical health of the child; according to a study by Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) noted that about 15% of children and adolescents are now overweight (Riccairdelli & Schwimmer, 2012). There are many factors that contribute to childhood obesity but most common are lifestyle issues like lack of activity and too many calories from food and drinks. The lack of activities has a big impact on gaining weight, also the family history and socio economic factors. The consequences of childhood obesity are not only physical but also psychological. Obese...
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...Kleine–Levin syndrome: Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment Santosh Ramdurg Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ► This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to: ------------------------------------------------- Abstract Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare sleep disorder mainly affecting teenage boys in which the main features are intermittent hypersomnolence, behavioral and cognitive disturbances, hyperphagia, and in some cases hypersexuality. Each episode is of brief duration varying from a week to 1–2 months and affected people are entirely asymptomatic between episodes. No definite cause has been identified, and no effective treatments are available even though illness is having well-defined clinical features. Multiple relapses occur every few weeks or months, and the condition may last for a decade or more before spontaneous resolution. In this study, PubMed was searched and appropriate articles were reviewed to highlight etiology, clinical features, and management of KLS. On the basis of this knowledge, practical information is offered to help clinicians about how to investigate a case of KLS, and what are the possible treatment modalities available currently for the treatment during an episode and interepisodic period for prophylaxis. Comprehensive research into the etiology, pathophysiology, investigation, and treatments are required to aid the development of disease-specific targeted therapies. Keywords: Hypersomnia...
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...| Course Design Guide College of Social Sciences PSY/240 Version 6 The Brain, the Body, and the Mind | Copyright © 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an introduction to the investigation of physiological and neurological basis for human behavior. The student will be able to study and discuss various influences on personality development, such as pre-natal maternal behavior; gender; nature versus nurture; brain development; genetic composition; sensory motor interactions; learning disabilities; drug impacts; and neurological diseases. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Pinel, J. P. J. (2009). Biopsychology. Boston, MA: Pearson. Associate Level Writing Style Handbook, available online at https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CWE/pdfs/Associate_level_writing_style_handbook.pdf All electronic...
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...Introduction The biopsychologist will implement the biological approach to psychology in the attempt to study psychological diseases and disorders as well as in the diagnosis and treatment of individual’s suffering from such diseases and disorders. The following will include the analysis of the disorder known as Schizophrenia. The areas of brain affected, causal factors, associated symptoms, neural basis and appropriate drug therapies will be discussed. In addition, the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will also be examined. Both the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will be discussed for their relation to the nature-nurture issue and other appropriate theories of etiology. Possible drug therapies and alternative solutions will also be a focus of discussion. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is undoubtedly one of the most complex psychiatric disorders of all time. A disorder which name defines the “splitting of psychic functions (Pinel, 2007, p.481)”, Schizophrenia often presents itself with a variety of characteristic symptoms including possible delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or incoherent speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior patterns and negative symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Social and occupational dysfunction often accompany these characteristic symptoms of Schizophrenia and the combination of function impairment and symptoms must persist in duration for a period...
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...Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition;...
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...that obesity causes are diabetes, asthma and heart diseases. These complications can be caused by a series of factors that can be contributed by TV, computer games, lack of safe playgrounds and other factors that encourage children to be sedentary (Collins, 2002). From the factors mentioned before, the things that are attacking the kids of this generation are mainly the video and computer games. In addition to affecting the health of the kids it is also affecting the economy. Because the costs of health insurance premiums are going up, companies refuse to pay for such services. In addition child obesity is an issue that in most cases begins in the household. Justification: Studies show the impact that child obesity has caused in society. (CBS News, 2002) declared “A dramatic increase in diabetes and other diseases related to childhood obesity in the United States has added millions of dollars to health care cost”. From that article it is clear that child obesity is causing a tremendous problem to the economy, thus making it insufficient. The cost of medicine, treatments and operation is the reason why it is causing and contributing to the economical problems. Obesity has been a major cause for conditions in children such as high blood pressure and asthma. In Bruch (1973) he stated that “Obesity in childhood, as in other age groups, is not a uniform condition”. What the author means about uniform condition is that it is not a...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders Analyzing Psychological Disorders Jessica Champion PSY/ 240 Mrs. Barbara Burt Axia University of Phoenix College Analyzing Psychological Disorders Introduction A biopsychologist will execute a biological approach to psychology in the endeavor to study psychological diseases and disorders, in addition to in the diagnosis and treatment of individual’s anguish from diseases and disorders. The subsequent will consist of the psychoanalysis of the disorder identified as Schizophrenia. As for the areas of brain affected, contributory factors, related symptoms, the neural origin, and suitable drug therapies will be discussed. Additionally, the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will also be examined. Therefore the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will be discussed for their relation to the nature-nurture issue and other appropriate theories of etiology. Possible drug therapies and alternative solutions will also be a focus of discussion. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is indubitably one of the most intricate psychiatric disorders of all time. It is a disorder which name defines the “splitting of psychic functions (Pinel, 2007, p.481)”, Schizophrenia habitually presents itself with a multiplicity of attribute symptoms including hallucinations, possible delusions, disorganized ,grossly disorganized, incoherent...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders William Cagle March 29, 2012 Hello. I am so humble to make it this far in the interview process. Per your request, you have asked me to analyze the psychiatric disease schizophrenia. You have also asked me to interpret two case studies of my choice and give my perspective on them. I am very happy to do this for you, especially since biopsychology is my passion. I will start with analyzing the psychiatric disease schizophrenia first. Schizophrenia was a term coined by psychologist in the early 20th century. It means “splitting the psychic functions”. Another common term for schizophrenia is split personality disorder. (Dryden-Edwards, 20011). When you think of schizophrenia, words like madness and crazy come to mind. It is a disease that is made up of many complex and diverse symptoms, which often overlap with other psychiatric disorders (Pinel, 2009). Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population. It generally starts between late adolescence and early adulthood. Men are statistically affected with schizophrenia 1 ½ times more than women. There are five types of schizophrenia: paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, undifferentiated schizophrenia, and residual schizophrenia. The symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia deal with delusions or auditory hallucinations. For example, the patient might feel as if they have bugs crawling on them when they do not. Disorganized...
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...Introduction The Global issue relating to Eating Disorders is the subject of this report. A Global issue must occur in 3 parts of the world; in this case study Japan, the US and Africa is studied. It must effect a sizable population, and must be a problem of enormous magnitude. Eating disorders as defined by The American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a condition characterized by a severe disturbances in eating behavior (Gilbert and Gilbert,p 3). According to disabled world, an eating disorder is a continual disturbance of eating and or eating-related behavior that leads to altered consumption or absorption of food in the body system, in a great way impairing the physical health or psychological and social functioning of the person. Eating disorders are more often than not long-term problems, which can cause great suffering for victims and their families (Eating Disorder Symptoms, Types and Treatment Methods, Para 1). Analysis The writer has chosen this topic because as the statistics across the world have proven obesity has almost turned out to be a national disaster. The thesis of this report is that having an eating disorder puts your body into a high extent of harm. Solutions to the issue will be availed at the conclusion of the report. The writer has chosen this topic because the scope of this enquiry will extend from 2006 to 2011 is discussing the problem, and from 3,000 BC to 2011 AD in...
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...Question 1a WRITE NOTES ON Eating disorder Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric disorders with diagnostic criteria based on psychologic, behavior, and physiologic characteristics. Eating disorders is a broad name for a number of problems faced by human beings with food in our society. While majority slip into overeating or comfort eating at some point, for some the problem goes to life-threatening extremes. For instance a common type of eating disorder is the anorexia nervosa and bulimia; there is a deep fear of being overweight that leads to an obsession about restricting the number of calories the person is taking in. This leads to an extreme state of starvation, which in turn has a number of effects on the way that the body functions and how hormones are produced. The common symptom of someone affected by an eating disorder includes: a. Mentally keeping a balance between calories taken in and calories used up b. Deep-seated feelings of anxiety if they consume a few calories too many c. Self-loathing, depression or panic if they haven’t lost any weight or put a little on, despite their best efforts Many scholars have researched the issue of diet quite deeply and know the damage they are doing to themselves but are still unable to stop. This just makes the feelings of despair and self-loathing even worse, causing their condition to continue. Common types of eating Disorders Research has given support to the existence...
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...As many as 19 million Americans million are affected by mood disorders ( The two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion.“ Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behavior, which may include psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations” (Craddock, Jones 1999). Major depressive disorder or unipolar depression is characterized by a consistent low mood and lack of interest in things typically enjoyed .A second classification of major depressive disorder, is dysthymic disorder which is a chronic but less severe form of major depression (John W. Santrock 2007). Also major depression has many subgroups including seasonal affect disorder and postpartum depression. While there are many treatment options for the symptoms of mood disorders and promising scientific research, much is still unknown about a disorder that affects so many lives. According to Dinsmoor, R. S. &ump; Odle, T. G. (2009), bipolar depression refers to a condition in which people experience two extremes in mood. The bipolar spectrum includes; bipolar I, bipolar 2, bipolar NOS (not otherwise specified) and cyclothymia and all are related to disturbances in mood but differ in severity of symptoms. They are differentiated by the...
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...Glossary acetylcholinesterase: It is an enzyme that carries out the process of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) break-down at the region between two nerve cells (synaptic cleft) so that the impulse gets transmitted from one neuron to another. achalasia cardia: It is also called as cardiospasm and in this case the neuromuscular failure of oesophageal relaxation especially at the lower end with progressive dilatation of the part of the oesophagus above. actin-myosin crossbridging: It is responsible for the force generation and contraction of skeletal muscle. There are certain myosin-binding sites present on actin which undergoes bonding with myosin forming cross-bridges.it is an important step in skeletal muscle contraction. adenine: It is...
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